Sclerotium rolfsii, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Hippeastrum sp.
Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii, a the Causal Agent of Stem Rot Disease
on Hippeastrum sp.
Symptoms of stem rot that cause Hippeastrum sp. or red lily wither, leaves turn yellow, and eventually die found at Mangliawan Village, District of Pakis, Malang - East Java. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens that cause root rot disease on lily plants and find out their host range. Sclerotium from the symptomatic base of the plant was isolated on potato dextrose agar medium. Fungus was identified based on the morphological characteristics of the colonies and mycelium. Host range test of pathogen was carried out by manual inoculation on Rain lily (Zephyranthes) St. Bernard's lily (Chlorophytum) and Beach Spider lily (Hymenocallis). The results of the identification showed that the fungus had white mycelium and formed sclerotium. Sclerotium is irregularly rounded, white when young, and dark brown when ripe, and forms 10 days after incubation. In hyphae, there are branching, septa, and clam connections. Based on the morphological characteristics of the disease the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. In the host range test, the fungus was able to infect rain lilies and paris lilies, but not in spider lilies. This is the first report of S. rolfsii infection in lily in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
Akarapisan A, Kumvinit A, S Ruamrungsri. 2017. Bulb rot of amaryllis caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and effect of fungicides on in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth. Asian J Plant Pathol. 11(2):95–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajppaj.2017.95.101.
Barnett HL, Hunter, BB. 1988. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Ed: ke-4. Minnesota (US): APS.
Cessna SG, Sears VE, Dickman MB, Low PS. 2000. Oxalic acid, a pathogencity factor of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, suppresses the oxidative burst of the host plant. The Plant Cell. 12(11):2191–2199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3871114.
Hartati SY, Taufik E, Supriadi, Karyani N. 2008. Karakteristik fisiologis isolat Sclerotium sp. asal tanaman sambiloto. Jurnal LITTRI. 14(1):25–29.
Kator L, Hosea ZY, Oche OD. 2015. Sclerotium rolfsii: causative organism of southern blight, stem rot, white mold and sclerotia rot disease. Annals Biol Res. 6(11):78–89.
Kwon JH. 2010. Stem rot of garlic (Allium sativum) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Mycobiology. 38(2):156–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2010.38.2.156.
Moctezuma HEF, Belmont RM, Perez AJ, Juarez RN. 2005. Pathogenic diversity of Sclerotium rolfsii isolates from Mexico, and potential control of southern blight through solarization and organic amendments. Crop Protection. 25(2006):195–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.04.007.
Pinheiro VDR, Seixas CDS, Godoy C, Soares RM, Oliveira MCN, Almeida AMR. 2010. Development of Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia on soybean, corn, and wheat straw, under different soil temperatures and moisture contents. Pesq Agropec Bras. 45(3):332–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2010000300014.
Rout MK, Mohant P, Dash SR, Parida, D. 2015. Studies on effect of pH, temperature and relative humidity on growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternate and Sclerotium rolfsii causing bud rot and collar rot in marigold. Trends in Biosciences. 8(24):6785–6787.
Shew BB, Beute MK, Campbell CL. 1984. Spatial pattern of southern stem rot caused by Ssclerotium rolfsii in six north carolina peanut fields. Phytopathology. 74:730–735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-74-730.
Sukamto, Wahyuno D. 2013. Identifikasi dan karakterisasi Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. penyebab penyakit busuk batang nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth). Bul Littro. 24(1):37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v28n1.2017.37-46.
Watanabe T. 2002. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi: Morphologies of Cultured Fungi and Key to Species. Ed ke-2. New York (US) CRC Press.
Xu Z, Harrintong TG, Gleason ML, Batzer JG. 2010. Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic sclerotium species among teleomorph genera. Mycologia. 102(2): 337–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/08-189.
Yang XM, Wang JH, Qu SP, Wang LH. 2007. First report of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on lily in China. Plant Dis. 91:109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-91-0109C.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
