Reproductive Performance and Physiological Responses in Awassi Ewes Under Intravaginal Sponges Application and Fed Selenium and Vitamin E
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of feeding selenium (Se) and vitamin E on the physiological and reproductive performance of 18 multiparous Awassi ewes through the breeding season. The ewes received three levels of oral selenium-vitamin E for 60 days until the study was completed. The experimental ewes were assigned into three groups; the control group (SE0) received 2 mL of sterile saline per head, the second group (SE1) received 1.5 mL/head Se and vitamin E (150 mg α-Tocopherol acetate + 0.15 mg Sodium selenite), while the third group (SE2) received 3 mL/head (150 mg α-Tocopherol acetate + 0.15 mg Sodium selenite). The SE1 and SE2 groups demonstrated significant highest (p<0.05) rate of conception and overall pregnancy. The study results showed the lambing rate in the SE2 group increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the other groups. All groups had low plasma progesterone levels on day 14, even though concentrations increased in SE0 and SE1, which had higher progesterone levels than SE2. SE1 had the highest estrogen concentration on day 16 compared to SE0 and SE2. On day 14, the SE0 group had a significantly lower ALT enzyme compared to the SE1 and SE2 groups. SE1 had significantly lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets (PLT) concentrations than the other two groups. Overall, the estrus synchronization program and the administration of Se and vitamin E resulted in a significant improvement in pregnancy and lambing rates among Awassi ewes. Physiological and reproductive potential of sheep can be increased by improving their diet throughout the period of reproduction by including Se and vitamin E.
References
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Awawdeh, M., A. Eljarah, & M. Ababneh. 2019. Multiple injections of vitamin E and selenium improved the reproductive performance of estrus-synchronized Awassi ewes. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 51:1421-1426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01826-0
Cabrera-Mora, J., L. Miranda-Jiménez, G. Herrera-Haro, & J. Osorio-Ávalos. 2019. Conception rates in ewes treated with organic selenium. Abanico Vet. 9:1-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2019.93
Cadena-Villegas, S., M. Arévalo-Díaz, J. Gallegos-Sánchez, & A. Hernández-Marín. 2018. Estrus synchronization in ewes with PGF2α and biostimulated with “male effect”. Abanico Vet. 8:94-105. https://doi.org/10.21929/abavet2018.83.7
Carvajal-Serna, M., J. A. Cardozo-Cerquera, H. A. Grajales-Lombana, A. Casao, & R. Pérez-Pe. 2021. Sperm behavior and response to melatonin under capacitating conditions in three sheep breeds subject to the equatorial photoperiod. Animals 11:1828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061828
Daghigh Kia, H., S. Saedi, & A. Hosseinkhani. 2019. Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation with vitamin e during the flushing period on reproductive performance of Ghezel ewes. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 9:433-441.
Faixova, Z., Š. Faix, Ľ. Leng, P. Vaczi, Z. Makova, & R. Szaboova. 2007. Haematological, blood and rumen chemistry changes in lambs following supplementation with Se-yeast. Acta Vet. Brno 76:3-8. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200776010003
Farahavar, A., Z. Rostami, D. Alipour, & A. Ahmadi. 2020. The effect of pre-breeding vitamin E and selenium injection on reproductive performance, antioxidant status, and progesterone concentration in estrus-synchronized Mehraban ewes. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 52:1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02183-8
Galbraith, M., W. Vorachek, C. Estill, P. Whanger, G. Bobe, T. Davis, & J. Hall. 2016. Rumen microorganisms decrease bioavailability of inorganic selenium supplements. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 171:338-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0560-8
Gonzalez-Rivas, P. A., G. R. Lean, M. Chambers, & J. Liu. 2023. A trace mineral injection before joining and lambing increases marking percentages and lamb weights on diverse farms in Victoria, Australia. Animals 13:178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010178
Hasani, N., M. Ebrahimi, B. Ghasemi-Panahi, & A. HosseinKhani. 2018. Evaluating reproductive performance of three estrus synchronization protocols in Ghezel ewes. Theriogenology 122:9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.005
Hashim, N. H. & M. Sembiring. 2013. Time of PMSG administration: Effect on progesterone and estradiol concentration in synchronized ewes. Biomed. Res. 24:7-12.
