Factors Affecting the Capacity and the Interdependence of Progressive Farmers in West Java Indonesia
Abstract
Rendahnya kapasitas penyuluh swadaya menyebabkan fungsinya dalam memberdayakan petani cenderung tergantung penyuluh pemerintah (PNS/THL-TBPP), dan sebagian besar organisasi yang di bina oleh penyuluh swadaya berbasis bantuan pemerintah yang keberlanjutannya selalu tergantung terhadap jangka waktu pelaksanaan program. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kapasitas dan kemandirian penyuluh swadaya serta faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas dan kemandiriannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survei dengan teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling, diperoleh 224 responden yang mewakili penyuluh swadaya di empat kabupaten (Bogor, Karawang, Majalengka dan Sukabumi) di Jawa Barat. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Pengolahan data menggunakan teknik deskriptif dan path analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyuluh swadaya memiliki tingkat kapasitas yang baik dalam pemberdayaan petani. Penyuluh swadaya juga memiliki tingkat kemandirian dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penyuluh swadaya memiliki inisiatif dan kemauan keras untuk mewujudkan harapannya (daya saing), mampu bekerja sama dengan pihak lain dalam kedudukan yang setara (daya sanding), dan mempunyai daya saring yang tinggi dalam menetapkan pilihan tindakan terbaik bagi kegiatan pemberdayaan petani. Faktor yang memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian penyuluh swadaya adalah modal sosial masyarakat yang memberikan kontribusi tinggi, dan diikuti secara berurutan oleh factor usia, akses terhadap teknologi informasi, akses sumber informasi konvensional, dan tingkat pendidikan formal yang di dukung oleh adanya peningkatan kapasitas individu penyuluh swadaya.
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