Microhabitat of Endangered Species, Lonchura oryzivora in Malang City, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
-
urban, sparrow, environment
Abstract
Malang City, located in Java, Indonesia, faces significant anthropogenic pressures but remains an important habitat for the endangered Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora). Understanding how Java sparrows adapt to environments with high levels of human activity is essential for their conservation. This study focused on identifying the distribution of Java sparrows and investigating their habitat selection within Malang City. The bird positions were recorded within the tree canopy, and the frequency of canopy use by the birds was determined. Living in the middle of the city impacts the metabolism of birds, as indicated by taking samples and measuring the levels of lead found in their droppings and vegetation used. Encounters near the center of human activity show they can utilize buildings and vegetation they utilize. The Java sparrows predominantly utilize plant parts at the tree level, particularly focusing on the middle canopy part of the edge (TTt) and the middle part (TT). Laboratory tests revealed that the plants utilized by the Java sparrow contain high lead levels. Therefore, to conserve the Java sparrow, it is crucial to improve the quality of their habitat to make it more natural and conduct regular health monitoring to ensure their well-being.
References
2. Chukwu, T.M.; Morse, S.; Murphy, R. Poor Air Quality in Urban Settings : A Comparison of Perceptual Indicators , Causes and Management in Two Cities. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1438, doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031438.
3. Suheriyanto, D.; Madapuri, G.N.; Wahyudi, D. Identification of Tree Species and Their Potential as Carbon Stock in Three Urban Forests of Malang City , Indonesia. J. Biota 2024, 10, 44–51, doi:https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v10i1.19929.
4. Handoyo, F.; Hakim, L.; Leksono, A.S. Analisis Potensi Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kota Malang Sebagai Areal Pelestarian Burung. J-Pal 2016, 7, 86–95.
5. Khoiriyah, K.; Rahmawati, S.; Adriani, N.K.W.M.; Gustiani, A.; Ramadhana, N.; Aryanti, N.A. Karakteristik Lingkungan Sebagai Habitat Odonata Di Kota Malang. J. Ilmu Lingkung. 2023, 21, 565–573, doi:10.14710/jil.21.3.565-573.
6. Azizah, A.; Mustafa, I.; Gama, Z.; Leksono, A. The Diversity and Abundance of Butterfly (Lepidoptera) in Several Urban Green Spaces of Malang City. In Proceedings of the IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science; 2021; p. 012057.
7. BirdLife International Species Factsheet: Padda Oryzivora Available online: http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/java-sparrow-padda-oryzivora/details.
8. Yuda, P. High Prevalence Level of Avian Malaria in the Wild Population of the Java Sparrow. Biota J. Ilm. Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati 2019, 2, 2–4, doi:10.24002/biota.v14i3.2583.
9. Yuda, P. Bio-Ekologi Dan Konservasi Gelatik Jawa (Padda Oryzivora); Cahaya Atma Pustaka: Yogyakarta, 2015;
10. Isaksson, C. Pollution and Its Impact on Wild Animals : A Meta-Analysis on Oxidative Stress. Ecohealth 2010, 7, 342–350, doi:10.1007/s10393-010-0345-7.
11. Richard, F.; Gigauri, M.; Bellini, G.; Rojas, O.; Runde, A. Warning on Nine Pollutants and Their Effects on Avian Communities. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 2021, 32, e01898, doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01898.
12. Mariyappan, M.; Rajendran, M.; Dinesh, G.K.; Solaimuthu, K. Ecological Role and Ecosystem Services of Birds : A Review. IJECC 2023, 13, 76–87, doi:10.9734/IJECC/2023/v13i61800.
13. Morrison, M.; Marcot, B.; Mannan, R. Wildlife–Habitat Relationships Concepts and Applications; third edit.; Island Press: Washington, D.C. ed, 2006; ISBN 1597260940.
14. Luca, F.; Perry, G.; Di Rienzo, A. Evolutionary Adaptations to Dietary Changes F. Annu Rev Nutr 2010, 30, 291–314, doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141048.Evolutionary.
15. Altmann, J. Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods. Behaviour 1973, 49, 227–266.
16. SNI SNI Air Dan Air Limbah – Bagian 8: Cara Uji Timbal (Pb) Secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) – Nyala; 2009; pp. 1–9;.
