Seagrass Restoration Review: Spatial Analysis of Potential Habitats, Innovative Restoration Methods, and Predictive Modeling for Monitoring
Abstract
Seagrass ecosystems are vital for maintaining marine ecological balance, supporting the blue carbon cycle, offering habitat for marine organisms, and safeguarding coastal areas against erosion. Nevertheless, seagrass ecosystems worldwide are declining substantially due to human activities and climate change. This trend is also evident in Indonesia, where approximately 7% of seagrass coverage is lost annually. This research examines existing literature on seagrass restoration by focusing on three key approaches: spatial assessment of suitable habitats, advancements in physical restoration techniques, and the creation of predictive models for evaluating restoration outcomes. The goal is to offer comprehensive insights into the challenges and prospects for improving management and establishing more effective and sustainable restoration strategies in coastal environments. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) combined with bibliometric analysis was conducted on 177 publications from the Scopus database spanning 2019 to 2024 to identify research trends, technological advancements, and existing challenges in seagrass restoration. The research emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to seagrass restoration, incorporating spatial analysis, developing flexible restoration techniques, and implementing predictive modeling and statistical assessments to enhance long-term planning and monitoring efforts. The case study in Jepara demonstrates the effectiveness of participatory approaches at the local scale, despite limitations in technology and long-term monitoring. Integrating spatial and digital technologies, strengthening local capacity, international collaboration, and multidisciplinary integration are key to improving the effectiveness and sustainability of seagrass restoration, while strengthening its contribution to coastal resilience and climate change mitigation.
Full text article
References
Agus, S. B., Aziizah, N. N., Subarno, T., & Sunudin, A. (2018). Pemanfaatan citra spot-7 untuk pemetaan distribusi lamun pada zona intertidal dan pendugaan kedalaman perairan Pulau Wawonii. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(1), 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v10i1.19119
Aiken, C. M., Navarrete, S. A., & Jackson, E. L. (2023). Reactive persistence, spatial management, and conservation of metapopulations: An application to seagrass restoration. Ecological Applications, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2774
Alagna, A., Fernández, T. V., D’Anna, G., Magliola, C., Mazzola, S., & Badalamenti, F. (2015). Assessing Posidonia oceanica seedling substrate preference: An experimental determination of seedling anchorage success in rocky vs. sandy substrates. PLoS One, 10(4), e0125321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125321
Alvarez, A. (2019). Secondary dispersal of seagrass seeds in complex microtopographies. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 473, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.04.022
Ambo-Rappe, R. (2022). The success of seagrass restoration using Enhalus acoroides seeds is correlated with substrate and hydrodynamic conditions. Journal of Environmental Management, 310, 114692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114692
Ambo-Rappe, R., & Moore, A. M. (2019). Sulawesi seas, Indonesia. In C. Sheppard (Ed.), World Seas: Environmental Evaluation, The Indian Ocean to the Pacific (2nd ed., Vol. II, pp. 559–581). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100853-9.00032-4
Aoki, L. R., McGlathery, K. J., Wiberg, P. L., Oreska, M. P. J., Berger, A. C., Berg, P., & Orth, R. J. (2021). Seagrass recovery following marine heat wave influences sediment carbon stocks. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 576784. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.576784
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
Balestri, E., Vallerini, F., Seggiani, M., Cinelli, P., Menicagli, V., Vannini, C., & Lardicci, C. (2019). Use of bio-containers from seagrass wrack with nursery planting to improve the eco-sustainability of coastal habitat restoration. Journal of Environmental Management, 251, 109604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109604
Barcelona, A., Oldham, C., Colomer, J., & Serra, T. (2021). Functional dynamics of vegetated model patches: The minimum patch size effect for canopy restoration. Science of the Total Environment, 795, 148854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148854
Beheshti, K. M., Williams, S. L., Boyer, K. E., Endris, C., Clemons, A., Grimes, T., Wasson, K., & Hughes, B. B. (2022). Rapid enhancement of multiple ecosystem services following the restoration of a coastal foundation species. Ecological Applications, 32(1), e02466. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2466
Boell, S. K., & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2015). On being ‘systematic’ in literature reviews in IS. Journal of Information Technology, 30(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2014.26
Bos, A. R., & van Katwijk, M. M. (2007). Planting density, hydrodynamic exposure and mussel beds affect survival of transplanted intertidal eelgrass. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 336, 121–129. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps336121
