Monitoring Perluasan Perkotaan di Kalimantan BaratBerbasis Google Earth Engine: Implikasi bagi Perencanaan Tata Ruang
Abstract
This study aims to monitor and analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of urban sprawl in West Kalimantan Province for the period 2019–2025 using a remote sensing approach based on Google Earth Engine. The land cover classification method uses a Random Forest algorithm. The spectral indices NDBI, NDVI, and MNDWI are used as variables to identify built-up areas, vegetation, and water bodies. The classification results were then analyzed spatially using ROSE diagrams to assess the direction, intensity, and pattern of built-up area growth. The results indicate that the development pattern of built-up land in West Kalimantan is directional and consistent across years, dominated by growth in the west and northwest sectors as the agglomeration core, accompanied by strengthening secondary expansion toward the south and southeast since 2022. The S–SE direction experienced a significant increase during 2022–2023, while the west sector shows internal infill and reurbanization patterns in the metropolitan center. The north, east, and northeast sectors are relatively stable with limited extent. This pattern indicates a duality of urban growth processes, namely densification in the metropolitan core and edge expansion toward peri-urban areas in the S–SE, which overall reflects corridor-based gradual spatial transformation. The implications for spatial planning policy emphasize the importance of controlling land conversion in the south–southeast sectors, strengthening densification strategies in core areas, and integrating Google Earth Engine–based monitoring systems into periodic evaluations of the West Kalimantan Provincial Spatial Plan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Agustiah Wulandari, Yudi Purnomo
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