The Quality of Frozen Friesian Holstein Semen after Long-Term Storage
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is the long-term storage at very low temperatures in liquid nitrogen for future use. This study investigates the quality of frozen Friesian Holstein (FH) semen after long-term storage. Samples of FH semen stored for 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, and 1 years were collected from one of the national centers for artificial inseminations. Frozen semen was stored in containers with liquid nitrogen at -196 ᵒC in a room with a temperature of 20 ᵒC The variables used after thawing were sperm motility, viability, and abnormalities, as well as plasma membrane integrity (IPM) using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), eosin-nigrosine staining, and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test, respectively. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and expressed as mean ± SEM. The result showed no significant differences in sperm viability, abnormalities, and IPM. Furthermore, sperm motility was >40%, consistent with the Indonesian standard for frozen bovine semen. CASA analysis showed that all variables of the motility pattern have no significant difference, except linearity (LIN). The Lin of sperm was lower in frozen semen after one and five years than after 20 and 25 years of storage. The overall quality of semen after 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, and 1 years of storage met the standard and was suitable for artificial insemination.
References
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Nalley, W. M. M., T. S. A. Meidina, A. Kurnia, & R. I. Arifiantini. 2019. The addition of fish salmon omega-3 in tris egg yolk diluents on the quality of simmental bull frozen semen. Asian J. Agric. Biol. 7:467-473.
Oliveira, L. Z., R. P. de Arruda, A. F. C. de Andrade, E. C. C. Celeghini, P. D. Reeb, J. P. N. Martins, R. M. dos Santos, M. E. Beletti, R. F. G. Peres, & F. M. Monteiro. 2013. Assessment of in vitro sperm characteristics and their importance in the prediction of conception rate in a bovine timed-AI program. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 137:145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.01.010
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Ramírez-Reveco, A., J. L. Hernández, & P. Aros. 2016. Long-term Storing of Frozen Semen at 196 °C does not Affect the Post-thaw Sperm Quality of Bull Semen. Cryopreservation in Eukaryotes. IntechOpen, London. pp. 91-102. https://doi.org/10.5772/64948
Ratnawati, D., N. Isnaini, & T. Susilawati. 2017. Pemanfaatan CASA dalam observasi motilitas spermatozoa semen cair sapi madura dalam pengencer berbeda. Indones. J. Ilmu-ilmu Peternakan 27:80-95. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2017.027.01.07
Roca, J., I. Parrilla, M. A. Gil, C. Cuello, E. A. Martinez, & H. Rodriguez-Martinez. 2016. Non-viable sperm in the ejaculate: lethal escorts for contemporary viable sperm. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 169:24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.02.028
Rofeim, O., & B. R. Gilbert. 2005. Long‐term effects of cryopreservation on human spermatozoa. Fertil. Steril. 84:536–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.035
Santiago-Moreno, J. & E. Blesbois. 2022. Animal board invited review: Germplasm technologies for use with poultry. Animal 16:100475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100475
Santoso, Herdis, R. I. Arifiantini, A. Gunawan, & C. Sumantri. 2021. Characteristics and potential production of frozen semen of Pasundan bull. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 44:24-31. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.24
Sharma, M., M. Singh, S. Kapoor, & S. Jasial. 2012. Inter relationship between some routine semen evaluation parameters in Jersey X local hill cattle crossbred bulls. Open Vet. J. 2:26-31.
Sieme, H., H. Oldenhof, & W. F. Wolkers. 2015. Sperm membrane behaviour during cooling and cryopreservation. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 50:20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12594
Tanga, B. M., A. Y. Qamar, S. Raza, S. Bang, X. Fang, K. Yoon, & J. Cho. 2021. Semen evaluation: Methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment — A review. Anim. Biosci. 8:1253-1270. https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0072
Yao, Y., M. Qi, M. Lu, S. Wang, W. Li, & H. Han. 2012. Long-term cryopreservation had no adverse effect on viability of embryos and their offspring in sheep. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 136:42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.10.018
Agustinus & C. Pakpahan. 2020. Computer assisted sperm analysis: A Review. Indones Androl Biomed J. 1:60-66. https://doi.org/10.20473/iabj.v1i2.35
Arifiantini, R. I. 2012. Teknik Koleksi dan Evaluasi Semen pada Hewan. IPB Press, Bogor, Indonesia.