Khalili, M., M. Chamani, H. Amanlou, A. Nikkhah, A. A. Sadeghi, F. K. Dehkordi, M. Rafiei, & V. Shirani. 2019. The effect of feeding inorganic and organic selenium sources on the hematological blood parameters, reproduction and health of dairy cows in the transition period. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. 42:e45371. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.45371
Kumbhar, U. B., B. K. Charpe, & S. Kumar. 2021. Bovine embryonic mortality with special reference to mineral deficiency, heat stress and endocrine factors: A review. IInt. J. Stress Manag. 12:47-58. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2139a
Kuru, M., B. B. Kuru, C. Kacar, M. C. Demir, & N. Cetin. 2022. Effect of oestrus synchronization with different lengths of progesterone-impregnated sponges and equine chorionic gonadotropin on reproductive efficiency in Romanov ewes during the non-breeding season. Acta Vet. Brno 91:243-250. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202291030243
Kuru, M., O. Sogukpinar, M. Makav, & N. Cetin. 2017. Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73:479-482. https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.5758
Mansoor, A. R., I. D. Saleh, H. A. Dakheel, & H. Quarter. 2020. Effect of addition of melatonin to the intravaginal sponges on oxidative status and reproductive performance in Iraqi awassi ewes. Ann. Trop. Med. Public Health 23:120-127. https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.23218
Martinez-Ros, P., M. Lozano, F. Hernandez, A. Tirado, A. Rios-Abellan, M. C. López-Mendoza, & A. Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2018. Intravaginal device-type and treatment-length for ovine estrus synchronization modify vaginal mucus and microbiota and affect fertility. Animals 8:226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120226
Masters, D. G. 2018. Practical implications of mineral and vitamin imbalance in grazing sheep. Anim. Prod. Sci. 58:1438-1450. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17761
Mohammed, T., A. Majeed, & I. K. Alawiy. 2020. Effect of arginine and selenium with vitamine e on placenta of iraqi ewes. Plant Arch. 20:1859-1862.
Naikoo, M., A. Dhami, & A. Ramakrishnan. 2016. Effect of estrus synchronization on plasma progesterone profile and fertility response in postpartum suckled anestrous Kankrej cows. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50:460-465. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.11164
Netto, A. S., T. H. Silva, M. M. Martins, A. M. C. Vidal, M. S. Salles, L. C. R. Júnior, & M. A. Zanetti. 2022. Inclusion of sunflower oil, organic selenium, and vitamin e on milk production and composition, and blood parameters of lactating cows. Animals 12:1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151968
Novoselec, J., Ž. Klir Šalavardić, M. Đidara, M. Novoselec, R. Vuković, S. Ćavar, & Z. Antunović. 2022. The effect of maternal dietary selenium supplementation on blood antioxidant and metabolic status of ewes and their lambs. Antioxidants 11:1664. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091664
Özar, E., M. K. Sarıbay, A. M. Köse, & R. Sertkol. 2022. Effect of selenium, vitamin E, and β-carotene administration on fertility of synchronized Awassi ewes during non-breeding season. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 7:167-174. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1117948
Ozyurtlu, N., I. Kucukaslan, & Y. Cetin. 2010. Characterization of oestrous induction response, oestrous duration, fecundity and fertility in Awassi ewes during the non‐breeding season utilizing both CIDR and intravaginal sponge treatments. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 45:464-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01246.x
Saeed, O. A., R. T. Abdulghafoor, S. S. Al-Salmany, F. M. Ali, A. A. Samsudin, & E. K. Mahmood. 2023a. Effect of temperature on the physiological characteristics of Awassi and crossbred sheep. Journal Animal Behaviour Biometeorology 11:e2023031. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23031
Saeed, O. A., N. K. Ahmed, H. Alnori, & F. M. Ali. 2023b. Effects of heat stress on ruminant physiological changes in dry arid regions: A review. Large Animal Review 29:271-278.
Shareef, M. A., A. H. Essa, & O. A. Saeed. 2023. Estrus synchronization applications utilized in ruminant animals: A review. Anbar Journal Agricultural Sciences 21:419-427. https://doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2024.145165.1102
Silva, B., C. Bassetto, R. Shaw, A. Canavessi, & A. F. T. D. Amarante. 2012. Parasitism by Oestrus ovis: Influence of sheep breed and nematode infections. Vet. Parasitol. 186:437-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.007
Silva, R. O. d., R. P. M. d. Oliveira, A. F. Silva, F. F. d. Oliveira, J. P. F. Rufino, & M. L. M. d. Silva. 2020. Effect of different protocols for estrus synchronization on reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes under Amazon environmental conditions. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. 43:e48954. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48954
Soliman, E. 2015. Dose-response of vitamin E and selenium injection on growth performance, physiological and immune responses of Ossimi lambs. Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences(EJSGS) 10:1-14.