17. Ives, C.D.; Lentini, P.E.; Threlfall, C.G.; Ikin, K.; Shanahan, D.F.; Garrard, G.E.; Bekessy, S.A.; Fuller, R.A.; Mumaw, L.; Rayner, L.; et al. Cities Are Hotspots for Threatened Species. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 2016, 25, 117–126, doi:10.1111/geb.12404.
18. van Heezik, Y.; Seddon, P.J. Animal Reintroductions in Peopled Landscapes: Moving towards Urban-Based Species Restorations in New Zealand. Pacific Conserv. Biol. 2018, 24, 349–359, doi:10.1071/PC18026.
19. Ayujawi, S.A.; Winarni, N.L.; Pradana, D.H. Short Communication: Bird Correlations with Waste in Muara Gembong, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 2021, 22, 3872–3879, doi:10.13057/biodiv/d220933.
20. Zhang, S.; Zheng, G. Effect of Urbanization on the Abundance and Distribution of Tree Sparrows (Passer Montanus) in Beijing Effect of Urbanization on the Abundance and Distribution of Tree Sparrows (Passer Montanus) in Beijing. Chinese Birds 2010, 1, 188–197, doi:10.5122/cbirds.2010.0012.
21. Sophonrat, V.; Round, P.D.; Savini, T.; Gale, G.A. Factors Limiting the Current Distribution of the Introduced Java Sparrow (Lonchura Oryzivora) in Bangkok , Thailand. Raffles Bull. Zool. 2019, 67, 448–458, doi:10.26107/RBZ-2019-0036.
22. Yuni, L.P.E.K.; Wijaya, I.M.S.; Untung, M.; Widiyavedanta, G.O.; Congdenjit, E.; Yuda, P. Java Sparrow Lonchura Oryzivora at Bali Barat National Park: Do They Still Persist? J. Trop. Biodivers. Biotechnol. 2022, 7, 1–7, doi:10.22146/jtbb.71503.
23. Zhou, B.; Liu, J.; Liang, W. Breeding in a Noisy World: Attraction to Urban Arterial Roads and Preference for Nest-Sites by the Scaly-Breasted Munia (Lonchura Punctulata). Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 2020, 22, e00987, doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00987.
24. Gil-Fernández, M.; Harcourt, R.; Newsome, T.; Towerton, A.; Carthey, A. Adaptations of the Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) to Urban Environments in Sydney, Australia. J. Urban Ecol. 2020, 6, 1–9, doi:10.1093/jue/juaa009.
25. Balogh, A.L.; Ryder, T.B.; Marra, P.P. Population Demography of Gray Catbirds in the Suburban Matrix: Sources, Sinks and Domestic Cats. J. Ornithol. 2011, 152, 717–726, doi:10.1007/s10336-011-0648-7.
26. BirdLife International Species Factsheet: Alcedo Atthis Available online: https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/common-kingfisher-alcedo-atthis (accessed on 16 March 2024).
27. Ramos-elvira, E.; Banda, E.; Arizaga, J.; Mart, D.; Aguirre, J.I. Long-Term Population Trends of House Sparrow and Eurasian Tree Sparrow in Spain. Birds 2023, 4, 159–170, doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ birds4020013.
28. Šálek, M.; Riegert, J.; Grill, S. House Sparrows Passer Domesticus and Tree Sparrows Passer Montanus : Fine-Scale Distribution , Population Densities , and Habitat Selection in a Central European City. Acta Ornithol. 2015, 50, 221–232, doi:10.3161/00016454AO2015.50.2.010.
29. Fish, A.C.; Deperno, C.S.; Schillaci, J.M.; Moorman, C.E. Fledgling Bachman ’ s Sparrows in a Longleaf Pine Ecosystem : Survival , Movements , and Habitat Selection. J. F. Ornithol. 2020, 91, 354–366, doi:10.1111/jofo.12345.
30. Whelan, C.J.; Brown, J.S.; Hank, A.E. Diet Preference in the House Sparrow Passer Domesticus : Hooked on Millet ? Bird Study 2015, 62, 569–573, doi:10.1080/00063657.2015.1089838.
31. Islam, K. Java Sparrow (Padda Oryzivora), Version 1.1. In Birds of the World Available online: https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/javspa/cur/foodhabits.
