Performance, Physiological Status, and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Pre- and Post-Weaning Goat Kids Fed Cricket Meal as a Protein Source
Abstract
This study was conducted in two experiments with the objectives: (1) to evaluate nutrient intake, physiological status, and performance of pre-weaning goat kids fed with milk replacer containing cricket meal, and (2) to evaluate nutrient intake, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood profiles, and production performance of post-weaning etawah crossbred goats fed with cricket meal as a substitution of soybean meal. Twelve pre-weaning goat kids (3.78±0.50 kg BW) were divided into 3 treatments (4 replicates per treatment), i.e., kids fed with goat milk (GM), cow milk (CM), and milk replacer containing cricket meal (MR). In the second experiment, 12 post-weaning goats (12-14 kg BW) were fed with 3 dietary treatments, i.e., control ration (CM-0), ration containing 15% cricket meal (CM-15), and ration containing 30% cricket meal (CM-30). Parameters measured during 2 months observations were nutrient intake, physiological status, fermentation profiles, blood profiles, and performance. Both experiments used a completely randomized design. Results showed that there were no significant differences in physiological status parameters in pre-weaning goat kids fed with GM, CM or MR. The performance of kids fed with GM was significantly higher (120 g/d) than those fed with CM and MR treatments (p<0.05). In the second experiment, results showed that fat intake in CM-30 was higher than the other treatments (p<0.05), meanwhile dry matter and nutrient intakes were similar. The average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and rumen fermentation profiles were similar in all treatments. It is concluded that cricket meal can be used in milk replacer without any negative effect on health status. CM-30 ration has good palatability without any negative effect on the rumen fermentation profiles.
References
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Smolders, G., N.V. Eekeren & W. Govearts. 2012. Effect of vitamin E and selenium and different types of milk on health and growth of organic goat kids. J. Anim. Sci. 29: 290-6.
Sodiq, A. 2012. Non genetic factors affecting pre-weaning weight and growth rate of ettawah grade goats. Med. Pet. 35: 21-27. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2012.35.1.21
Supriyati. 2012. Pre-weaning growth performance of Etawah Crossbred goats fed milk replacer. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 17: 142-151.
Sutama, I.K. 2009. Productive and reproductive performance of female Etawah crossbred goats in Indonesia. Wartazoa 19: 1-6.
Toral, P. G., K. J. Shingfield, G. Hervás, V. Toivonen, & P. Frutos. 2010. Effect of fish oil and sunflower oil on rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid composition of digesta in ewes fed a high concentrate diet. J. Dairy Sci. 93:4804-4817. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3300
Wardeh, M.F. 1981. Models for estimating energy and protein utilization for feeds. Ph.D Thesis, Utah State University Logan. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4556
Yasmim, R.F.S., M.A.S. Vasconcelos, R.G. Costa, C.A.A. Filho, E.P. de Paiva, & R.C.R.E. Queiroga. 2015. Sialic acid content of goat milk during lactation. Livestock Sci. 177: 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.005
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Astuti D.A., D.R. Ekastuti, Y. Sugiarti, & Marwah. 2008. Profil darah dan nilai hematologi domba lokal yang dipelihara di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat Sukabumi. J. Agripet. 8: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v8i2.599
Astuti, D.A., A.S. Baba, & I.W.T. Wibawan. 2012. Rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and performance of sheep fed tropical browse plants. Med. Pet. 34: 201-206. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2011.34.3.201
Astuti, D.A., L. Khotijah, & A. Rismarianty. 2016. Utilization of cricket meal as protein source in lamb ration to evaluate nutrient status and rumen fermentation profiles. Indian J. Vet. Sci. Biotech. 11: 49- 53
Dianingtyas, B.D., Y. Retnani, & D. Evvyernie. 2017. Legume wafer supplementation to increase the performance of post-weaning ettawa grade goats. Med. Pet. 40: 42-46. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2017.40.1.42
Brock, F.M., C.W. Forsberg, & J.G. Buchanan-Smith. 1982. Proteolytic activity of rumen microorganisms and effects of proteinase inhibitors. Applied Environ. Microbiol. 44: 561-569.
