Post-Thaw Characteristics of the Simmental Sperm Function in Different Ages of Bulls
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the age difference of Simmental bulls on motion characteristics, capacitation status, and DNA fragmentation of post-thawing sperms. The frozen semen used was collected from twelve bulls, which were divided into four groups of age, which include a group of two, four, ≥ 10 years old with high semen rejection (≥ 10 HR), and ≥ 10 years old with low semen rejection (≥ 10 LR). Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was used to determine sperm motion characteristics, capacitation status by chlortetracycline (CTC) staining, plasma membrane integrity, and viability using eosin-nigrosine staining. In contrast, the DNA fragmentation index was determined using the Sperm-Bos-halomax kit. The results showed that the four year old group had a higher total and progressive motility percentage than the others (p<0.05). In all groups, there was no significant difference among sperm kinematics such as VAP, VSL, VCL, STR, and ALH. However, the LIN, WOB, and BCF of the ≥ 10 HR year old groups were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of the other groups. However, un-capacitated sperm was higher (p<0.05) in the two years and four years old groups compared to the ≥ 10 years old, while the four years old group had lower capacitated and acrosome-reacted (p<0.05) than the other groups. Furthermore, the sperm membrane integrity, viability, and DNA fragmentation index of the ≥ 10 years old groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the other groups. The research concludes that aging in the Simmental bull affects motion characteristics, capacitation status, and DNA fragmentation of post-thawing sperm. However, the semen rejection rate in the older bull did not directly affect the post-thawing sperm quality.
References
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Fernandez, J. L., L. Muriel, M. T. Rivero, V. Goyanes, R. Vazquez, & J. G. Alvarez. 2003. The sperm chromatin dispersion test: A simple method for the determination of sperm DNA fragmentation. J. Androl. 24:59-66.
Fraser, L. R., L. R. Abeydeera, & K. Niwa. 1995. Ca2+ regulating mechanisms that modulate bull sperm capacitation and acrosomal exocytosis as determined by chlortetracycline analysis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 40:233-241. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400213
Fuente-Lara, A., A. Hesser, B. Christensen, K. Gonzales, & S. Meyers. 2019. Effects from aging on semen quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen in Labrador Retrievers. Theriogenology 132:164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.013
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Hallap, T., M. Haard, U. Jaakma, B. Larsson, & H. Rodriguez-Martinez. 2004. Variations in quality of frozen–thawed semen from Swedish red and white AI sires at 1 and 4 years of age. Int. J. Androl. 27:166-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2004.00470.x
Jiang, H., W-J. Zhu, J. Li, Q-J. Chen, W-B. Liang, & Y-Q. Gu. 2013. Quantitative histological analysis and ultrastructure of the aging human testis. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 46:879-885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-013-0610-0
Jin, S-K. & W-X. Yang. 2017. Factors and pathways involved in capacitation: How are they regulated?. Oncotarget 8:3600-3627. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12274
Johnson, L., J. S. Grumbles, A. Bagheri, & C. S. Petty. 1990. Increased germ cell degeneration during postprophase of meiosis is related to increase serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration and reduce daily sperm production in aged men. Biol. Reprod. 42:281-287. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod42.2.281
Kathiravan, P., J. Kalatharan, G. Karthikeya, K. Rengarajan, & G. Kadirvel. 2011. Objective sperm motion analysis to assess dairy bull fertility using computer-aided system: A review. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 46:165-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01603.x
Kipper, B. H., J. T. Trevizan, J. T. Carreira, I. R. Carvalho, G. Z. Mingoti, M. E. Beletti, S. H. V. Perri, D. A. Franciscato, J. C. Pierucci, & M. B. de Koivisto. 2016. Sperm morphometry and chromatin condensation in Nelore bulls of different ages and their effects on in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 87:154-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.017
Magdanz, V., S. Boryshpolets, C. Ridzewski, B. Eckel, & K. Reinhardt. 2019. The motility-based swim-up technique separates bull sperm based on differences in metabolic rates and tail length. PLoS ONE 14:e0223576. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223576
Moraes, C. R. & S. Meyers. 2018. The sperm mitochondrion: organelle of many functions. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 194:71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.024
Nagata, M. P. B., J. Egashira, N. Katafuchi, K. Endo, K. Ogata, K. Yamanaka, T. Yamanouchi, H. Matsuda, Y. Hashiyada, & K. Yamashita. 2019. Bovine sperm selection procedure prior to cryopreservation for improvement of post-thawed semen quality and fertility. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 10:91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0395-9
Oberoi, S. L. B., S. V. A. S. Kumar, & C. P. Talwar. 2014. Study of human sperm motility post cryopreservation. Med. J. Armed Forces India. 70:349-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2014.09.006
Oliveira, L. Z., R. P. de Arruda, A. F. C. de Andrade, E. C. C. Celeghini, P. D. Reeb, J. P. N. Martins, R. M. dos Santos, M. E. Beletti, R. F. G. Peres, F. M. Monteiro, & V. F. M. H. de Lima. 2013. Assessment of in vitro sperm characteristics and their importance in the prediction of conception rate in a bovine timed-AI program. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 137:145-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.01.010
Ostermeier, G. C., C. Cardona, M. A. Moody, A. J. Simpson, R. Mendoza, E. Seaman, & A. J. Travis. 2018. Timing of sperm capacitation varies reproducibly among men. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 85:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.22972
Ozkosem, B., S. I. Feinstein, A. B. Fisher, & O’Flaherty. 2015. Advancing age increases sperm chromatin damage and impairs fertility in peroxiredoxin 6 null mice. Redox Biology 5:15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.02.004
Park, Y-J., W-S. Kwon, S-A. Oh, & M-G. Pang. 2012. Fertility-related proteomic profiling bull spermatozoa separated by percoll. J. Proteome. Res. 11:4162-4168. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr300248s
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Authors
SatrioF. A., KarjaN. W. K., SetiadiM. A., KaiinE. M., GunawanM., & PurwantaraB. (2022). Post-Thaw Characteristics of the Simmental Sperm Function in Different Ages of Bulls. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 45(4), 381-388. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2022.45.4.381
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