Incidence of Bacterial Grain Rot Disease, Identification, and Diversity of Burkolderia glumae in Some Rice Varieties in West Java
Abstrak
Penyakit busuk bulir padi oleh bakteri Burkholderia glumae perlu diwaspadai termasuk di Jawa Barat sebagai salah satu sentra produksi padi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan insidensi penyakit, identitas dan keragaman bakteri B. glumae pada beberapa varietas padi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pengamatan insidensi penyakit dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 9 kabupaten. Bakteri diisolasi dari bulir padi yang bergejala busuk bulir kemudian dilakukan uji biokimia dan fisiologi yang meliputi uji Gram serta uji pertumbuhan pada pH 4.8, dan NaCl 2%. Variasi fenotipik diamati dari warna koloni pada medium S-PG, produksi toksofalvin, respons hipersensitivitas pada daun tembakau, dan uji patogenisitas pada tanaman padi. Primer spesifik JLBgF/JLBgR dan primer universal 16S rRNA, yaitu 27F/1492R digunakan untuk menentukan identitas bakteri secara molekuler. Insidensi penyakit di lapangan berkisar antara 0–73.3%, tertinggi di Kecamatan Dawuan (Karawang) pada var. Mekongga. Berdasarkan uji biokimia dan fisiologi diperoleh 29 isolat terkonfirmasi sebagai B. glumae. Hasil pengamatan fenotipik menunjukkan 10 isolat tergolong koloni tipe A, 19 isolat tipe B; 25 isolat menghasilkan toksoflavin; 29 isolat menimbulkan respons hipersensitivitas pada daun tembakau dan gejala hawar pada tanaman padi. Identifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik dan universal membuktikan 29 isolat adalah B. glumae. Analisis keragaman genotip menunjukkan bahwa isolat KRCH-2 (Karawang) dan INCH-6 (Indramayu) memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan B. glumae asal Cina dan Amerika
Unduh
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