Improvement of Indigofera zollingeriana Production and Methionine Content through Inoculation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
Abstract
Indigofera zollingeriana is a tremendous potential as a forage plant due to its high protein content. This experiment was conducted to increase production and nutrient quality of I. zollingeriana biomass, especially methionine content through inoculation of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Nine isolates obtained from nodule of I. zollingeriana were screened for 37 days in greenhouse, resulting in three desirable isolates. These three selected isolates at density of 105 cfu/mL and 107 cfu/mL were inoculated as much as 1 mL per seedling. Uninoculated plants were also grown as control treatment, i.e., positive (+ 0.05% KNO3 (w/v)) and negative. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replicates and carried out for three months. Plant biomass was analyzed for amino acid and other nutrient contents. Moreover, nodulation activity was also observed by counting and weighting the nodules. The results showed that Bradyrhizobium sp. P8 828, Bradyrhizobium sp. PZS_A08, and Roseomonas sp. CMS4Y-2-2 significantly increased shoot production. Subsequent experiment showed that plant inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. PZS_A08 at 105 cfu/mL significantly increased dry matter content. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. PZS_A08 and Roseomonas sp. CMS4Y-2-2 at 107 cfu/mL produced higher crude protein contents that were better than the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Inoculation treatment with Bradyrhizobium sp. P8 828 at 105 cfu/mL was the most effective in improving methionine content. It is concluded that production and quality of biomass obtained from inoculation treatments were comparable to the application of inorganic N-fertilizer.
References
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Cohen, M. F., X. Y. Han, & M. Mazzola. 2004. Molecular and physiological comparison of Azospirillum spp. isolated from Rhizoctonia solani mycelia, wheat rhizosphere, and human skin wounds. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1139/w04-007.
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Kiers, E.T., R. A. Rousseau, & R. F. Denison. 2006. Measured sanctions: legume hosts detect quantative variation in rhizobium cooperation and punish accordingly. Evol. Ecol. Res. 8: 1077-1086.
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Okazaki, S., M. Sugawara, K. Yu-Hashi, & K. Minawisawa. 2007. Rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis occurs in coincidence with methionine deficiency in soybeans. Ann. Bot. 100:55-59. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm087
Palupi, R., L. Abdullah, D. A. Astuti, & Sumiati. 2014. Potential and utilization of Indigofera sp. shoot leaf meal as soybean meal substitution in laying hen diets. JITV. 19: 210-219.
Rangin, C. G., M. Garcia, & G. Bena. 2010. Partner choice in Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B. 277: 1947-1951. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2072
Sara, S., M. Morad, & C. M. Reza. 2013. Effect of seed inoculation by Rhizobium strains on chlorophyll content and protein percentage in common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int. J. Biosci. 3: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.3.1-8
Sharma, R.S., N.K. Rao, T.S. Gokhale, & S. Ismail. 2013. Isolation and characterization of salt-tolerant rhizobia native to the desert soils of United Arab Emirates. Emir. J. Food Agric. 25:102–108. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i2.7590
Somasegaran, P. & H. J. Hoben. 1985. The NifTAL Manual for Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. University of Hawai College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. US Agency for International Development.
Steel, R. G. D. & J. H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Gramedia Pustaka, Jakarta.
Suharlina, D.A. Astuti, Nahrowi, A. Jayanegara, & L. Abdullah. 2016. Nutritional evaluation of dairy goat rations containing Indigofera zollingeriana by using in vitro rumen fermentation technique (RUSITEC). Int. J. Dairy Sci. 11:100-105. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijds.2016.100.105
Taiz, L. & E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant Physiology. Fifth edition. Sinauer Associates Inc., publishers, Sunderland Massachusetts USA.
Tatsukami, Y & M. Ueda. 2016. Rhizobial gibberellin negatively regulates host nodule number. Sci. Rep. 6:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27998
Ufaz, S. & G. Galili. 2008. Improving the content of essential amino acid in crop plants: goals and opportunities. Plant Physiol. 147: 954-961. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.118091
Wang, C, H. Y. Liu, Y. M. Wang, Z. Q. Yang, J. X. Liu, Y. M. Wu, T. Yan, & H. W. Ye. 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation of methionine and lysine on milk production and nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 3661-3670. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2750
Zhang, J. J., T. Yu, K. Lou, P. H. Mao, E. T. Wang, W. F. Chen, & W. X. Chen. 2014. Genotypic alteration and competitive nodulation of Mesorhizobium muleiense against exotic chickpea rhizobia in alkaline soils. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 520-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2014.07.004
Abdullah, L., D. Apriastuti, & T. A. P. Apdini. 2012.Use of Indigofera zollingeriana as a forage protein source in dairy goat rations. Proc. Asia dairy Goat Conference Malaysia, 71-72.
Abdullah, L., U. I. Sholehah & N. R. Kumalasari. 2016. Kandungan Asam Amino Daun Indigofera Zollingeriana pada Beberapa Taraf Penyemprotan Pupuk Daun dan Suhu Pengeringan. Abdullah, L, D.A. Astuti, & Suharlina, editor. IPB Press, Bogor.
Afzal, A. & B. Asghari. 2008. Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria improve the yield and phosphorus uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 10:85-88.