Budisatria, I.G.S., H.M.J. Udo, C.H.A.M. Eilers, E. Baliarti, & A.J. van der Zijpp. 2010. Preferences for sheep or goats in Indonesia. Small Rumin. Res. 88: 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.11.002
Chakravorty, J., S. Ghosh, C. Jung, & V.B. Meyer-Rochow. 2014. Nutritional composition of Chondacris rosea and Brachytrupes orientalis: Two common insects used as food by tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 17: 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2014.03.007
S. Elieser, S. Sumadi, I.G.S. Budisatria, & S. Subandriyo. 2012. Productivity comparison between boer and Kacang goat dam. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 37: 15-21. https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.37.1.15-21
Frandson, R.D., W.L. Wilke, & A.D. Fails. 2009. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. 7th ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
Jayanegara, A., S.P. Dewi, N. Laylli, E.B. Laconi, Nahrowi, & M. Ridla. 2016. Determination of cell wall protein from selected feedstuffs and its relationship with ruminal protein digestibility in vitro. Med. Pet. 39: 134-140. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2016.39.2.134
Jayanegara, A., M. M. Sholikin, A.N. Della, Sabila, S. Suharti, & D.A. Astuti. 2017. Nutritive value characterization of cricket (Gryllus assimilis) and its utilization for animal feed: an in vitro evaluation. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 20: 523-529. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2017.523.529
Krishnamoorthy, U. & J. Moran. 2011. Rearing young ruminants on milk replacers and starter feeds. In: Makkar HPS, editor. Animal Production and Health Manual No. 13. Rome (Italy): FAO.
Mayer, H.K. & G. Fiechter. 2012. Physicochemical characteristics of goat’s milk in Austria-seasonal variations and differences between six breeds. Dairy Sci. Technol. 92:167-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-011-0047-0
McDonald, P., R. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh, C.A. Morgan, L.A. Sinclair, & R.G. Wilkinson. 2011. Animal Nutrition. Ashford Colour Press Ltd. Gasport
Makkar, H.P.S., G. Tran, V. Heuze, & P. Nakers. 2014. State of the art on use of insects as animal feed. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 197:1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.07.008
NRC. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. The National Academies Press. Washington, D.C. P.281
Ogimoto, K. & S. Imai. 1981. Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Japan Scientific Society, Tokyo.
Reverdin, S.G. & D. Sauvant. 2015. Study of the between-goat variation in feed efficiency with a high-concentrate diet. FAO-CIHEAM Network on Sheep and Goats, Jun 2015, Montpellier, France.
Rumpold, B.A. & K.S. Oliver. 2013. Potential and challenges of insects as an innovative source for food and feed production. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 17:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2012.11.005
Sánchez-Muros, M., F.G. Barroso, & F. Manzano-Agugliaro. 2014. Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: A Review. J. Clean. Prod. 65: 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.068
Smolders, G., N.V. Eekeren & W. Govearts. 2012. Effect of vitamin E and selenium and different types of milk on health and growth of organic goat kids. J. Anim. Sci. 29: 290-6.
Sodiq, A. 2012. Non genetic factors affecting pre-weaning weight and growth rate of ettawah grade goats. Med. Pet. 35: 21-27. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2012.35.1.21
Supriyati. 2012. Pre-weaning growth performance of Etawah Crossbred goats fed milk replacer. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 17: 142-151.
Sutama, I.K. 2009. Productive and reproductive performance of female Etawah crossbred goats in Indonesia. Wartazoa 19: 1-6.
Toral, P. G., K. J. Shingfield, G. Hervás, V. Toivonen, & P. Frutos. 2010. Effect of fish oil and sunflower oil on rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid composition of digesta in ewes fed a high concentrate diet. J. Dairy Sci. 93:4804-4817. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3300
Wardeh, M.F. 1981. Models for estimating energy and protein utilization for feeds. Ph.D Thesis, Utah State University Logan. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4556
Yasmim, R.F.S., M.A.S. Vasconcelos, R.G. Costa, C.A.A. Filho, E.P. de Paiva, & R.C.R.E. Queiroga. 2015. Sialic acid content of goat milk during lactation. Livestock Sci. 177: 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.005
Wu, D., L. Xu, S. Tang, L. Guan, Z. He, Y. Guan, Z. Tan, X. Han, C. Zhou, J. Kang, & M. Wang. 2016. Influence of oleic acid on rumen fermentation and fatty acid formation in vitro. PLoS One. 11: e0156835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156835
Authors
AstutiD. A., AnggraenyA., KhotijahL., SuhartiS., & JayanegaraA. (2019). Performance, Physiological Status, and Rumen Fermentation Profiles of Pre- and Post-Weaning Goat Kids Fed Cricket Meal as a Protein Source. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 42(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.145
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