A Typological Analysis of Dairy Farms Based on Bulk Milk Price

V. D. V. Costa, R. R. Martinelli, F. I. Bánkuti

Abstract

This study sought to examine the relationship between typological characteristics of dairy farms and the price received per liter of bulk milk in transactions with processing companies. During a period from January to March 2018, a total of 143 dairy farmers in western São Paulo State were interviewed on-site using a semi-structured questionnaire containing questions regarding structural, productive, and socioeconomic characteristics of farms and farm operators. Dairy farms were classified into two groups: G1 (n= 129), farms paid below the regional average price per liter of milk; and G2 (n= 14), farms paid above the regional average price per liter of milk. Then, factor analysis was used to extract factors associated with each dairy farm group. Three factors were identified: F1, Milk volume and quality; F2, Road conditions; and F3, Production area. Mean factor scores were compared by the Mann–Whitney U-test (p<0.05). G1 and G2 dairy farms differed significantly in Milk volume and quality (F1). There were no significant differences between G1 and G2 for the other factors. Dairy farms that produced a greater volume of milk and invested more in milk quality secured better prices in transactions with the industry. Based on these findings, it is concluded that actions to increase the scale of production and improve milk quality should be regarded as a priority, thereby increasing the likelihood that dairy farms will remain in business in the long term.