Sterndale, S., S. Broomfield, A. Currie, S. Hancock, G. Kearney, J. Lei, S. Liu, A. Lockwood, V. Scanlan, & G. Smith. 2018. Supplementation of Merino ewes with vitamin E plus selenium increases α-tocopherol and selenium concentrations in plasma of the lamb but does not improve their immune function. Animal 12:998-1006. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117002300
Swelum, A. A. A., I. M. Saadeldin, A. F. Moumen, M. Ali, H. Ba-Awadh, & A. N. Alowaimer. 2019. Effects of long-term controlled internal drug release reuse on reproductive performance, hormone profiles, and economic profit of sheep. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 48:e20180085. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180085
Tabbaa, M., M. Alnimer, M. Shboul, & H. Titi. 2018. Reproductive characteristics of Awassi ewes mated artificially or naturally to Jordanian or Syrian Awassi rams. Anim. Reprod. 5:23-29.
Talafha, A. Q. & M. M. Ababneh. 2011. Awassi sheep reproduction and milk production. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43:1319-1326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9858-5
van Rosmalen, L., R. Schepers, W. Hao, A. Przybylska-Piech, J. Herman, J. Stojak, J. Wójcik, L. Van de Zande, J. Searle, & R. Hut. 2022. Seasonal adaptation: Geographic photoperiod-temperature patterns explain genetic variation in the common vole Tsh receptor. Genes (Basel) 14:292. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020292
Wu, Y., C-p. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, & J-r. Sun. 2019. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of pomegranate peel polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 137:504-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.139
Xun, W., L. Shi, W. Yue, C. Zhang, Y. Ren, & Q. Liu. 2012. Effect of high-dose nano-selenium and selenium–yeast on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and purine derivatives in sheep. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 150:130-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9452-3
Yazlik, M. O., K. T. Olgac, H. E. Colakoglu, U. Kaya, M. M. Yildirim, & B. Bas. 2020. Effects of vitamin B-1, vitamin E and selenium on pregnancy and blood metabolites profile during non-breeding season and early prediction of pregnancy by thermographic monitoring in Merino ewes. Indian J. Anim. Res. 90:1368-1372. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111306
Ziaeis, N. 2015. Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on reproductive indices and biochemical metabolites in Raieni goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 43:426-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2014.980415
Ali, M. E., M. F. A. Abd-Elkariem, S. Fahmy, H. A. Hussein, M. Abdelrahman, & A. E. Ahmed. 2023. Dietary supplementation with different nano and organic selenium doses improves ovarian activity, fertility rate, and progesterone level in Ossimi ewes. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 22:651-659. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2023.2231946
Asín, J., G. A. Ramírez, M. A. Navarro, A. C. Nyaoke, E. E. Henderson, F. S. Mendonça, A. C. Nyaoke, E. E. Henderson, F. S. Mendonça, J. Molín, & F. A. Uzal. 2021. Nutritional wasting disorders in sheep. Animals 11:501. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020501
Awawdeh, M., A. Eljarah, & M. Ababneh. 2019. Multiple injections of vitamin E and selenium improved the reproductive performance of estrus-synchronized Awassi ewes. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 51:1421-1426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01826-0
Cabrera-Mora, J., L. Miranda-Jiménez, G. Herrera-Haro, & J. Osorio-Ávalos. 2019. Conception rates in ewes treated with organic selenium. Abanico Vet. 9:1-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2019.93
Cadena-Villegas, S., M. Arévalo-Díaz, J. Gallegos-Sánchez, & A. Hernández-Marín. 2018. Estrus synchronization in ewes with PGF2α and biostimulated with “male effect”. Abanico Vet. 8:94-105. https://doi.org/10.21929/abavet2018.83.7
Carvajal-Serna, M., J. A. Cardozo-Cerquera, H. A. Grajales-Lombana, A. Casao, & R. Pérez-Pe. 2021. Sperm behavior and response to melatonin under capacitating conditions in three sheep breeds subject to the equatorial photoperiod. Animals 11:1828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061828
Daghigh Kia, H., S. Saedi, & A. Hosseinkhani. 2019. Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation with vitamin e during the flushing period on reproductive performance of Ghezel ewes. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 9:433-441.