Boulenger, A., Roberty, S., Lopez Velosa, M. M., Marengo, M., & Gobert, S. (2024). The use of photo-biological parameters to assess the establishment success of Posidonia oceanica cuttings after transplantation. Water, 16(12), 1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121702
Calvo, S., Calvo, R., Luzzu, F., Raimondi, V., Assenzo, M., Cassetti, F. P., & Tomasello, A. (2021). Performance assessment of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile restoration experiment on dead matte twelve years after planting—Structural and functional meadow features. Water, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050639
Carrera-Rivera, A., Ochoa, W., Larrinaga, F., & Lasa, G. (2022). How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer science research. MethodsX, 9, 101895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101895
Comte, A., Barreyre, J., Monnier, B., de Rafael, R., Boudouresque, C.-F., Pergent, G., & Ruitton, S. (2024). Operationalizing blue carbon principles in France: Methodological developments for Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows and institutionalization. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 198, 115822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115822
Crespo, D., Faião, R., Freitas, V., Oliveira, V. H., Sousa, A. I., Coelho, J. P., & Dolbeth, M. (2023). Using seagrass as a nature-based solution: Short-term effects of Zostera noltei transplant in benthic communities of a European Atlantic coastal lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 197, 115762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115762
Cronin-Golomb, O., Harringmeyer, J. P., Weiser, M. W., Zhu, X., Ghosh, N., Novak, A. B., Forbrich, I., & Fichot, C. G. (2022). Modeling benthic solar exposure (UV and visible) in dynamic coastal systems to better inform seagrass habitat suitability. Science of the Total Environment, 812, 151481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151481
Cronau, R. J. T., Telgenkamp, Y., de Fouw, J., van Katwijk, M. M., Bouma, T. J., Heusinkveld, J. H. T., Hoeijmakers, D., van der Heide, T., & Lamers, L. P. M. (2023). Seagrass is protected from ragworm pressure by a newly discovered grazer–ragworm interaction; implications for restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60(6), 978–989. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14381
Cronin-Golomb, O., Harringmeyer, J. P., Weiser, M. W., Zhu, X., Ghosh, N., Novak, A. B., Forbrich, I., & Fichot, C. G. (2022). Modeling benthic solar exposure (UV and visible) in dynamic coastal systems to better inform seagrass habitat suitability. Science of the Total Environment, 812, 151481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151481
Donaher, S. E., Baillie, C. J., Smith, C. S., Zhang, Y. S., Albright, A., Trackenberg, S. N., Wellman, E. H., Woodard, N., & Gittman, R. K. (2021). Bivalve facilitation mediates seagrass recovery from physical disturbance in a temperate estuary. Ecosphere, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3578
Ferretto, G., Glasby, T. M., Poore, A. G. B., Callaghan, C. T., Statton, J., Kendrick, G. A., & Vergés, A. (2023). Optimizing the restoration of the threatened seagrass Posidonia australis: Plant traits influence restoration success. Restoration Ecology, 31(5), 1021–1031. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13893
Flindt, M. R., Oncken, N. S., Kuusemäe, K., Lange, T., Aaskoven, N., Winter, S., Sousa, A. I., Rasmussen, E. K., Canal-Verges, P., Connolly, R. M., & Kristensen, E. (2022). Sand-capping stabilizes muddy sediment and improves benthic light conditions in eutrophic estuaries: Laboratory verification and the potential for recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina). Journal of Sea Research, 181, 102177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2022.102177
Fourqurean, J. W., Duarte, C. M., Kennedy, H., Marbà, N., Holmer, M., Mateo, M. A., Apostolaki, E. T., Kendrick, G., Krause-Jensen, D., McGlathery, K. J., & Serrano, O. (2012). Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock. Nature Geoscience, 5(7), 505–509. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1477
Gagnon, K., Christie, H., Didderen, K., Fagerli, C. W., Govers, L. L., Gräfnings, M. L. E., Heusinkveld, J. H. T., Kaljurand, K., Lengkeek, W., Martin, G., van der Heide, T., & Boström, C. (2021). Incorporating facilitative interactions into small-scale eelgrass restoration—Challenges and opportunities. Restoration Ecology, 29(5), e13398. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13398
Gagnon, K., Gustafsson, C., Salo, T., Rossi, F., Gunell, S., Richardson, J. P., Reynolds, P. L., Duffy, J. E., & Boström, C. (2021). Role of food web interactions in promoting resilience to nutrient enrichment in a brackish water eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography, 66(7), 2810–2826. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11792
Garmendia, J. M., Rodríguez, J. G., Borja, Á., Pouso, S., del Campo, A., Galparsoro, I., & Fernandes-Salvador, J. A. (2023). Restoring seagrass meadows in Basque estuaries: Nature-based solution for successful management. Nature-Based Solutions, 4, 100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100058
Ginting, D. N. B., & Arjasakusuma, S. (2021). Pemetaan lamun menggunakan machine learning dengan citra PlanetScope di Nusa Lembongan. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 24(3), 323–332. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v24i3.11180
