Ketahanan Varietas Padi terhadap Nematoda Pucuk Putih Aphelenchoides besseyi
The Resistance of Rice Varieties Against White Tip Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.21.1.7-17Keywords:
disease intensity, namatode population, PBZ1 gene, resistance varieties, RT-PCR detectionAbstract
The Resistance of Rice Varieties Against White Tip Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi
White tip disease on rice caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi is considered as a new important disease and it had widely distributed in Indonesia. The utilizing of resistant varieties is one of the best methods to control A. besseyi. However, there is no information regarding the resistance of rice varieties to A. besseyi in Indonesia. Nine rice varieties were evaluated for their resistance response to A. besseyi by inoculating 500 nematode per plant. Nematode A. besseyi was infested at the anthesis phase by spraying the nematode suspension onto the panicles followed by observation on panicle length, number of grains, number of full and empty grains, weight of 100 full grains, number of nematodes and expression of the PBZ1 gene of rice. Expression of PBZ1 gene was conducted by one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a specific primer PBZ1F and PBZ1R. Based on yield parameters, A. besseyi population, and PBZ1 gene expression, the resistance response of rice varieties to A. besseyi infestation was differentiated into three categories, namely resistant (‘Ciherang’, ‘Utri Merah’, and ‘Utri Rajapan’), tolerant (‘Inpago 7’, ‘IPB 3S’, ‘Prima’, and ‘Situ Bagendit’) and susceptible (‘Inpara 3’ and ‘Inpara 4’). Aphelenchoides besseyi’s infestation induces PBZ1 gene expression in the tested varieties at different intensities depending on their level of resistance. ‘Ciherang’, ‘Inpago 7’, ‘Situ Bagendit’, ‘Utri Merah’, and’ ‘Utri Rajapan’ showed high PBZ1 gene intensity both before and after A. besseyi infestation. The high intensity PBZ1 gene expression before A. besseyi infestation showed that this varieties have a potential source of resistant to A. besseyi. Based on the results there is a correlation between the high expression of PBZ1 gene with the resistance of rice varieties to A. besseyi.
Downloads
References
Abràmoff MD, Magalhães PJ, Ram SJ. 2004. Image processing with ImageJ. Biophotonics international. 11(7):36–42.
Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Jwa NS. 2001. Differential induction of three pathogenesis-related genes, PR10, PR1b and PR5 by the ethylene generator ethephon under light and dark in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology. 158(1):133–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00186.
Agrios G. 2005. Plant Pathology. Ed. ke-5. Burlington (UK): Elsevier Academic Press.
Ahmad HU. 2017. Deteksi dan identifikasi nematoda terbawa benih padi Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie di Lampung [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Buchanan BB. 2015. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. Ed ke-2. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons.
Coyne D, Nicol JM, Claudius-Cole B. 2014. Practical Plant Nematology: A Field and Laboratory Guide. Ibadan (NG): International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
Diana DR, Supramana, Mutaqin KH, Kurniawati F. 2018. Distribusi nematoda pucuk putih padi Aphelenchoides besseyi di pulau Jawa. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 14(4):129–137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.4.129.
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Hortoriun LB. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus. 12:13–15.
Hagag ES, Tahoon AM, Elamawi RM. 2024. Aphelenchoides besseyi management: evaluation of rice variety resistance and control practices. Namatropica. 54:111–130.
Hapsari R, Susanto U, Satoto S. 2017. Varietas unggul padi tahan hawar daun bakteri: Perakitan dan penyebaran di sentra produksi. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 11(2):119–126.
Huang C, Huang S. 1972. Bionomics of white-tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi in rice florets and developing grains. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica. 13:1–10.
Imamah AN, Supramana S, Damayanti TA. 2020. In Vitro Cultivation of Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie on Fungal Cultures. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 24(1):43–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.42227.
[IRRI] International Rice Research Institute. 1994. A manual of rice seed health testing. Manila (PH): International Rice Research Institute.
Kim ST, Cho KS, Yu S, Kim SG, Hong JC, Han Cd, Bae DW, Nam MH, Kang KY. 2003. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins induced by rice blast fungus and elicitor in suspension‐cultured rice cells. Proteomics. 3(12):2368–2378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200300577.
