Uterine diseases of captive large felids in Malaysia: seven clinical case reports

Abstract

Background Captive large felids are at risk of various uterine diseases that include pyometra, hematometra, and neoplasms (leiomyoma and adenocarcinoma).

Objective This case study aimed to describe seven cases of female uterine diseases were diagnosed in three zoos and one wildlife rescue center over nine years in Malaysia.

Case Description The cases diagnosed were on three Malayan tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni), a white Bengal tiger (P. tigris tigris), two white lions (P. leo), and a common leopard (P.  pardus). Diagnosis was made based on clinical signs, blood tests (complete blood counts and serum biochemistry), abdominal radiographs, ultrasonography, laparoscopy, cytology, and histopathology (post-mortem).

Medical Management Treatments included ovariohysterectomy, systemic antibiotics, analgesics, hormones, and fluid therapy. The outcomes in these cases varied.

Conclusion The most common clinical signs seen in these seven cases were vulvar discharge, inappetence, and lethargy. Common blood findings were neutrophilia, leukocytosis, and hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. Abdominal radiographs were generally non-specific, revealing radiopaque structures within the abdomen. Ultrasonography revealed a distended and fluid/mass-filled uterus. Reproductive evaluation of large captive felids should be included in annual health checks as the females age.