Govers, L. L., Heusinkveld, J. H., Gräfnings, M. L., Smeele, Q., & van der Heide, T. (2022). Adaptive intertidal seed-based seagrass restoration in the Dutch Wadden Sea. PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0262845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262845
Grech, A., Chartrand-Miller, K., Erftemeijer, P., Fonseca, M., McKenzie, L., Rasheed, M., Taylor, H., & Coles, R. (2012). A comparison of threats, vulnerabilities, and management approaches in global seagrass bioregions. Environmental Research Letters, 7(2), 024026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024026
Gräfnings, M. L. E., Grimm, I., Valdez, S. R., Findji, I., van der Heide, T., Heusinkveld, J. H. T., Meijer, K. J., Eriksson, B. K., Smeele, Q., & Govers, L. L. (2023). Restored intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina) supports benthic communities taxonomically and functionally similar to natural seagrasses in the Wadden Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1294845. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294845
Huda, J. S., Pratikto, I., & Riniatsih, I. (2024). Utilization of Sentinel-2 images for mapping the distribution of seagrass in Pulau Panjang, Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 13(2), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v13i2.36212
Ihsan, A. A., Fauzia, A., Khansa, T. A., Ridwana, R., & Nandi, N. (2021). Analisis pemetaan sebaran padang lamun sebelum dan selama pandemi menggunakan citra Landsat-8 OLI di Kota Kepulauan Ternate. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 8(2), 85-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/js.v7i3.4256
Lange, T., Oncken, N. S., Svane, N., Steinfurth, R. C., Kristensen, E., & Flindt, M. R. (2022). Large-scale eelgrass transplantation: A measure for carbon and nutrient sequestration in estuaries. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 685, 97–109. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14196
Lapointe, B. E., Herren, L. W., Brewton, R. A., & Alderman, P. K. (2020). Nutrient over-enrichment and light limitation of seagrass communities in the Indian River Lagoon, an urbanized subtropical estuary. Science of the Total Environment, 699, 134068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134068
LCDI Indonesia. (2024, Februari 1). Pengelolaan ekosistem lamun sebagai ketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim. LCDI Indonesia.
Le Fur, I., De Wit, R., Plus, M., Oheix, J., Derolez, V., Simier, M., Malet, N., & Ouisse, V. (2019). Re-oligotrophication trajectories of macrophyte assemblages in Mediterranean coastal lagoons based on 17-year time-series. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 608, 13–32. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12814
Lessy, M. R. & Ramili, Y. (2018). Restorasi lamun: Studi transplantasi lamun Enhalus acoroides di perairan pantai Kastela, Kota Ternate. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan, 1(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.33387/jikk.v1i1.680
Liu, M., Xu, S., Yue, S., Qiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhou, Y. (2023). Seed provision efficacy of detached reproductive shoots in restoration projects for degraded eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows. Sustainability, 15(7), 5904. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075904
Lovelock, C. E., Adame, M. F., Dittmann, S., Hagger, V., Hickey, S. M., Hutley, L. I., Jones, A., Kelleway, J. J., Lavery, P. S., Macreadie, P. I., Rogers, K., & Sippo, J. Z. (2023). Response to Gallagher (2022)—The Australian tidal restoration for blue carbon method 2022—Conservative, robust, and practical. Restoration Ecology, 31(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13788
Maulidiyah, R. A., Cambridge, M. L., Austin, R., & Kendrick, G. A. (2024). Early seedling development and survival of seagrasses Posidonia australis and P. sinuosa using different seed-based restoration methods. Restoration Ecology, 32(8), e14269. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14269
McHenry, J., Rassweiler, A., Hernan, G., Dubel, A. K., Curtin, C., Barzak, J., Varias, N., & Lester, S. E. (2023). Geographic variation in organic carbon storage by seagrass beds. Limnology and Oceanography, 68(6), 1256–1268. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12343
Mongeon, P., & Paul-Hus, A. (2016). The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics, 106, 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
Mourato, C. V., Padrão, N., Serrão, E. A., & Paulo, D. (2023). Less is more: Seagrass restoration success using less vegetation per area. Sustainability, 15(17), 12937. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712937
Muench, A., & Elsey-Quirk, T. (2019). Competitive reversal between plant species is driven by species-specific tolerance to flooding stress and nutrient acquisition during early marsh succession. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56(9), 2236–2247. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13458
Nugraha, A. H., Almahdi, S., Zahra, A., & Karlina, I. (2022). Morphometric characteristics and growth responses of Enhalus acoroides seedlings under different substrate composition treatments. Omni-Akuatika, 17(2), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2021.17.2.883
Nugraha, A. H., Ramadhani, P., Karlina, I., Susiana, S., & Febrianto, T. (2021). Sebaran jenis dan tutupan lamun di perairan Pulau Bintan. Jurnal Enggano, 6(2), 111–122.
