Extraction optimization of eel (Anguilla bicolor) oil using reflux and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods
Optimasi ekstraksi minyak ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor) menggunakan metode refluks dan ekstraksi berbantuan gelombang ultrasonik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17844/99k84e70Keywords:
health benefit, oil extraction, omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, response surface methodologyAbstract
Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is a freshwater fish that contains polyunsaturated fatty acids including omega-3 fatty acids and making it a potential source for food enrichment. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for eel oil extraction using reflux and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods and to compare the efficiency of both techniques. A central composite design within response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction parameters. Reaction time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) and solvent-to-solid ratio (5:1, 10:1, and 15:1) were selected as independent variables, while oil yield was used as the response variable. RSM analysis revealed that both reaction time and solvent ratio significantly influenced oil yield (p<0.05). The UAE method produced a higher optimum yield (47.53%) than the reflux method (45.87%). The optimum extraction conditions for UAE were achieved at a solvent-to-solid ratio of 11.21:1 and 69.50 minutes, while the reflux extraction was optimized at 12.21:1 and 70.55 minutes. Replication of extractions confirmed consistent yields of 47.7% for UAE and 45.6% for reflux. Fatty acid analysis indicated that oil from reflux extraction contained 31.15% saturated and 68.38% unsaturated fatty acids, while UAE yielded 32.75% saturated and 66.76% unsaturated fatty acids. Although UAE was more efficient in terms of yield, time, and solvent use, the reflux method resulted eel oil with higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. This study proves that optimizing the extraction of both methods using RSM has produced eel oil with high yield and PUFAs content.
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