Haplotype Diversity of Swamp Buffalo and River Buffalo Based on Cytochrome B Gene: A Study of Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is well known as a domesticated buffalo in Asia. The genetic diversity of buffaloes in Asia needs to be studied to ensure a proper breeding program. A meta-analysis study on the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial genome from various published data was conducted to evaluate genetic variation and haplo-geography of Asian buffaloes. A meta-analysis is used to provide a comprehensive view of the data. A total of 1369 swamp buffaloes Cytochrome B sequences (from Indonesia (79), Bangladesh (98), China (909), India (4), Laos (96), Taiwan (29), Thailand (54), and Vietnam (100)) and 91 river buffaloes (from China (42), Nepal (42), and Pakistan (7)) were used in this study. Cytochrome B sequences (678 bp) of Syncerus caffer, Bubalus arnee, Bubalus depressicornis, Bubalus quarlesi, Bubalus mindorensis, swamp buffalo, and river buffalo were determined for their haplotypes using DnaSP v6 program. Haplotypes were analyzed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) using Adegenet Package and Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) methods using Factoextra and FactoMineR Package in R-4.0.0 program. Bayesian analysis of genetic differentiation was implemented in BAPS 6.0. Furthermore, we found 56 haplotypes for swamp buffaloes in eight Asian countries and 5 haplotypes for river buffaloes in Pakistan. We also found 5 haplotypes for outgroup (B. arnee, S. caffer, B. depressicornis, B. quarlesi, B. mindorensis). Therefore, we found 66 haplotypes in total with outgroup sequences. Based on the PCoA results, three clusters were found. However, the HCPC found eight clusters. Based on HCPC, countries in East and South Asia have four maternal lineages. This is evidence that buffalo domestication has first occurred in East-South Asia. In conclusion, we found four maternal lineages of swamp buffalo and two maternal lineages of river buffalo from ten countries. We also found one maternal lineage for Syncerus caffer and one maternal lineage for B. depressicornis, B. quarlesi, and B. mindorensis.
References
Cheng, L., T. R. Connor, J. Sirén, D. M. Aanensen, & J. Corander. 2013. Hierarchical and spatially explicit clustering of DNA sequences with BAPS software. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30:1224–1228. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst028
Chikuni, K., Y. Mori, T. Tabata, M. Saito, M. Monma, & M. Kosugiyama. 1995. Molecular phylogeny based on the κ-casein and cytochrome b sequences in the mammalian suborder Ruminantia. J. Mol. Evol. 41:859–866. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00173165
Guangxin, E., Z. Yong-Ju, N. Ri-Su, M. Yue-Hui, Z. Jia-Hua, C. LiPeng, Q. Xiao-Yu, Z. Zhong-Quan, S. Ya-Wang, W. Xin, & H. Yong-Fu. 2016. Meta-analysis evidence of maternal lineages in Chinese Tibetan sheep using mtDNA D-loop panel, Mitochondrial DNA Part A. https://doi.org/10.3109/24701394.2016.1143469
Husson, F., J. Josse, S. Le, & J. Mazet. 2015. FactoMineR: Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining. R Package Version 1.31.4. 24:1–18.
Jombart, T. 2008. Adegenet: A R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers. Bioinform. 11:1403–1405. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn129
Kassambara, A., & F. Mundt. 2020. factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses (R package version 1.0.7). https://cran.r-project.org/package=factoextra
Kumar, S., M. Nagarajan, J. S. Sandhu, N. Kumar, V. Behl, & G. Nishanth. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA analyses of Indian water buffalo support a distinct genetic origin of river and swamp buffalo. Anim. Genet. 38:227–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01602.x
Kumar, S., G. Stecher, & K. Tamura. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33:1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Lei, C. Z., C. M. Zhang, S. Weining, M. G. Campana, M. A. Bower, X. M. Zhang, L. Liu, X. Y. Lan, & H. Chen. 2011. Genetic diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in Chinese native buffalo. Anim. Genet. 42:432–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02174.x
Lei, C. Z., W. Zhang, H. Chen, F. Lu, Q. L. Ge, R. Y. Liu, R. H. Dang, Y. Y. Yao, L. B. Yao, Z. F. Lu, & Z. L. Zhao. 2007. Two maternal lineages revealed by mitochondrial DMA D-loop sequences in Chinese native water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 20:471–476. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.471
Luo, X., Y. Zhou, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, T. Feng, Z. Li, K. Cui, Z. Wang, C. Luo, H. Li , Y. Deng, F. Lu , J. Han, Y. Miao, H. Mao, X. Yi , C. Ai, S. Wu, A. Li, Z. Wu, Z. Zhuo, D. D. Giang, B. Mitra, M. F. Vahidi, S. Mansoor, S. Ahmed Al-Bayatti, Eka Meutia Sari, N. A. Gorkhali, S. Prastowo, L. Shafique, G. Ye, Q. Qian, B. Chen, D. Shi, J. Ruan, & Q. Liu. 2020. Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp-and river-buffalo populations. Natl. Sci. Rev. 7:686–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa024
Mastrochirico-Filho, V. A., F. Pazo. M. E. Del Hata, G. V. Villanova, F. Foresti, M. Vera, P. Martínez, F. Porto-Foresti, & D. T. Hashimoto. 2019. Assessing genetic diversity for a pre-breeding program in piaractus mesopotamicus by snps and ssrs. Genes. 10:668. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090668
Misrianti, R., C. Sumantri, & A. Farajallah. 2010. Polymorphism identification of pit1 gene in indonesian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and holstein-friesian cows. Media Peternakan. 33:131–136. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2010.33.3.131
Nagarajan, M., K. Nimisha, & S. Kumar. 2015. Mitochondrial DNA variability of domestic River buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations: Genetic evidence for domestication of River buffalo in Indian subcontinent. Genome. Biol. Evol. 7:1252–1259. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv067
Paraguas, A. M., T. P. C. Cailipan, E. B. Flores, & L. P. Villamor. 2018. Morphology and phylogeny of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Calayan Island, Cagayan. Philipp. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 44:59-67.