Broekhuijse, M. L., E. Sostaric, H. Feitsma, & B. M. Gadella. 2012. Application of computer assisted semen analysis to explain variations in pig fertility. J. Anim. Sci. 90:779–789. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4311
BSN. 2017. Semen Beku. Bagian 1: Sapi. SNI Nomor 4869-1. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Elliott, G. D., S. Wang, & B. Fuller. 2017. Cryoprotectants: A review of the actions and applications of cryoprotective solutes that modulate cell recovery from ultra-low temperatures. Cryobiology 76:74–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.004
Ducha, N., T. Susilawati, & S. Wahjuningsih. 2012. Ultrastructure and fertilizing ability of Limousin bull sperm after storage in CEP-2 extender with and without egg yolk. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 15: 979-985. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2012.979.985
Ferry, V. I. A. 2021. The role of sperm morphology standards in the laboratory assessment of bull fertility in Australia. Front. Vet. Sci. 8:672058. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.672058
Fuller, B. J. 2004. Cryoprotectants: The essential antifreezes to protect life in the frozen state. Cryo Lett. 25:375–388. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203647073
Germann A., Y. Oh, T. Schmidt, U. Schon, H. Zimmermann, & H. von Briesen. 2013. Temperature fluctuations during deep temperature cryopreservation reduce PBMC recovery, viability and T-cell function. Cryobiology 67:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.06.012
Gillan, L., T. Kroetsch, W. C. Maxwell, & G. Evans. 2008. Assessment of in vitro sperm characteristics in relation to fertility in dairy bulls. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 103:201-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.12.010
Getreu, N. & B. Fuller. 2019. Stopping the biological clock merging biology and cryogenics in applied cryobiology. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 502:012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/502/1/012003
Halvaei, I., A. Nabi, S. Ghazali, M. A. Khalili, & L. Johansson. 2016. The quality of sperm preparation medium affects the motility, viability, and DNA integrity of human spermatozoa. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci. 9:254–258. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.197691
Haugan, T., Y. T. Gröhn, E. Kommisrud, E. Ropstad, & O. Reksen. 2007. Effects of sperm concentration at semen collection and storage period of frozen semen on dairy cow conception. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 97:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.12.010
Hinting, A. & A. Agustinus. 2020. Recent updates of sperm cryopreservation technique: A literature review. IJBS. 14: 92-98 https://doi.org/10.15562/ijbs.v14i2.230
Indriastuti, R., M. F. Ulum, R. I. Arifiantini, & B. Purwantara. 2020. Individual variation in fresh and frozen semen of Bali bulls (Bos sondaicus). Vet World. 13:840-846. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.840-846
Khalil, W. A., M. A. El-Harair, A. L. B. Zeidan, M. A. E. Hassan, & O. Mohey-Elsaeed. 2018. Evaluation of bull spermatozoa during and after cryopreservation: Structural and ultrastructural insights. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med. 6:S49-S56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.11.001
Kementan (Kementerian Pertanian). 2016. Surat Keputusan Mentri Pertanian Nomor 10/Permentan/PK.210/3/2016 Tentang Penyediaan dan Peredaran Semen Beku Ruminansia. Kementrian Pertanian, Jakarta.
Leibo, S., M. Semple, & T. Kroetsch. 1994. In vitro fertilization of oocytes by 37-year-old cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Theriogenology 42:1257-1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(94)90245-E
Liu, Q., Y. Lian, J. Huang, X. Ren, M. Li, S. Lin, P. Liu, & J. Qiao. 2014. The safety of long-term cryopreservation on slow-frozen early cleavage human embryos. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 31:471-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-014-0197-0
Malik, A., M. Laily, & M. I. Zakir. 2015. Effects of long-term storage of semen in liquid nitrogen on the viability, motility and abnormality of frozen thawed Frisian Holstein bull spermatozoa. Asian Pacific J. Reprod. 4:22-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2305-0500(14)60052-X
Massanyi, P., P. Chrenek, N. Lukac, A. V. Makarevich, A. Ostro, J. Zivcak, & J. Bulla. 2008. Comparison of different evaluation chambers for analysis of rabbit spermatozoa motility parameters using CASA system. Slovak J. Anim Sci. 41:60-66.