Alam, F., M. A. H. Bhuiyan, S. S. Alam, T. R. Waghmode, P. J. Kim & Y. B. Lee. 2015. Effect of Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 inoculation on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean (Glycine max) genotypes in gray terrace soil. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 79:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1044931
Andrews, M. & M. E. Andrews. 2017. Specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18:1-39. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040705
Argaw, A. & A. Tsigie. 2015. Indigenous rhizobia population influences the effectiveness of Rhizobium inoculation and need of inorganic N for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in eastern Ethiopia. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric. 2: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-015-0047-z
Bunchasak, C. 2009. Role of dietary methionine in poultry production. J. Poult. Sci. 46: 169-179. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.46.169
Cohen, M. F., X. Y. Han, & M. Mazzola. 2004. Molecular and physiological comparison of Azospirillum spp. isolated from Rhizoctonia solani mycelia, wheat rhizosphere, and human skin wounds. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1139/w04-007.
Dé, I., K.V. Rolston, & X.Y. Han. 2004. Clinical significance of Roseomonas species isolated from catheter and blood samples: analysis of 36 cases in patients with cancer. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38:1579-1584. https://doi.org/10.1086/420824.
McDonald, P. R. A. Edward, J. F. D. Greenhalgh, C. A. Morgan, L. A. Sinclair, R. G. Wilkinson. 2010. Animal Nutrition Seventh Edition. Pearson, Canada.
Faradillah, F., R. Mutia, & L. Abdullah. 2015. Substitution of soybean meal with Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal on egg quality of Cortunix cortunix japonica. Med. Pet. 38: 192-197. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpet.2015.38.3.192
Friesen, M.L. & A. Mathias. 2009. Mixed infections may promote diversification of mutualistic symbionts: why are there ineffective rhizobia?. J. Evol. Biol. 23:323-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01902.x
Graham, P.H. & C.A. Parker. 1964. Diagnostic features in the characterisation of the root-nodule bacteria of legumes. Plant Soil 20:383-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373828
Kalloniati, C., P. Krompas, G. Karalias, M. K. Udvardi, H. Rennenberg, C. Herschbach, & E. Flemetakis. 2015. Nitrogen-fixing nodules are an important sources of reduced sulfur, which triggers global changes in sulfur metabolism in Lotus japonicus. The Plant Cell 27: 2384-2400. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00108
Kiers, E.T., R. A. Rousseau, & R. F. Denison. 2006. Measured sanctions: legume hosts detect quantative variation in rhizobium cooperation and punish accordingly. Evol. Ecol. Res. 8: 1077-1086.
López- López, A., M. A. Rogel, E. Orme˜no-Orrillo, J. Martínez-Romero, & E. Martínez-Romero. 2010. Phaseolus vulgaris seed-borne endophytic community with novel bacterial species such as Rhizobium endophyticum sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 33: 322-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2010.07.005.
Namvar, A., R. S. Sharifi, T. Khandan, & M. J. Moghadam. 2013. Seed inoculation and inorganic nitrogen fertilization effects on some physiological and agronomical traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in irrigated conrition. JCEA. 14: 28-40. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.1281
Okazaki, S., M. Sugawara, K. Yu-Hashi, & K. Minawisawa. 2007. Rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis occurs in coincidence with methionine deficiency in soybeans. Ann. Bot. 100:55-59. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm087
Palupi, R., L. Abdullah, D. A. Astuti, & Sumiati. 2014. Potential and utilization of Indigofera sp. shoot leaf meal as soybean meal substitution in laying hen diets. JITV. 19: 210-219.
Rangin, C. G., M. Garcia, & G. Bena. 2010. Partner choice in Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B. 277: 1947-1951. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2072
Sara, S., M. Morad, & C. M. Reza. 2013. Effect of seed inoculation by Rhizobium strains on chlorophyll content and protein percentage in common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int. J. Biosci. 3: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.3.1-8
Sharma, R.S., N.K. Rao, T.S. Gokhale, & S. Ismail. 2013. Isolation and characterization of salt-tolerant rhizobia native to the desert soils of United Arab Emirates. Emir. J. Food Agric. 25:102–108. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i2.7590
Somasegaran, P. & H. J. Hoben. 1985. The NifTAL Manual for Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. University of Hawai College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. US Agency for International Development.
Steel, R. G. D. & J. H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Gramedia Pustaka, Jakarta.
Suharlina, D.A. Astuti, Nahrowi, A. Jayanegara, & L. Abdullah. 2016. Nutritional evaluation of dairy goat rations containing Indigofera zollingeriana by using in vitro rumen fermentation technique (RUSITEC). Int. J. Dairy Sci. 11:100-105. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijds.2016.100.105
Taiz, L. & E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant Physiology. Fifth edition. Sinauer Associates Inc., publishers, Sunderland Massachusetts USA.
Tatsukami, Y & M. Ueda. 2016. Rhizobial gibberellin negatively regulates host nodule number. Sci. Rep. 6:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27998
Ufaz, S. & G. Galili. 2008. Improving the content of essential amino acid in crop plants: goals and opportunities. Plant Physiol. 147: 954-961. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.118091
Wang, C, H. Y. Liu, Y. M. Wang, Z. Q. Yang, J. X. Liu, Y. M. Wu, T. Yan, & H. W. Ye. 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation of methionine and lysine on milk production and nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93: 3661-3670. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2750
Zhang, J. J., T. Yu, K. Lou, P. H. Mao, E. T. Wang, W. F. Chen, & W. X. Chen. 2014. Genotypic alteration and competitive nodulation of Mesorhizobium muleiense against exotic chickpea rhizobia in alkaline soils. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 520-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2014.07.004
Authors
HutapeaP. S., AbdullahL., KartiP. D. M. H., & AnasI. (2018). Improvement of Indigofera zollingeriana Production and Methionine Content through Inoculation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 41(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2018.41.1.37
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