Physicochemical profile and bioactivity of oligo-ulvan from Ulva ohnoi seaweed depolymerized by different physical methods Profil fisikokimia dan bioaktivitas oligo-ulvan dari rumput laut <i>Ulva ohnoi</i> yang didepolimerisasi dengan berbagai metode
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antidiabetic, cell antiproliferative, microwave, ultrasonication, ultraviolet
Abstract
Ulva ohnoi is a fast-growing green seaweed with high biomass productivity but remains underutilized beyond food and agricultural uses. Their main bioactive compound, ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide, exhibits enhanced antioxidant and therapeutic activities when depolymerized into lower-molecular-weight forms. This study aimed to determine the effects of three physical depolymerization methods–ultrasound, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and microwaves–on the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of ulvan extracted from Ulva ohnoi. Ulvan was extracted using hot maceration at 90°C for 2 h. The extracted ulvan was subjected to three treatments: ultrasonication for 60, 120, and 180 min; UV exposure for 60, 120, and 180 min; and microwave irradiation for 5, 10, and 15 min. Each treatment was performed in triplicates using a completely randomized design. The resulting oligo-ulvan was analyzed for molecular weight, viscosity, and bioactivities, including antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), α-glucosidase inhibition, and antiproliferative effects on fibroblast cells. Among the treatments, ultrasonication for 180 min produced oligo-ulvan with the lowest viscosity (1.41±0.06 cP) and molecular weight (78.2±2.5 kDa), along with significantly improved antioxidant activity (IC₅₀: 303.33 ppm), α-glucosidase inhibition (IC₅₀: 111.63±1.47 ppm), and antiproliferative effects (45.73±7.83% at 125 μg/mL). These findings highlight ultrasound-assisted depolymerization as a promising and environmentally friendly method for enhancing the therapeutic potential of ulvan for biomedical applications.
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