Faixova, Z., Š. Faix, Ľ. Leng, P. Vaczi, Z. Makova, & R. Szaboova. 2007. Haematological, blood and rumen chemistry changes in lambs following supplementation with Se-yeast. Acta Vet. Brno 76:3-8. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200776010003
Farahavar, A., Z. Rostami, D. Alipour, & A. Ahmadi. 2020. The effect of pre-breeding vitamin E and selenium injection on reproductive performance, antioxidant status, and progesterone concentration in estrus-synchronized Mehraban ewes. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 52:1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02183-8
Galbraith, M., W. Vorachek, C. Estill, P. Whanger, G. Bobe, T. Davis, & J. Hall. 2016. Rumen microorganisms decrease bioavailability of inorganic selenium supplements. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 171:338-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0560-8
Gonzalez-Rivas, P. A., G. R. Lean, M. Chambers, & J. Liu. 2023. A trace mineral injection before joining and lambing increases marking percentages and lamb weights on diverse farms in Victoria, Australia. Animals 13:178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010178
Hasani, N., M. Ebrahimi, B. Ghasemi-Panahi, & A. HosseinKhani. 2018. Evaluating reproductive performance of three estrus synchronization protocols in Ghezel ewes. Theriogenology 122:9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.005
Hashim, N. H. & M. Sembiring. 2013. Time of PMSG administration: Effect on progesterone and estradiol concentration in synchronized ewes. Biomed. Res. 24:7-12.
Khalili, M., M. Chamani, H. Amanlou, A. Nikkhah, A. A. Sadeghi, F. K. Dehkordi, M. Rafiei, & V. Shirani. 2019. The effect of feeding inorganic and organic selenium sources on the hematological blood parameters, reproduction and health of dairy cows in the transition period. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. 42:e45371. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.45371
Kumbhar, U. B., B. K. Charpe, & S. Kumar. 2021. Bovine embryonic mortality with special reference to mineral deficiency, heat stress and endocrine factors: A review. IInt. J. Stress Manag. 12:47-58. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2139a
Kuru, M., B. B. Kuru, C. Kacar, M. C. Demir, & N. Cetin. 2022. Effect of oestrus synchronization with different lengths of progesterone-impregnated sponges and equine chorionic gonadotropin on reproductive efficiency in Romanov ewes during the non-breeding season. Acta Vet. Brno 91:243-250. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202291030243
Kuru, M., O. Sogukpinar, M. Makav, & N. Cetin. 2017. Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73:479-482. https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.5758
Mansoor, A. R., I. D. Saleh, H. A. Dakheel, & H. Quarter. 2020. Effect of addition of melatonin to the intravaginal sponges on oxidative status and reproductive performance in Iraqi awassi ewes. Ann. Trop. Med. Public Health 23:120-127. https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.23218
Martinez-Ros, P., M. Lozano, F. Hernandez, A. Tirado, A. Rios-Abellan, M. C. López-Mendoza, & A. Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2018. Intravaginal device-type and treatment-length for ovine estrus synchronization modify vaginal mucus and microbiota and affect fertility. Animals 8:226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8120226
Masters, D. G. 2018. Practical implications of mineral and vitamin imbalance in grazing sheep. Anim. Prod. Sci. 58:1438-1450. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN17761
Mohammed, T., A. Majeed, & I. K. Alawiy. 2020. Effect of arginine and selenium with vitamine e on placenta of iraqi ewes. Plant Arch. 20:1859-1862.
Naikoo, M., A. Dhami, & A. Ramakrishnan. 2016. Effect of estrus synchronization on plasma progesterone profile and fertility response in postpartum suckled anestrous Kankrej cows. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50:460-465. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.11164
Netto, A. S., T. H. Silva, M. M. Martins, A. M. C. Vidal, M. S. Salles, L. C. R. Júnior, & M. A. Zanetti. 2022. Inclusion of sunflower oil, organic selenium, and vitamin e on milk production and composition, and blood parameters of lactating cows. Animals 12:1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151968
Novoselec, J., Ž. Klir Šalavardić, M. Đidara, M. Novoselec, R. Vuković, S. Ćavar, & Z. Antunović. 2022. The effect of maternal dietary selenium supplementation on blood antioxidant and metabolic status of ewes and their lambs. Antioxidants 11:1664. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091664
Özar, E., M. K. Sarıbay, A. M. Köse, & R. Sertkol. 2022. Effect of selenium, vitamin E, and β-carotene administration on fertility of synchronized Awassi ewes during non-breeding season. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 7:167-174. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1117948
Ozyurtlu, N., I. Kucukaslan, & Y. Cetin. 2010. Characterization of oestrous induction response, oestrous duration, fecundity and fertility in Awassi ewes during the non‐breeding season utilizing both CIDR and intravaginal sponge treatments. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 45:464-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01246.x
Saeed, O. A., R. T. Abdulghafoor, S. S. Al-Salmany, F. M. Ali, A. A. Samsudin, & E. K. Mahmood. 2023a. Effect of temperature on the physiological characteristics of Awassi and crossbred sheep. Journal Animal Behaviour Biometeorology 11:e2023031. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23031
Saeed, O. A., N. K. Ahmed, H. Alnori, & F. M. Ali. 2023b. Effects of heat stress on ruminant physiological changes in dry arid regions: A review. Large Animal Review 29:271-278.
