Forage-Yield and Nutrient Quality of New Brown Midrib (BMR) Mutant Lines of Sorghum
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility of new BMR mutant lines of sorghum in Indonesia. These mutant lines were GH2.1, GH2.2, GH2.3, GH4.1, GH4.2, GH4.3 and GH4.4. One sorghum mutant line (CTY) and two national sorghum varieties (Super 1 and Bioguma) were also evaluated as controls. In vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation were measured using Ankom Daisy Fermenter and Hohenheim gas test methods, respectively. In vitro measurement consisted of ten treatments with five replications following a completely randomized design. The highest stem sugar content was found in Bioguma (11.22%) and GH4.4 (9.32%) (p<0.05). The Bioguma variety and the GH2.3 mutant line had a higher number of stem segments and fresh forage yield than the Super 1 variety (p<0.05). A greater concentration of crude protein (CP) was observed for the GH.2.1, GH2.2, GH2.3 and GH4.1 lines (p<0.05). The GH2.3 mutant line had the lowest acid detergent lignin (ADL) content (p<0.05), while Bioguma had the highest level of non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) compounds (p<0.05). The highest relative feed value (RFV) was observed for the GH2.3 line (p<0.05). Furthermore, GH4.2 and GH2.3 had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) (p<0.05) but were not significantly different from Bioguma. Regarding yield characteristics, nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility values, the highest values were found in the Bioguma variety and the GH2.3 mutant line. Except for n-valerate (nC5), significant differences in all rumen fermentation parameters were observed among sorghum cultivars (p<0.05). Regarding the interrelationship between parameters, we found a medium correlation of DMD with the ADL and cellulose content of sorghum forage (R2 = -0.489 and R2 = -0.674, respectively). Based on these findings, the GH2.3 BMR mutant line should be further developed as forage sorghum.
References
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Basaran, U., M. C. Dogrusoz, E. Gulumser, & H. Mut. 2017. Hay yield and quality of intercropped sorghum-sudan grass hybrid and legumes with different seed ratio. Turkish Journal Field Crops 22:47–53. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.301834
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Jayanegara, A., A. Sofyan, H. P. S. Makkar, & K. Becker. 2009. Kinetika produksi gas, kecernaan bahan organik dan produksi gas metana in vitro pada hay dan jerami yang disuplementasi hijauan mengandung tanin. Med. Pet. 32:120–129.
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Kondo, M., M. Yoshida, M. Loresco, R. M. Lapitan, J. R. V. Herrera, A. N. D. Barrio, Y. Uyeno, H. Matsui, & T. Fujihara. 2015. Nutrient contents and in vitro ruminal fermentation of tropical grasses harvested in wet season in the Philippines. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3:694–699. https://doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.12.694.699
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Miron, J., E. Zuckerman, D. Sadeh, G. Adin, M. Nikbachat, E. Yosef, D. Ben-Ghedalia, A. Carmi, T. Kipnis, & R. Solomon. 2005. Yield, composition and in vitro digestibility of new forage sorghum varieties and their ensilage characteristics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 120:17–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.01.008
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Puteri, R. E., P. D. M. H. Karti, L. Abdullah, & Supriyanto. 2015. Productivity and nutrient quality of some sorghum mutant lines at different cutting ages. Med. Pet. 38:132–137. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.2.132
Qu, H., X. B. Liu, C. F. Dong, X. Y. Lu, & Y. X. Shen. 2014. Field performance and nutritive value of sweet sorghum in eastern China. Field Crops Res. 157:84–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.010
Raju, J., J. Narasimha, N. N. Kumari, T. Raghunanadan, V. C. Preetam, A. A. Kumar, & P. R. Reddy. 2021. Effect of complete diets containing different dual-purpose sorghum stovers on nutrient utilization and growth performance in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 201:106413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106413
Rao, P. S., S. Deshpande, M. Blummel, B. Reddy, & C. Hash. 2012. Characterization of brown midrib mutants of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The European Journal Plant Science and Biotechnology 6:71–75.
Rohweder, D. A., R. F. Barnes, & N. Jorgensen. 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. J. Anim. Sci. 47:747–759. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1978.473747x
Sajimin, S., N. D. Purwantari, S. Sarjiman, & Sihono S. 2017. Evaluation on performance of some Sorghum bicolor cultivars as forage resources in the dry land with dry climate. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22:135–143. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i3.1611
Sánchez-Duarte, J. I., K. F. Kalscheur, A. D. García, & F. Contreras-Govea. 2019. Short communication: Meta-analysis of dairy cows fed conventional sorghum or corn silages compared with brown midrib sorghum silage. J. Dairy Sci. 102:419–425. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14552
Sattler, S. E., A. Saballos, Z. Xin, D. L. Funnell-harris, W. Vermerris, & J. F. Pedersen. 2015. Characterization of novel sorghum brown midrib mutants from an EMS-Mutagenized population. Agronomy & Horticulture 898:2116-2124. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.014001
Scully, E. D., T. Gries, D. L. Funnell-harris, Z. Xin, F. A. Kovacs, W. Vermerris, & S. E. Sattler. 2016. Characterization of novel Brown midrib 6 mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis in sorghum. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 58:136–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12375
Silungwe, D. 2011. Evaluation of forage yield and quality of sorghum, sudangrass and pearl millet cultivars in Manawatu. Master Thesis. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Sondakh, E. H. B., M. R. Waani, & J. A. D. Kalele. 2017. Changes in in vitro methane production and fatty acid profiles in response to cakalang fish oil supplementation. Med. Pet. 40:188–193. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2017.40.3.188
Sriagtula, R., P. D. M. H. Karti, L. Abdullah, Supriyanto, D. A. Astuti, & Zurmiati. 2021. Nutrients, fiber fraction, and in vitro fiber digestibility of brown-midrib sorghum mutant lines affected by the maturity stages. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 44:297–306. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.3.297
Sriagtula, R., S. Sowmen, & Q. Aini. 2019. Growth and productivity of brown midrib sorghum mutant line Patir 3.7 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 42:209–214. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.3.209
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Authors
WahyonoT., IndriatamaW. M., SasongkoW. T., ShafiraE. N., HidayatT. F., WidodoS., WidiawatiY., RofiqM. N., AnggraenyY. N., KurniawatiA., & Dasumiati. (2023). Forage-Yield and Nutrient Quality of New Brown Midrib (BMR) Mutant Lines of Sorghum. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 46(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2023.46.1.63
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