32. Aryanti, N.A.; Wicaksono, R.H. Karakteristik Pemanfaatan Pohon Oleh Jalak Bali (Leucosar Rothschildi) Di Taman Nasional Bali Barat Wilayah SPTN III, Buleleng, Bali; 2018; Vol. 6;.
33. Khambali, I. Model Perencanaan Vegetasi Hutan Kota; 1st ed.; Andi: Yogyakarta, 2017;
34. Chung, D.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, S.Y.; Park, K.W.; Shim, K.Y. Efficacy of Pine Needles as Bioindicators of Air Pollution in Incheon, South Korea. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 2021, 12, 101063, doi:10.1016/j.apr.2021.101063.
35. Petrova, S.T. Efficiency of Pinus Nigra J.F. Arnold in Removing Pollutants from Urban Environment (Plovdiv, Bulgaria). Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2020, 27, 39490–39506, doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09975-8.
36. Fisher, I.J.; Pain, D.J.; Thomas, V.G. A Review of Lead Poisoning from Ammunition Sources in Terrestrial Birds. Biol. Conserv. 2006, 131, 421–432, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.018.
37. Asik, Y.; Kara, B. Variation in Avian Diversity in Relation to Plant Species in Urban Parks of Aydin, Turkey. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 2021, 19, 2013–2035, doi:10.15666/aeer/1903_20132035.
38. Wall, S.B.V. On the Relative Contributions of Wind vs. Animals to Seed Dispersal of Four Sierra Nevada Pines. Ecology 2008, 89, 1837–1849, doi:10.1890/07-0409.1.
39. Eeva, T.; Raivikko, N.; Espín, S.; Sánchez-Virosta, P.; Ruuskanen, S.; Sorvari, J.; Rainio, M. Bird Feces as Indicators of Metal Pollution: Pitfalls and Solutions. Toxics 2020, 8, 1–13, doi:10.3390/toxics8040124.
40. De Francisco, N.; Ruiz Troya, J.D.; Agüera, E.I. Lead and Lead Toxicity in Domestic and Free Living Birds. Avian Pathol. 2003, 32, 3–13, doi:10.1080/0307945021000070660.
41. Salmo’n, P.; Nilsson, J.F.; Nord, A.; Bensch, S.; Isaksson, C. Urban Environment Shortens Telomere Length in Nestling Great Tits , Parus Major. Biol. Lett 2016, 12, 20160155.
42. Bauerová, P.; Vinklerová, J.; Hraníček, J.; Čorba, V.; Vojtek, L.; Svobodová, J.; Vinkler, M. Associations of Urban Environmental Pollution with Health-Related Physiological Traits in a Free-Living Bird Species. Sci. Total Environ. 2017, 601–602, 1556–1565, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.276.
43. Pacyna, A.D.; Ruman, M.; Mazerski, J.; Polkowska, Ż. Biological Responses to Environmental Contamination . How Can Metal Pollution Impact Signal Honesty in Avian Species ? Ecol. Evol. 2016, 2018, 7733–7739, doi:10.1002/ece3.4192.
44. Segura, L.N.; Mahler, B. Male Red-Crested Cardinal Plumage Coloration Is Associated with Parental Abilities and Breeding Performance. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 1–11, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47498-6.
45. Apfelbeck, B.; Snep, R.P.H.; Hauck, T.E.; Ferguson, J.; Holy, M.; Jakoby, C.; Scott MacIvor, J.; Schär, L.; Taylor, M.; Weisser, W.W. Designing Wildlife-Inclusive Cities That Support Human-Animal Co-Existence. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2020, 200, 103817, doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103817.
46. Mardiastuti, A. Urban Park Design for Bird Diversity : Theory and Application in Landscape and Site Scales. In Proceedings of the IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science; 2020; p. 012026.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Media Konservasi is an open access journal, meaning that all content is freely available without charge to the user or their institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without needing to request prior permission from the publisher or the author.
All articles published by Media Konservasi are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided proper credit is given to the original authors.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that the copyright of published manuscripts is retained by the authors. Copyright encompasses the exclusive rights of authors to reproduce, distribute, and sell any part of the journal articles in all forms and media. Reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases, and its transmission by any form or media is allowed without written permission from Media Konservasi.