R Core, T. 2020. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
Rozas, J., A. Ferrer-Mata, J. C. Sanchez-Del Barrio, S. Guirao-Rico, P. Librado, S. E. Ramos-Onsins, & A. Sanchez-Gracia. 2017. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 34:3299–3302. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx248
Rusdin, M., D. D. Solihin, A. Gunawan, C. Talib, & C. Sumantri. 2020. Genetic variation of eight Indonesian swamp-buffalo populations based on cytochrome b gene marker. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 3:1–10. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2020.43.1.1
Saif, R., M. Wasim, & M. E. Babar. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of Pakistani riverine buffalo based on genetic variability of Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Mol. Biol. Rep. 39:9707–9714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1835-1
Saputra, F., Jakaria, A. Anggraeni, & C. Sumantri. 2020. Genetic diversity of Indonesian swamp buffalo based on microsatellite markers. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 43:191–196. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2020.43.3.191
Saputra, F., Jakaria, & C. Sumantri. 2013. Genetic variation of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in Local swamp buffaloes in Indonesia. Med. Pet. 36:165–170. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2013.36.3.165
Sumantri, C., R. Diyono, A. Farajallah, A. Anggraeni, & E. Andreas. 2010. Pemanfaatan famili gen hormon pertumbuhan (GH, GHR, GHRH, dan PIT-1) untuk mendeteksi keragaman genetik kerbau di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Lebak Provinsi Banten. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 15:286–296.
Sun, T., S. Wang, Q. Hanif, N. Chen, H. Chen, & C. Lei. 2020. Genetic diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in swamp buffalo. Anim. Genet. 51:977-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12997
Taberlet, P., E. Coissac, J. Pansu, & F. Pompanon. 2011 Conservation genetics of cattle, sheep, and goats. C. S. Biologies. 334:247-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.007
Tanaka, K., C. D. Solis, J. S. Masangkay, K. I. Maeda, Y. Kawamoto, & T. Namikawa. 1996. Phylogenetic relationship among all living species of the genus Bubalus based on DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Biochem. Genet. 34:443–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570125
Tobe, S. S., A. C. Kitchener, & A. M. T. Linacre. 2010. Reconstructing mammalian phylogenies: A detailed comparison of the cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit i mitochondrial genes. PLoS ONE. 5:e14156. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014156
Wang, S., N. Chen, M. R. Capodiferro, T. Zhang, H. Lancioni, H. Zhang, Y. Miao, V. Chanthakhoun, M. Wanapat, M. Yindee, Y. Zhang, H. Lu, L. Caporali, R. Dang, Y. Huang, X. Lan, M. Plath, H. Chen, J. A. Lenstra, A. Achilli & C. Lei. 2017. Whole mitogenomes reveal the history of swamp buffalo: initially shaped by glacial periods and eventually modelled by domestication. Sci Rep 7:4708 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-048
Youssef, N. A., M. Curaudeau, S. M. El Nahas, A. A. M. Hassan & A. Hassanin. 2021. Haplotype diversity in the mitochondrial genome of the Egyptian river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. 6:145-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1852622
Zhang, Yi, Y. Lu, M. Yindee, K-Y. Li, H-Y. Kuo, Y-T. Ju, S. Ye, M. O. Faruque, Q. Li, Y. Wang, V. C. Cuong, L. D. Pham, B. Bouahom, B. Yang, X. Liang, Z. Cai, D. Vankan, W. Manatchaiworakul, N. Kowlim, S. Duangchantrasiri, W. Wajjwalku, B. Colenbrander, Y. Zhang, P. Beerli, J. A. Lenstra, & J. F. S. Barker. 2016. Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region. Mol. Ecol. 25:1530–1550. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13518
Zhang, Y., L. Colli, & J. S. F. Barker. 2020. Asian water buffalo: domestication, history and genetics. Anim. Genet. 51:177–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12911
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Tropical Animal Science Journal. The statement to release the copyright to Tropical Animal Science Journal is stated in Form A. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA) where Authors and Readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
Article Details