Shareef, M. A., A. H. Essa, & O. A. Saeed. 2023. Estrus synchronization applications utilized in ruminant animals: A review. Anbar Journal Agricultural Sciences 21:419-427. https://doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2024.145165.1102
Silva, B., C. Bassetto, R. Shaw, A. Canavessi, & A. F. T. D. Amarante. 2012. Parasitism by Oestrus ovis: Influence of sheep breed and nematode infections. Vet. Parasitol. 186:437-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.007
Silva, R. O. d., R. P. M. d. Oliveira, A. F. Silva, F. F. d. Oliveira, J. P. F. Rufino, & M. L. M. d. Silva. 2020. Effect of different protocols for estrus synchronization on reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes under Amazon environmental conditions. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. 43:e48954. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48954
Soliman, E. 2015. Dose-response of vitamin E and selenium injection on growth performance, physiological and immune responses of Ossimi lambs. Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences(EJSGS) 10:1-14.
Sterndale, S., S. Broomfield, A. Currie, S. Hancock, G. Kearney, J. Lei, S. Liu, A. Lockwood, V. Scanlan, & G. Smith. 2018. Supplementation of Merino ewes with vitamin E plus selenium increases α-tocopherol and selenium concentrations in plasma of the lamb but does not improve their immune function. Animal 12:998-1006. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117002300
Swelum, A. A. A., I. M. Saadeldin, A. F. Moumen, M. Ali, H. Ba-Awadh, & A. N. Alowaimer. 2019. Effects of long-term controlled internal drug release reuse on reproductive performance, hormone profiles, and economic profit of sheep. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 48:e20180085. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180085
Tabbaa, M., M. Alnimer, M. Shboul, & H. Titi. 2018. Reproductive characteristics of Awassi ewes mated artificially or naturally to Jordanian or Syrian Awassi rams. Anim. Reprod. 5:23-29.
Talafha, A. Q. & M. M. Ababneh. 2011. Awassi sheep reproduction and milk production. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43:1319-1326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9858-5
van Rosmalen, L., R. Schepers, W. Hao, A. Przybylska-Piech, J. Herman, J. Stojak, J. Wójcik, L. Van de Zande, J. Searle, & R. Hut. 2022. Seasonal adaptation: Geographic photoperiod-temperature patterns explain genetic variation in the common vole Tsh receptor. Genes (Basel) 14:292. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020292
Wu, Y., C-p. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, & J-r. Sun. 2019. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of pomegranate peel polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 137:504-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.139
Xun, W., L. Shi, W. Yue, C. Zhang, Y. Ren, & Q. Liu. 2012. Effect of high-dose nano-selenium and selenium–yeast on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and purine derivatives in sheep. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 150:130-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9452-3
Yazlik, M. O., K. T. Olgac, H. E. Colakoglu, U. Kaya, M. M. Yildirim, & B. Bas. 2020. Effects of vitamin B-1, vitamin E and selenium on pregnancy and blood metabolites profile during non-breeding season and early prediction of pregnancy by thermographic monitoring in Merino ewes. Indian J. Anim. Res. 90:1368-1372. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111306
Ziaeis, N. 2015. Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on reproductive indices and biochemical metabolites in Raieni goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 43:426-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2014.980415
Authors
SaeedO. A., AhmedN. K., TahaM. M., Abedal-MajedM. A., AliF. M., & SamsudinA. A. (2024). Reproductive Performance and Physiological Responses in Awassi Ewes Under Intravaginal Sponges Application and Fed Selenium and Vitamin E. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 47(3), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2024.47.3.265
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