EVALUASI TOKSISITAS, AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTIOKSIDAN KOMPONEN BIOAKTIF ROSELA DENGAN VARIASI JENIS PELARUT

Abstract

The toxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract was investigated in this
study. Extraction was carried out using 70%ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. Qualitative method was used to
determine the phytochemical calyx content, Brine Shrimp Lethality for toxicity test, antibacterial test was done
against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were using disc diffusion method. Total antioxidant activity
determination by the ferric thiocyanate method. The results showed that bioactive compounds in roselle calyx
were flavonoid, phenolic, tannin, alkaloid, and steroid. Seventy percent ethanol could extract higher phenolic
(19.45 + 0.32 mg/g) compared to ethyl acetate and hexane, which were only extract 7.51 + 0.49 mg/g and 2.73+
0.31 mg/g respectively, therefore 70% ethanol more effective compared to the other solvent. The 70% ethanol
extract showed the highest activity (510.613μg/mL) compare to ethyl acetate (1241.983μg/mL) and hexane
(1718.446μg/mL) respectively. Seventy percent ethanol and ethyl acetate extract also had antibacterial activity.
Inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus 7.7 + 2.01 mm and 7.53 + 2.19 mm and against Escherichia coli
13.28 + 3.30 mm, 12.35 + 3.13 mm respectively. There was no inhibitory zone for crude hexane extract. The
antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol (439.3270 μL/mL) higher than hexane (587.916μL/mL) and ethyl acetate
(481.392 μL/mL).
Keywords: antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, Hibiscus sabdariffa, toxicity,