Morphological Characteristics and Productivity of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum CV Purple Guinea) Irradiated with Gamma-Ray
Abstract
Mutation breeding using gamma irradiation is one of the alternative ways to increase the variability and productivity of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv Purple guinea). The aimed of the study was to determine the dosage of gamma irradiation and morphological characters for high-yielding of the putative mutant of guinea grass. The Guinea grass seeds was irradiated by gamma- ray. The treatment was 8 doses of gamma irradiation and control (non-irradiated). The treatment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The study was conducted for 3 generations, which were mutants 1 (M1), mutant 1 vegetative 1 (M1V1), and mutant 1 vegetative 2 (M1V2). The results showed that the gamma irradiation dose affected variables observed. The variables affected in M1 were fresh and dry weights of shoot, the number of tillers, and the length of the leaves. Whereas in the populations of M1V1 and M1V2, almost all characters were influenced by gamma irradiation, except stem diameter, length of internode, and leaf length. Gamma irradiation doses of 175 x 2 Gy, 250 Gy and 350 Gy in M1V1 and 100 x 2 Gy, 150x2 Gy and 175 x 2 Gy in M1V2 produced the high number of tillers, fresh and dry shoot weights. Heritability value and GCV of number of tillers, fresh and dry weight of shoot were high for M1V1 and M1V2 populations. These results indicated that gamma-ray irradiation can be applied to increase productivity and genetic variability of Guinea grass. The highest forage production was obtained at a dose of 100 x 2 Gy, which was 625 g/plant.
References
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Alikamanoglu, S., O. Yaycili, & A. Sen. 2011. Effect of gamma irradiationon growth factors, biochemical parameters, and accumulation of trace elements in soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill). Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 141: 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8709-y
Ambavane, A.R., S.V. Sawardekar, S.A. Sawantdesai, & N.B. Gokhale. 2015. Studies on mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and its effect on quantitative traits in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn). J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 8: 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.12.004
Amin, R., M. R. Wani, A. Raina, S. Khursheed, & S. Khan. 2019. Induced morphological and chromosomal diversity in the mutagenized population of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) using single and combination treatments of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate. Jordan J. Biol. Sci. 12: 23-30
Amir, K., S. Hussain, M. Shuaib, F. Hussain, Z. Urooj, W.M. Khan, U. Zeb, K. Ali, M.A. Zeb, & F. Hussain. 2018. Effect of gamma irradiation on OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Acta Ecol. Sin. 38: 368–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.02.002
Amri-Tiliouine, W., M. Laouar, A. Abdelguerfi, J. Jankowicz-Cieslak, L. Jankuloski, & B.J. Till. 2018. Genetic variability induced by gamma rays and preliminary results of low-cost TILLING on M2 generation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Front. Plant Sci. 9: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01568
Anand, Y. & S.T. Kajjidoni. 2014. Genetic enhancement of grain size and other productivity related traits through induced variability in kharif sorghum. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 27: 121-124
Asadi. 2013. Pemuliaan mutasi untuk perbaikan terhadap umur dan produktivitas pada kedelai. Jurnal Agro Biogen. 9:135-142. https://doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v9n3.2013.p135-142
Badr, A., H.H. El-Shazly, & M. Halawa. 2014. Cytological effects of gamma irradiationand its impact on growth and yield of M1 and M2 plants of cowpea cultivars. Cytologia 79: 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.79.195
Chaudhuri, S.K. 2002. A simple and reliable method to detect gamma-irradiated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seeds by germination efficiency and seedling growth test. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64: 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00467-4
Chen, J., C. Thammina, W. Li, H. Yu, H. Yer, R. El-Tanbouly, M. Marron, L. Katin-Grazzini, Y. Chen, J. Inguagiato, R.J. McAvoy, K. Guillard, X. Zhang, & Y. Li. 2016. Isolation of prostrate turfgrass mutants via screening of dwarf phenotype and characterization of a perennial ryegrass prostrate mutant. Hortic. Res. 3:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2016.3
Dhole, V. J. & K. S. Reddy. 2018. Genetic analysis and variability studies in mutants induced through electron beam and gamma rays in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Journal of Plant Breeding 1: 304-312. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-928X.2018.00035.2
Eroglu, Y., H.E. Eroglu, & A.I. Ilbas. 2007. Gamma ray reduces mitotic index in embryonic roots of Hordeum vulgare L. Adv. Biol. Res. 1: 26-28.