Oliveira, V. H., Fonte, B. A., Costa, F., Sousa, A. I., Henriques, B., Pereira, E., Dolbeth, M., Díez, S., & Coelho, J. P. (2023). The effect of Zostera noltei recolonization on the sediment mercury vertical profiles of a recovering coastal lagoon. Chemosphere, 345, 140438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140438
Orth, R. J., & Heck, K. L., Jr. (2023). The dynamics of seagrass ecosystems: History, past accomplishments, and future prospects. Estuaries and Coasts, 46(7), 1653–1676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01252-4
Orth, R. J., Carruthers, T. J. B., Dennison, W. C., Duarte, C. M., Fourqurean, J. W., Heck, K. L., Jr., Hughes, A. R., Kendrick, G. A., Kenworthy, W. J., Olyarnik, S., Short, F. T., Waycott, M., & Williams, S. L. (2006). A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. BioScience, 56(12), 987–996. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2
Orth, R. J., Lefcheck, J. S., McGlathery, K. J., Aoki, L., Luckenbach, M. W., Moore, K. A., Oreska, M. P. J., Snyder, R. A., Wilcox, D. J., & Lusk, B. (2020). Restoration of seagrass habitat leads to rapid recovery of coastal ecosystem services. Science Advances, 6(41), eabc6434. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc6434
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Paling, E. I., Fonseca, M., van Katwijk, M. M., & van Keulen, M. (2009). Seagrass restoration. In G. M. E. Perillo, E. Wolanski, D. R. Cahoon, & M. M. Brinson (Eds.), Coastal wetlands: An integrated ecosystem approach (pp. 687–713). Elsevier.
Pansini, A., Deroma, M., Guala, I., Monnier, B., Pergent-Martini, C., Piazzi, L., Stipcich, P., & Ceccherelli, G. (2024). The resilience of transplanted seagrass traits encourages detection of restoration success. Journal of Environmental Management, 357, 120744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.120744
Pazzaglia, J., Badalamenti, F., Bernardeau-Esteller, J., Ruiz, J. M., Giacalone, V. M., Procaccini, G., & Marín-Guirao, L. (2022). Thermo-priming increases heat-stress tolerance in seedlings of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 174, 113164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113164
Piazzi, L., Acunto, S., Frau, F., Atzori, F., Cinti, M. F., Leone, L. M., & Ceccherelli, G. (2021). Environmental engineering techniques to restore degraded Posidonia oceanica meadows. Water, 13(5), 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050661
Pradhana, H. D. W., Endrawati, H., & Susanto, A. B. (2021). Analisis kesesuaian ekosistem lamun sebagai pendukung ekowisata bahari Pulau Panjang, Kabupaten Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 10(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i2.30118
Rahman, S., Rahardjanto, A., & Husamah, H. (2022). Mengenal Padang Lamun (Seagrass Beds). Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Rende, S. F., Bosman, A., Menna, F., Lagudi, A., Bruno, F., Severino, U., Montefalcone, M., Irving, A. D., Raimondi, V., Calvo, S., Pergent-Martinì, C., & Tomasello, A. (2022). Assessing Seagrass Restoration Actions through a Micro-Bathymetry Survey Approach (Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Water (Switzerland), 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081285
Research Computing Centre. (2021, July 5). Great Barrier Reef holds key to climate change mitigation. The University of Queensland. https://rcc.uq.edu.au/article/2022/05/great-barrier-reef-holds-key-climate-change-mitigation
Rifai, H., Quevedo, J. M. D., Lukman, K. M., Sondak, C. F. A., Risandi, J., Hernawan, U. E., Uchiyama, Y., Ambo-Rappe, R., & Kohsaka, R. (2023). Potential of seagrass habitat restorations as nature-based solutions: Practical and scientific implications in Indonesia. Ambio, 52(3), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01811-2
Riniatsih, I., & Endrawati, H. (2013). Pertumbuhan lamun hasil transplantasi jenis Cymodocea rotundata di padang lamun Teluk Awur Jepara. Buloma: Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 2(1), 34–40.