References

Bánkuti, F. I. & M. M. Caldas. 2018. Geographical milk redistribution in Paraná State, Brazil : consequences of institutional and market changes. J. Rural Stud. 64:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.10.004
Bánkuti, I. F., J. C. Damasceno, S. M. Schiavi, K. C. Kuwaraha, & R. C. Prizon. 2018. Structural features, labor conditions and family succession in dairy production systems in Paraná State, Brazil. Cahiers Agricultures 27:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018028s
Bánkuti, F. I., R. C. Prizon, J. C. Damasceno, M. M. Brito, M. S. S. Pozza, & P. G. L. Lima. 2020. Farmers’ actions toward sustainability: A typology of dairy farms according to sustainability indicators. Animal 14:417–423. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731120000750
Brasil. 2002. Instrução Normativa No 51. Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA.
Brasil. 2011. Instrução Normativa N.62. Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA.
Brasil. 2018. Instrução Normativa No 76. Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA.
Brito, M. M., F. I. Bánkuti, S. M. S. Bánkuti, M. C. M. Ferreira, J. C. Damasceno, G. T. Santos, & M. A. Zambom. 2015a. Horizontal arrangements: strategy for reducing the asymmetry information for dairy farmers in Paraná, Brazil. Cienc. Rural. 45:2069–2075. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141724
Brito, M. M., F. I. Bánkuti, S. M. S. Bánkuti, G. T. Santos, J. C. Damasceno, & E. M. Massuda. 2015b. Horizontal arrangements and competitiveness of small-scale dairy farmers in Paraná, Brazil. International Food and Agribusiness Management Association 18:155.
Caria, M., G. Todde, & A. Pazzona. 2018. Modelling the collection and delivery of sheep milk: A tool to optimise the logistics costs of cheese factories. Agriculture 8:5. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8010005
Casali, M., B. S. Mendonça, M. M. Brito, M. G. R. Santos, P. G. L. Lima, T. T. S. Siqueira, J. C. Damasceno, & F. I. Bánkuti. 2020. Information asymmetry among dairy producers in Paraná, Brazil. Semin. Cienc. Agrar. 41:293–304. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p295
CEPEA. 2017. Preço do leite em 2017. https://www.cepea.esalq.usp.br/br/consultas-ao-banco-de-dados-do-site.aspx. [21 November 2020].
Connell, A. O., P. L. Ruegg, K. Jordan, B. O. Brien, & D. Gleeson. 2016. The effect of storage temperature and duration on the microbial quality of bulk tank milk. J. Dairy Sci. 99:3367–3374. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10495
Defante, L. J. C. Damasceno, F. I. Bánkuti, & C. E. C. O Ramos. 2019. Typology of dairy production systems that meet Brazilian standards for milk quality. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 48:e20180023. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180023
Edwards, J. P., O. K. Spaans, M. Neal, & K. A. Macdonald. 2019. Milk fat payment affects the relative profitability of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows at optimal comparative stocking rate. J. Dairy Sci. 102:9463-9467. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-16152
FAO. 2021. Collection and Transport. Gateway to Dairy Production and Products. Rome, Italy.
Field, A. 2020. Descobrindo a Estatística Usando o SPSS 5nd Edn. Penso, 1072 p.
Gazola, M. G., F. I. Bánkuti, M. M. Brito, R. C. Prizon, K. C. Kuwahara, M. S. S. Pozza, & J. C. Damasceno. 2018. Development and application of a sustainability assessment model for dairy production systems. Semin. Cienc. Agrar. 39:2685–2702. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2685
Gelasakis, A. I., G. Rose, R. Giannakou, G. E. Valergakis, A. Theodoridis, P. Fortomaris, & G. Arsenos. 2017. Typology and characteristics of dairy goat production systems in Greece. Livest. Sci. 197:22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.01.003
Gonçalves, A. C. S., L. C. Roma Júnior, M. I. Fonseca, B. V. Nadruz, K. P. Bürger, & G. A. M. Rossi. 2014. Assistência técnica e extensão rural: sua importância para a melhoria da produção leiteira. Relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal 8:47–61.
Hair, J. F., W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, R. E. Anderson & R. L. Tatham. 2009. Análise Multivariada de Dados. In: ______. (Org.). Análise Fatorial. 6ª Ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2009. p. 100-146.
IBGE. 2018. Instituto Brasileiro de Geográfia e Estatística. Censo Agropecuário 2017.
IBGE. 2021. Pesquisa Trimestral do Leite. Pesquisa Trimestral do Leite.
Ibidhi, R., A. Frija, J. Mohamed, & H. B. Salem. 2018. Typology analysis of sheep production, feeding systems and farmers strategies for livestock watering in Tunisia. Small Rumin. Res. 160:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.010
Ingham, S. C., Y. Hu, & C. Ané. 2011. Comparison of bulk-tank standard plate count and somatic cell count for Wisconsin dairy farms in three size categories. J. Dairy Sci. 94:4237-4241. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4310
Klopčič, M., A. Kuipers, A. Malak-Rawlikowska, A. Stalgiene, A. Ule, & K. Erjavec. 2019. Dairy farmers’ strategies in four European countries before and after abolition of the milk quota. Land Use Policy 88:104169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104169
