Feed Intake and Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation Profiles, Milk Yield and Compositions of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented by Flemingia macrophylla Pellet
Abstract
Feed intake and nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation profiles, milk yield and compositions of lactating dairy cows fed with Flemingia macrophylla pellet (FMP) were evaluated. Four crossbred dairy cows in early lactation were randomly allocated into a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design (LSD). The first factor was protein level of concentrate mixtures consisted of two levels, i.e., 14% and 16%. The second factor was supplementation levels of FMP consisted of two levels, i.e., 0 and 150 g/cow/d. There were no interactions between the protein level of concentrate and FMP supplementation on feed intake and digestibility, rumen fermentation profiles, milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows. The findings revealed that both factors significantly impacted feed intakes. They also significantly increased the digestibility of CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen and propionate (C3) concentrations were improved (p<0.05), while rumen acetate (C2), the ratio of C2:C3, estimated methane (CH4) production, and protozoal counts were subsequently reduced (p<0.05). Crude protein level and FMP supplementation additionally improved nitrogen absorption and utilization, as well as microbial nitrogen synthesis. Milk production was significantly increased by the FMP feeding. In conclusion, a concentrated mixture with 16% CP along with supplementation of FMP at a dose of 150 g/cow/d could significantly increase rumen fermentation end-products, microbial protein synthesis, mitigated rumen CH4 production, and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed with rice straw.
References
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Jonker, J. S., R. A. Kohn, & R. A. Erdman. 1999. Milk urea nitrogen target concentrations for lactating dairy cows fed according to national research council recommendations. J. Dairy Sci. 82:1261-1273. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75349-X
Karsli, M. A. & J. R. Russell. 2001. Effects of some dietary factors on ruminal microbial protein synthesis. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 25:681-686.
Krämer-Schmid, M., P. Lund, & M. R. Weisbjerg. 2016. Importance of NDF digestibility of whole crop maize silage for dry matter intake and milk production in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 219:68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.007
Liu, H., V. Vaddella, & D. Zhou. 2011. Effects of chestnut tannins and coconut oil on growth performance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 94:6069–6077. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4508
Makkar, H. P. 2003. Effect and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin rich feeds. Small Rumin. Res. 49:241-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00142-1
Mathew, S., S. Sagatheman, J. Thomas, & G. Mathen. 1997. An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids of ruminal fluid. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 67:805-807.
McMahon, L. R., T. A. McAllister, B. P. Berg, W. Majak, S. N. Acharya, J. D. Popp, B. E. Coulman, Y. Wang, & K. J. Cheng. 2000. A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80:469-485. https://doi.org/10.4141/P99-050
Moss, A. R., J. P. Jouany, & J. Newbold. 2000. Methane production by ruminants: Its contribution to global warming. Ann. Zootech. 49:231-253. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2000119
Mui, N. T., I. Ledin, P. Udén, & D. Van Binh. 2001. Effect of replacing a rice bran–soya bean concentrate with Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) or Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) foliage on the performance of growing goats. Livest. Prod. Sci. 72:253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00223-8
Norrapoke, T., M. Wanapat, & S. Wanapat. 2012. Effects of protein level and mangosteen peel pellets (Mago-pel) in concentrate diets on rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy crossbreds. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 25:971. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2012.12053.
Patra, A. K. & J. Saxena. 2009. The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr. Res. Rev. 22:204-219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422409990163
Patra, A. K. & J. Saxena. 2010. A new perspective on the use of plant secondary metabolites to inhibit methanogenesis in the rumen. Phytochemistry. 71:1198-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.010
Patra, A. K. & J. Saxena. 2011. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91:24-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4152
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Authors
PhesatchaB., PhesatchaK., ViennasayB., ThaoN. T., & WanapatM. (2021). Feed Intake and Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation Profiles, Milk Yield and Compositions of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented by Flemingia macrophylla Pellet. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 44(3), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.3.288
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