Kurnianingsih R. 2008. Ekspresi gen PR1 dan PBZ1 yang terlibat dalam sistem toleransi tanaman padi terhadap penyakit blas (Isolat 173) [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Kurniawati F, Supramana S. 2016. Tingkat infestasi Aphelenchoides besseyi pada benih padi di Bogor. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 12(1):34–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.12.1.34.
Ladja FT, Widiarta IN. 2015. Varietas unggul baru padi untuk mengantisipasi ledakan penyakit tungro. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 7(1):18–24.
Liu WH, Lin MS, Li HM, Sun MJ. 2008. Dynamic development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on rice plant by artificial inoculation in the greenhouse. Agricultural Sciences in China. 7(8):970–976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60136-4.
Lubis N, Lisnawita, Safni I. 2020. The effect of the rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides bessey Christie, on the yield component of rice cultivars in a glasshouse condition. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 454:012178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012178
Luc M, Sikora RA, Bridge J. 2005. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. Wallingford (UK): CABI Publishing.
Nishizawa T. 1953. Studies on the varietal resistance of rice plant to the rice nematode disease “senchu shingare byo” (VI). Bulletin of the Kyushu Agricultural Experiment Station. 1(3):339–349.
Parida I, Damayanti TA, Giyanto G. 2016. Isolasi, seleksi, dan identifikasi bakteri endofit sebagai agens penginduksi ketahanan padi terhadap hawar daun bakteri. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 12(6):199–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.12.6.199.
Park J, Lee J. 1976. Varietal resistance of rice to the white-tipped nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi. International Rice Research Newsletter. 1(1):15.
Popova MB, Zelenskii G, Subbotin A. 1994. An assessment of resistance in cultivars of Oryza sativa L. to Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942. Russian Journal of Nematology. 2(1):41–44.
Rahman RM, Munif A, Kurniawati F. 2018. Deteksi dan identifikasi nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi dari benih padi. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 14(2):39–46.
Riyanto A, Widiatmoko T, Hartanto B. 2012. Korelasi antar komponen hasil dan hasil pada padi genotip F5 keturunan persilangan G39 X Ciherang. Di dalam: Pengembangan Sumber Daya Pedesaan dan Kearifan Lokal Berkelanjutan II. 2012 Nov 27-28. Purwokerto (ID): Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. hlm 8–12.
Sari L. 2008. Ekspresi gen penyandi Pathogenesis Related Protein (PR1 & PBZ1) pada padi indica yang terlibat dalam sistem toleransi terhadap penyakit blas isolat 001 [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Sun MJ, Liu WH, Lin MS. 2009. Effects of temperature, humidity and different rice growth stages on vertical migration of Aphelenchoides besseyi. Rice Science. 16(4):301–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60094-3.
Suswati S, Azwana A, Candra IA, Kurniawati F, Siregar KM. 2025. Morphological, molecular, and morphometric analysis of Aphelenchoides besseyi on organic rice (Oryza sativa) seeds in Beringin district, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia. Makara Journal of Science. 29(1):158–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v29i1.2335.
Togashi K, Hoshino S. 2001. Distribution pattern and mortality of the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), among rice seeds. Nematology. 3(1):17–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156854101300106847.
Tulek A, Kepenekci I, Ciftcigil TH, Surek H, Akin K, Kaya R. 2015. Reaction of some rice cultivars to the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, under field conditions in the Thrace region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 39:958–966.
Utama MZH, Haryoko W. 2009. Pengujian empat varietas padi unggul pada sawah gambut bukaan baru di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jurnal Akta Agrosia. 12(1):56–61.
Wahab M, Satoto, Rahmat R, Guswara A, Suharna. 2017. Deskripsi Varietas Unggul Baru Padi 2017. Badan Penelitian dan Penelitian Pertanian. Sukamandi (ID): Kementan.
Xie J, Yang F, Xu X, Peng Y, Ji H. 2022. Salicylic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene controbute to rice defence against white tip nematodes Aphelenchoides besseyi. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:755802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.755802.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