Lahrichi, N., T. G. Crainic, M. Gendreau, W. Rei, & L. M. Rousseau. 2015. Strategic analysis of the dairy transportation problem. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 66:44–56. https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.2013.147
MDA. 2020. Agricultura familiar do Brasil é 8ª maior produtora de alimentos do mundo. Secretaria Especial de Agricultura Familiar e do Desenvolvimento Agrário. http://www.mda.gov.br/sitemda/noticias/agricultura-familiardobrasil%C3%A9-8%C2%AA-maior-produtora-de-alimentos-do-mundo [12 December 2020].
Medeiros, A. P., B. M. M. Moraes, & R. Bender Filho. 2016. Mercado brasileiro de leite: casualidade de preços nos principais estados produtores. Revista UNEMAT de Contbilidade 5:137-159. https://doi.org/10.30681/ruc.v5i10.1384
Motta, R. G., A. V. Silva, R. Giuffrida, A. K. Siqueira, A. C. Paes, I. G. Motta, F. J. P. Listoni, & M. G. Ribeiro. 2015. Indicadores de qualidade e composição de leite informal comercializado na região Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 35:417–423. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000500005
Murphy, S. C, N. H. Martin, D. M. Barbano, & M. Wiedmann. 2016. Influence of raw milk quality on processed dairy products: How do raw milk quality test results relate to product quality and yield? J. Dairy Sci. 99:10128–10149. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11172
Muller, B. O., F. I. Bánkuti, M. M. Brito, & R. R. Martinelli. 2019. Tipologia de sistemas produtivos leiteiros e a sucessão familiar no Paraná. Revista De Ciência Veterinária E Saúde Pública 6:302–309. https://doi.org/10.4025/revcivet.v6i2.45489
Neumann, M. E., M. A. Zambom, M. J. Lange, F. I. Bankuti, D. D. Castagnara, A. L. G. Dias, T. R. Reis, & T. Fernandes. 2016. Typology of dairy production systems from West Parana State based on production indices and feed used. Semin. Cienc. Agrar. 37:1565-1580. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1565
Nogueira, C. R., S. M. S. Bánkuti, A. E. B. S. Lourenzani, F. I. Bánkuti, & W. L. Lourenzani. 2018. Coordenação de sistemas agroalimentares diferenciados: um estudo sobre o leite orgânico no Paraná. Gestão & Regionalidade 34:74-91. https://doi.org/10.13037/gr.vol34n100.3696
Paixão, M. G., M. A. Lopes, G. M. da Costa, G. N. de Souza, L. R. de Abreu, & S. M. Pinto. 2017. Milk quality and financial management at different scales of production on dairy farms located in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Revista Ceres. 64:213–221. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201764030001
Parré, J. L., S. M. S. Bánkuti, & A. N. Zanmaria. 2011. Produtores de leite da região Sudoeste do Paraná : um estudo a partir de diferentes níveis de produtividade. Revista de Economia E Agronegócio 9:275–300. https://doi.org/10.25070/rea.v9i2.187
Ramos, J. E. S., M. C. Borba, A. P. S. Melo, F. F. Lima, & A. S. Melo. 2016. Transmissão de preços pagos aos produtores de leite nos estados brasileiros de maior produção com foco no estado baiano no período de dez anos. Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas 5:3-26.
Rauta, J., G. Schultz, & C. A. Winck. 2020. Análise qualitativa da relação comercial entre produtores de leite e insústria de laticínios pela escola ECT. Revista Visão: Gestão Organizacional 9:31-54. https://doi.org/10.33362/visao.v9i2.2168
Riveiro, J. A., A. R. Mantecón, C. J. Alarez, & P. Lavín. 2013. A typological characterization of dairy Assaf breed sheep farms at NW of Spain based on structural factor. Agric. Syst. 120:27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.05.004
Sauer, J. & U. Latacz-lohmann. 2015. Investment, technical change and efficiency : Empirical evidence from German dairy production. European Review of Agricultural Economics 42:151–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbu015
Silva, S. A. S. D., K. A. N. P. Kanugala, & N. S. Weerakkody. 2016. Microbiological quality of raw milk and effect on quality by implementing good management practices. Procedia Food Sci. 6:92–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.019
Souza, R. P. & A. M. Buainain. 2013. A competitividade da produção de leite da agricultura familiar: os limites da exclusão. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura 21:308–331.
Stubley, D. J., D. Paparas, O. Tremma, & L. Aguiar. 2018. An investigation into the price transmission between producers and retailers within the UK milk market. Advances in Business Related Scientific Research Journal 9:14-43.
Vilela, D., J. C. Resende, J. L. B. & F. Alves. 2017. A evolução do leite no Brasil em cinco décadas. Revista de Política Agrícola. 26:5-24.
Williamson, O. E. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. Free Press, New York.
Zimpel, R., F. I. Bánkuti, M. A. Zambom, K. C. Kuwahara, & S. M. S. Bánkuti. 2017. Characteristics of the dairy farmers who perform financial management in Paraná State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 46:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017000500008

Authors

V. D. V. Costa
viniciuspetzoo@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
R. R. Martinelli
F. I. Bánkuti
CostaV. D. V., MartinelliR. R., & BánkutiF. I. (2022). A Typological Analysis of Dairy Farms Based on Bulk Milk Price. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 45(3), 374-380. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2022.45.3.374

Article Details