Fanindi, A., S.H. Sutjahjo, S.I. Aisyah, & N.D. Purwantari. 2016. Characteristic morphology and genetic variability of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv Purple Guinea) through gamma ray irradiated on acid land. JITV. 21: 205-214. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i4.1635
Guedea, M., A. Castel, M. Arnalte, A. Mollera,V. Mu˜ no, & F. Guedead. 2013. Single high-dose vs. fractionated radiotherapy: Effects on plant growth rates. Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother. 18: 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.07.012
Hanafy, R. S. & S. A. Akladious. 2018. Physiological and molecular studies on the effect of gamma radiation in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plants. J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. 16: 683–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.012
Hare, M.D., S. Phengphet, T. Songsiri, N. Sutin, & E. Stern. 2013. Effect of cutting interval on yield and quality of two Panicum maximum cultivars in Thailand. Tropical Grasslands – Forrajes Tropicales. 1: 87−89. https://doi.org/10.17138/TGFT(1)87-89
Hanafiah, D.S., Trikoesoemaningtyas, S. Yahya, & D. Wirnas. 2010. Studi radiosensitivitas kedelai (Glycine Max (L) Merr) varietas argomulyo melalui irradiasi sinar gamma. Bionatura-Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Hayati dan Fisik. 12: 103-109
Islam, M., S. Raffi, M. Hossain, & A. Hasan. 2015. Analysis of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield associated traits in some promising advanced lines of rice. Progress. Agric. 26:26-31. https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v26i1.24511
Jan, S., T. Parween, T. O. Siddiqi, & Mahmooduzzafar. 2011. Gamma radiation effects on growth and yield attributes of Psoralea corylifolia L. with reference to enhanced production of psoralen. Plant Growth Regul. 64:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-010-9552-z
Jank, L., J.A. Martuscello, R.M.S. Resende, & C.B. Valle. 2010. Panicummaximum Jacq. In Fonseca DM and Martuscello JA (eds.) Plantas Forrageiras. Editora UFV, Viçosa, pp. 166-194.
Kalton, R.R., A.G. Smit, & R.C. Leffel. 1952. Breeding Perennial Forage Grasses. In Hanson, A.A. & H.L. Carnahan. Technical Bulletin 1145. United States Department of Agriculture. pp 121
Khan, W.M. 2018. Gamma irradiationinduced mutation in M2 population of Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Pure Appl. Biol. 7:832-839. https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700102
Khan, W.M., S. Z. Shah, L. Shah, M. S. Khan, Z. Muhammad, I. Ahmad, M. Anwar, & S. Ali. 2015 Effect of gamma radiation on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. (variety Bulbul 98). Pure Appl. Biol. 4: 236-243. https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2015.42012
Kim, J.B., S.H. Kim, B.-K. Ha, S.-Y. Kang, C.S. Jang, Y.W. Seo, & D.S Kim. 2014. Differentially expressed genes in response to gamma-irirradiationduring the vegetative stage in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Biol. Rep. 41: 2229–2241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3074-0
Kitano, S., A. Miyagi, Y. Oono, Y. Hase, I. Narumi, M. Yamaguchi, H. Uchimiya, & M. Kawai-Yamada. 2015. Metabolic alterations in leaves of oxalate-rich plant Rumex obtusifolius L. irradiated by gamma rays. Metabolomics 11: 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-014-0684-4
Laskar, R.A. & S. Khan. 2017. Assessment on induced genetic variability and divergence in the mutagenized lentil populations of microsperma and macrosperma cultivars developed using physical and chemical mutagenesis. PLOS ONE 12: e0184598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184598
Le, K.-C., T.-T Ho, K.-Y Paek, & S.-Y Park. 2019. Low dose gamma radiation increases the biomass and ginsenoside content of callus and adventitious root cultures of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Mayer). Ind. Crops Prod. 130: 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.056
Marcu, D., G. Damian, C. Cosma, & V. Cristea. 2013. Gamma irradiationeffects on seed germination, growth and pigment content, and ESR study of induced free radicals in maize (Zea mays). J. Biol. Phys. 39: 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10867-013-9322-z
Moedjiono & M.J. Mejaya. 1994. Variabilitas genetik beberapa karakter plasma nutfah jagung koleksi Balittan Malang. Zuriat: 5: 27-32
Mohajer, S., R. Mat Taha, M.M. Lay, A. K. Esmaeili, & M. Khalili. 2014. Stimulatory effects of gamma irradiation on phytochemical properties, mitotic behaviour, and nutritional composition of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). The Scientific World Journal 2014: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/854093
Muhammad, M.L., A.O. Falusi, M.O. Adebola, O.D. Oyedum, A.A. Gado, & M.C. Dang. 2018. Spectrum and frequency of mutations induced by gamma radiations in three varieties of Nigerian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Not. Sci. Biol. 10: 87. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb10110219
Mutlu, S.S., H. Djapo, S.F. Ozmen, C. Selim, & N. Tuncel. 2015. Gamma-ray Irirradiationinduces useful morphological variation in Bermudagrass. Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobo. 43:515-520. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha.43.2.9762
Parman, T., M.J. Wiley, & P.G. Wells. 1999. Free radical-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity. Nat. Med. 5: 582–585. https://doi.org/10.1038/8466
Respati, A.N., N. Umami, & C. Hanim. 2018. Growth and production of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5 in three difference regrowth phase treated by gamma radiation dose. Trop. Anim. Sci. J. 41: 179–184. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2018.41.3.179
Saha, S. & A. Paul. 2019. Radiation induced mutagen sensitivity and chlorophyll mutation frequency on sesame seeds. Journal of Environmental Biology 40: 252–257. https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/40/2/MRN-726
Santoso, B. & B.Tj. Hariadi. 2008. Komposisi kimia, degradasi nutrien dan produksi gas metana in vitro rumput tropik yang diawetkan dengan metode silase dan hay. Med. Pet. 31:128-137
Singh, B. D. 2005. Mutations in Crop Improvement. In: Singh, B. D. (ed). Plant Breeding, Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. pp. 698–731.
Singh, R.K. & B.D. Chaundhary. 1977. Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetics Analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
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Authors
FanindiA., SutjahjoS. H., AisyahS. I., & PurwantariN. D. (2019). Morphological Characteristics and Productivity of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum CV Purple Guinea) Irradiated with Gamma-Ray. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 42(2), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2019.42.2.97
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