Dietary Supplementation of Spirulina platensis as a Substitute for Antibiotics in Arab Chicken (Gallus turcicus)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding Spirulina platensis to replace zinc bacitracin on performance, egg quality, blood profile, total gut bacteria, and liver histopathology of local indigenous Arab chicken (Gallus turcicus). One hundred and eight 28-week-old laying hens were distributed randomly to three treatments: T0 (control diet), T1 (T0 + 1% S. platensis), and T2 (T0 + 0.04% zinc bacitracin). The treatment was applied for 49 days. S. platensis and zinc bacitracin decreased feed intake (p<0.05), but the egg mass had no significant effect; this provides a good improvement in feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). S. platensis helped maintain persistent egg production (p<0.05). S. platensis and zinc bacitracin provided the best results on haugh unit (p<0.05). S. platensis increased the yolk score (p<0.05). Zinc bacitracin decreased erythrocytes (p<0.05) but was not significantly different from S. platensis. S. platensis and zinc bacitracin increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p<0.05). Blood chemical profile and total gut bacteria were not affected by the treatments. S. platensis was the best at maintaining liver’s health (p<0.05). This research concludes that S. platensis can efficiently optimize feed consumption, enhance performance, maintain egg quality, and protect the liver damage of Arab chicken. Therefore, S. platensis could be considered to replace the use of antibiotics.
References
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Ismail, F., K. Sherif, Y. Rizk, M. Hassan, A. Mekawy, & K. Mahrose. 2023. Dietary supplementation of spirulina and canthaxanthin boosts laying performance, lipid profile in blood and egg yolk, hatchability, and semen quality of chickens. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 107:650–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13729
Indra, G. K., Achmanu, & A. Nurgiartiningsih. 2013. Performance production of arab chicken (Gallus turcicus) based on feather color. Ternak Tropika 14:8–14.
Joya, M., O. Ashayerizadeh, & B. Dastar. 2021. Effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis and Bacillus subtilis PB6 on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and morphology, and serum parameters in broiler chickens. Anim. Prod. Sci. 61:390–398. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN20218
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Ma, W. Q., H. Z. Cheng, D. H. Zhao, J. Yang, S. B. Wang, H. Z. Wu, M. Y. Lu, L. Xu, & G. J. Liu. 2020. Effects of dietary Enteromorpha powder supplementation on productive performance, egg quality and antioxidant performance during the late laying period in Zi geese. Poult. Sci. 99:1062–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.003
Mariey, Y. A., H. R. Samak, H. Abou-Khashba, M. Sayed, & A. Abou-Zeid. 2014. Effect of using Spirulina platensis algae as feed additives for poultry diets: 2 productive performance of broiler. Egypt. Poult. Sci. 34:245–258.
Murmu, A. L., R. K. Verma, S. K. Yadav, S. Barik, S. K. Maurya, & S. Kumar. 2021. Effects of different meteorological variables on blood biochemical parametersin black Bengal goats. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 9:1887-1895. https://doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2021.v9.i1aa.8407
Nannoni, E., G. Martelli, M. Scozzoli, S. Belperio, G. Buonaiuto, N. I. Vannetti, E. Truzzi, E. Rossi, S. Benvenuti, & L. Sardi. 2023. Effects of lavender essential oil inhalation on the welfare and meat quality of fattening heavy pigs intended for parma ham production. Animals 13:2967. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182967
National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition. Washington, DC. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/2114
Omri, B., M. Amraoui, A. Tarek, M. Lucarini, A. Durazzo, N. Cicero, A. Santini, & M. Kamoun. 2019. Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) supplementation on laying hens’ performance: Eggs physical, chemical, and sensorial qualities. Foods 8:386. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8090386
Park, J. H., S. I. Lee, & I. H. Kim. 2018. Effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis on the growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and breast meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 97:2451–2459. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey093
Phoonsawat, K., K. Khachornsakkul, N. Ratnarathorn, C. S. Henry, & W. Dungchai, W. 2021. Distance-based paper device for a naked-eye albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio assay. ACS Sens. 6:3047-3055. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.1c01058
Puteri, N. I., Gushairiyanto, & Depison. 2020. Growth patterns, body weight, and mophometric of KUB chicken, Sentul chicken and Arab chicken. Bulletin Animal Science 44:67–72. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v44i3.57016
Rashidi, N., A. Khatibjoo, K. Taherpour, M. Akbari-Gharaei, & H. Shirzadi. 2020. Effects of licorice extract, probiotic, toxin binder and poultry litter biochar on performance, immune function, blood indices and liver histopathology of broilers exposed to aflatoxin-B1. Poult. Sci. 99:5896-5906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.034
Rey, A. I., A. de-Cara, A. Rebolé, & I. Arija. 2021. Short-term spirulina (Spirulina platensis) supplementation and laying hen strain effects on eggs’ lipid profile and stability. Animals 11:1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071944
Sadr, S., N. Lotfalizadeh, S. A. Ghafouri, M. Delrobaei, N. Komeili, & A. Hajjafari. 2023. Nanotechnology innovations for increasing the productivity of poultry and the prospective of nanobiosensors. Vet. Med. Sci. 9:2118-2131. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1193
Samreen, I. Ahmad, H. A. Malak, & H. H. Abulreesh. 2021. Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 27:101-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001
Sarker, M. S., K. Rafiq, M. M. Rahman, K. K. I. Khalil, M. S. Islam, & M. S. Islam. 2022. Effects of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on production, hematological parameters and lipid profile in layers. Agriculture Livestock Fisheries 9:49-55. https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i1.59535
Selim, S., E. Hussein, & R. Abou-Elkhair. 2018. Effect of Spirulina plantesis as a feed additive on laying performance, egg quality and hepatoprotective activity of laying hens. Eur. Poult. Sci. 82:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2018.227
Sharoud, M. N. M. 2015. Protective effect of spirulina against paracetamol-induced hepatic injury in rats. Journal Experimental Biology Agricultural 3:44–53. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=dc16e5d7009fd072ef7ebeab6a69d035f9cad76b
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Authors
HasnaN. A., WidiastutiE., AgusetyaningsihI., WulandariE. C., MurwaniR., YudiartiT., SartonoT. A., SugihartoS., & WahyuniH. I. (2024). Dietary Supplementation of Spirulina platensis as a Substitute for Antibiotics in Arab Chicken (Gallus turcicus). Tropical Animal Science Journal, 47(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2024.47.2.180
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