Robello, C., Acunto, S., Leone, L. M., Mancini, I., Oprandi, A., & Montefalcone, M. (2024). Large-Scale Re-Implantation Efforts for Posidonia oceanica Restoration in the Ligurian Sea: Progress and Challenges. Diversity, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040226
Rosalina, D., Rombe, K. H., & Hasnatang, H. (2022). Pemetaan sebaran lamun menggunakan metode Lyzenga: Studi kasus Pulau Kapoposang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 25(2), 169–178.
Sari, D. P., & Lubis, M. Z. (2017). Pemanfaatan citra Landsat 8 untuk memetakan persebaran lamun di wilayah pesisir Pulau Batam. Jurnal Enggano, 2(1), 38–45.
Scapin, L., Zucchetta, M., Sfriso, A., & Franzoi, P. (2019). Predicting the response of nekton assemblages to seagrass transplantations in the Venice Lagoon: An approach to assess ecological restoration. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 29(6), 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3135
Sfriso, A. A., Sciuto, K., Mistri, M., Munari, C., Juhmani, A.-S., Buosi, A., Tomio, Y., & Sfriso, A. (2023). Where, when, how and what seagrass to transplant for long lasting results in transitional water systems: The cases of Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei and Ruppia cirrhosa. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1299428. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1299428
Short, F. T., & Coles, R. G. (Eds.). (2001). Global seagrass research methods. Elsevier.
Silvi, M. V., Redjeki, S., & Riniatsih, I. (2022). Kandungan nutrien di sedimen pada ekosistem padang lamun di Teluk Awur dan Pulau Panjang, Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 11(3), 420–428. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i3.32219
Stuart, C. E., Wedding, L. M., Pittman, S. J., Serafy, J. E., Moura, A., Bruckner, A. W., & Green, S. J. (2023). Seascape connectivity modeling predicts hotspots of fish-derived nutrient provisioning to restored coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 714, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14627
Sullivan, B. K., Keough, M., & Govers, L. L. (2022). Copper sulphate treatment induces Heterozostera seed germination and improves seedling growth rates. Global Ecology and Conservation, 35, e02079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02079
Sumbayak, J. E. W. S., Ambariyanto, A., & Widianingsih. (2023). Seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) restoration performance with two different methods (anchor and seed) in Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 15(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v15i1.35836
Tan, Y. M., Coleman, R. A., Biro, P. A., Dalby, O., Jackson, E. L., Govers, L. L., Heusinkveld, J. H. T., Macreadie, P. I., Flindt, M. R., Dewhurst, J., & Sherman, C. D. H. (2023). Developing seed- and shoot-based restoration approaches for the seagrass Zostera muelleri. Restoration Ecology, 31(5), e13902. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13902
Thangaradjou, T., & Kannan, L. (2008). Survival and growth of transplants of laboratory-raised axenic seedlings of Enhalus acoroides (L. f.) Royle and field-collected plants of Syringodium isoetifolium (Aschers.) Dandy, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers. and Halodule pinifolia (Miki) den Hartog. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 12, 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-008-0036-5
Thorhaug, A. (1974). Transplantation of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum König. Aquaculture, 4(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(74)90032-5
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Ucko, O. H., Arlé, E., Malamud, S., Winters, G., & Belmaker, J. (2024). Surprising widespread Cymodocea nodosa occurrence along Israel’s Mediterranean coast and implications for seagrass conservation in a hotspot of climate change. Mediterranean Marine Science, 25(2), 500–510. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.36597
Unsworth, R. K. F., Bertelli, C. M., Cullen-Unsworth, L. C., Esteban, N., Jones, B. L., Lilley, R., Lowe, C., Nuuttila, H. K., & Rees, S. C. (2019). Sowing the seeds of seagrass recovery using hessian bags. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00303
Unsworth, R. K. F., Jones, B. L. H., Coals, L., Furness, E., Inman, I., Rees, S. C., & Evans, A. J. (2024). Overcoming ecological feedbacks in seagrass restoration. Restoration Ecology, 32(4), e14101. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14101
van der Heide, T., Temmink, R. J. M., Fivash, G. S., Bouma, T. J., Boström, C., Didderen, K., Esteban, N., Gaeckle, J., Gagnon, K., Infantes, E., Unsworth, R., & Christianen, M. J. A. (2021). Coastal restoration success via emergent trait-mimicry is context dependent. Biological Conservation, 264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109373
van Katwijk, M. M., & Hermus, D. C. R. (2000). Effects of water dynamics on Zostera marina: Transplantation experiments in the intertidal Dutch Wadden Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 208, 107–118. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps208107