Maulana, T., F. Afiati, M. Gunawan, & E. M. Kaiin. 2021. Kinematics motility of friesian-holstein sperm sexing in l-ascorbic acid treatments. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 762:012081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/762/1/012081
Murphy, E. M., C. O’Meara, B. Eivers, P. Onergan, & S. Fair. 2018. Comparison of plat-and egg yolk-based semen diluents on in vitro sperm kinematics and in vivo fertility of frozen-thawed bull semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 191:70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.010
Nagata, M. B., J. Egashira, N. Katafuchi, K. Endo, K. Ogata, K. Yamanaka, T. Yamanouchi, H. Matsuda, Y. Hashiyada, & K. Yamashita. 2019. Bovine sperm selection procedure prior to cryopreservation for improvement of post-thawed semen quality and fertility. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 10:91 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0395-9
Nagy, Á., T. Polichronopoulos, A. Gáspárdy, L. Solti, & S. Cseh. 2015. Correlation between bull fertility and sperm cell velocity parameters generated by computer-assisted semen analysis. Acta Vet. Hung. 63:370-81. https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2015.035
Nalley, W. M. M., T. S. A. Meidina, A. Kurnia, & R. I. Arifiantini. 2019. The addition of fish salmon omega-3 in tris egg yolk diluents on the quality of simmental bull frozen semen. Asian J. Agric. Biol. 7:467-473.
Oliveira, L. Z., R. P. de Arruda, A. F. C. de Andrade, E. C. C. Celeghini, P. D. Reeb, J. P. N. Martins, R. M. dos Santos, M. E. Beletti, R. F. G. Peres, & F. M. Monteiro. 2013. Assessment of in vitro sperm characteristics and their importance in the prediction of conception rate in a bovine timed-AI program. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 137:145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.01.010
Pardede, B. P., A. Muhammad, Y. Yudi, & Supriatna I. 2020. Relationship of frozen-thawed semen quality with the fertility rate after being distributed in the Brahman Cross Breeding Program. Vet. World. 13:2649-2657. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2649-2657
Purwantara, B., R. I. Arifiantini, & M. Riyadhi. 2010. Sperm morphological assessments of Friesian Holstein bull semen collected from three artificial insemination centers in Indonesia. J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric. 35:90-94. https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.35.2.90-94
Raafi, M., M. Yusuf, A. L. Toleng, A. M. Diansyah, Surahman, & Sahiruddin. 2021. Movement patterns of sperms at different bull breeds using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 788:012137. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/788/1/012137
Ramírez-Reveco, A., J. L. Hernández, & P. Aros. 2016. Long-term Storing of Frozen Semen at 196 °C does not Affect the Post-thaw Sperm Quality of Bull Semen. Cryopreservation in Eukaryotes. IntechOpen, London. pp. 91-102. https://doi.org/10.5772/64948
Ratnawati, D., N. Isnaini, & T. Susilawati. 2017. Pemanfaatan CASA dalam observasi motilitas spermatozoa semen cair sapi madura dalam pengencer berbeda. Indones. J. Ilmu-ilmu Peternakan 27:80-95. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2017.027.01.07
Roca, J., I. Parrilla, M. A. Gil, C. Cuello, E. A. Martinez, & H. Rodriguez-Martinez. 2016. Non-viable sperm in the ejaculate: lethal escorts for contemporary viable sperm. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 169:24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.02.028
Rofeim, O., & B. R. Gilbert. 2005. Long‐term effects of cryopreservation on human spermatozoa. Fertil. Steril. 84:536–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.035
Santiago-Moreno, J. & E. Blesbois. 2022. Animal board invited review: Germplasm technologies for use with poultry. Animal 16:100475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100475
Santoso, Herdis, R. I. Arifiantini, A. Gunawan, & C. Sumantri. 2021. Characteristics and potential production of frozen semen of Pasundan bull. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 44:24-31. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.1.24
Sharma, M., M. Singh, S. Kapoor, & S. Jasial. 2012. Inter relationship between some routine semen evaluation parameters in Jersey X local hill cattle crossbred bulls. Open Vet. J. 2:26-31.
Sieme, H., H. Oldenhof, & W. F. Wolkers. 2015. Sperm membrane behaviour during cooling and cryopreservation. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 50:20-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12594
Tanga, B. M., A. Y. Qamar, S. Raza, S. Bang, X. Fang, K. Yoon, & J. Cho. 2021. Semen evaluation: Methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment — A review. Anim. Biosci. 8:1253-1270. https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0072
Yao, Y., M. Qi, M. Lu, S. Wang, W. Li, & H. Han. 2012. Long-term cryopreservation had no adverse effect on viability of embryos and their offspring in sheep. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 136:42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.10.018
Authors
BahmidN. A., KarjaN. W. K., & ArifiantiniR. I. (2023). The Quality of Frozen Friesian Holstein Semen after Long-Term Storage. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 46(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2023.46.1.13
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