Status Terkini Penyakit Tristeza Pada Tanaman Jeruk di Sulawesi Tenggara
Current Status of Citrus Tristeza Disease in Southeast Sulawesi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.21.1.28-37Kata Kunci:
citrus tristeza virus, closterovirus, DAS-ELISA, epidemiologi, RT-PCRAbstrak
Penyakit tristeza yang disebabkan oleh citrus tristeza virus (CTV, genus Closterovirus, famili Closteroviridae) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman jeruk di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Hingga kini, informasi dan studi terkait CTV di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status terkini infeksi CTV di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Survei dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling di empat kabupaten. Deteksi dan identifikasi virus dilakukan dengan teknik double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), dan analisis perunutan nukleotida. Hasil DAS-ELISA menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel dengan berbagai variasi gejala dari empat kabupaten terkonfirmasi positif terinfeksi CTV dengan nilai titer virus yang beragam. RT-PCR dengan primer spesifik berhasil mengonfirmasi keberadaan CTV dari semua sampel dengan teramplifikasinya DNA berukuran 630 pb. Analisis sekuen dan filogeni menunjukkan bahwa isolat CTV asal Sulawesi Tenggara memiliki kemiripan tertinggi (97.9%) dengan isolat CTV asal India (MT498411.1) dan mengelompok satu grup dengan isolat asal India (MT498411.1), Jepang (U56902.1), dan Cina (MZ692538.1). Hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi penyebaran CTV pada empat kabupaten di Sulawesi Tenggara. Data molekuler diharapkan menjadi basis data untuk studi epidemiologi molekuler dan strategi pengendalian penyakit tristeza di Indonesia.
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