van Katwijk, M. M., Cronau, R. J. T., Lamers, L. P. M., Kamermans, P., van Tussenbroek, B. I., & de Jong, D. J. (2023). Salinity-induced extinction of Zostera marina in Lake Grevelingen? How strong habitat modification may require introduction of a suitable ecotype. Sustainability, 15(4), 3472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043472
Ventura, D., Mancini, G., Casoli, E., Pace, D. S., Lasinio, G. J., Belluscio, A., & Ardizzone, G. (2022). Seagrass restoration monitoring and shallow-water benthic habitat mapping through a photogrammetry-based protocol. Journal of Environmental Management, 304, 114262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114262
Villanueva, R., Thom, T., Visscher, J., Paul, M., & Schlurmann, T. (2022). Wake length of an artificial seagrass meadow: A study of shelter and its feasibility for restoration. Journal of Ecohydraulics, 7(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2021.1938256
WA Parks Foundation. (2021, January 27). Aboriginal knowledge assists seagrass restoration. WA Parks Foundation. https://www.parkstay.com.au/news/aboriginal-knowledge-assists-seagrass-restoration
Wang, L., English, M. K., Tomas, F., & Mueller, R. S. (2021). Recovery and community succession of the Zostera marina rhizobiome after transplantation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 87(3), e02326–20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02326-20
Wattimury, J. J., Souisa, A. L., Pasanea, K., & Lokollo, F. F. (2024). Pemetaan sebaran lamun di perairan pantai Negeri Suli–Tial, Pulau Ambon menggunakan citra Sentinel-2A. Journal of Coastal and Deep Sea, 2(2), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.30598/jcds.v2i2.15893
Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J. B., Orth, R. J., Dennison, W. C., Olyarnik, S., Calladine, A., Fourqurean, J. W., Heck, K. L., Hughes, A. R., Kendrick, G. A., Kenworthy, W. J., Short, F. T., & Williams, S. L. (2009). Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(30), 12377–12381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905620106
Williams, S. L., Ambo-Rappe, R., Sur, C., Abbott, J. M., & Limbong, S. R. (2017). Species richness accelerates marine ecosystem restoration in the Coral Triangle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(44), 11986–11991. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708535114
Wong, M. C., Vercaemer, B. M., & Griffiths, G. (2021). Response and recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina) to chronic and episodic light disturbance. Estuaries and Coasts, 44(2), 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00803-3
Wulandari, D., Riniatsih, I., & Yudiati, E. (2013). Transplantasi lamun Thalassia hemprichii dengan metode jangkar di perairan Teluk Awur dan Bandengan, Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 2(2), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v2i2.2347
Xu, S., Xu, S., Zhou, Y., Yue, S., Zhang, X., Gu, R., Zhang, Y., Qiao, Y., & Liu, M. (2021). Long-term changes in the unique and largest seagrass meadows in the Bohai Sea (China) using satellite (1974–2019) and sonar data: Implications for conservation and restoration. Remote Sensing, 13(5), 856. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050856
Yue, S., Zhang, X., Xu, S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, P., Wang, X., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Reproductive strategies of the seagrass Zostera japonica under different geographic conditions in northern China. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 574790. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.574790
Zhang, Y. S., Gittman, R. K., Donaher, S. E., Trackenberg, S. N., van der Heide, T., & Silliman, B. R. (2021). Inclusion of intra- and interspecific facilitation expands the theoretical framework for seagrass restoration. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, Article 645673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.645673
Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114562629
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhasanah Tika, Yasmin Fauziah, Azzahra Shinta Bilqis Nurfata, Eko Koesratmoko, Mufti Petala Patria, Denny Riama Silaban
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis i is an open-access journal, meaning that all content is freely available without charge to the user or their institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without needing to request prior permission from the publisher or the author.
All articles published by Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided proper credit is given to the original authors.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that the copyright of published manuscripts is retained by the authors. Copyright encompasses the exclusive rights of authors to reproduce, distribute, and sell any part of the journal articles in all forms and media. Reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases, and its transmission by any form or media is allowed without written permission from Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis.