KRITERIA ALOKASI TANGKAPAN TUNA UNTUK KOMISI TUNA SAMUDERA HINDIA (IOTC)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Catch allocation scheme generally establish based on country’s historic catch data. Growing membership from coastal states in the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), raise issue about the importance of geographical position in determining a catch allocation criteria. In 2009, Scientific Committee of IOTC estimated that landings of yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna had nearly or even exceeded its maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Therefore, in 2010, IOTC adopted resolution to establish a system and criteria on allocation of catch for yellow fin and bigeye tuna and invited member countries to submit proposal. Indonesia proposes criteria on historic catch, economic dependency toward tuna, coastal state status, bio-ecological significance of the fishing ground, IOTC membership and level of compliance. Japan, which represents the state long-distance fishing, proposes historic catch, sustainable management plan, IOTC membership, level of compliance, financial contribution, contribution to research and data collection, and utilization of allocated quota.Objective of the research is to analyse comparation of both proposals with regards to coastal states’ rights and jurisdiction in accord with UNCLOS 1982 and resource management rights concept in Schlager and Ostrom (1992). The research used a qualitative approach in which literature and report reviews had been conducted as data collection method, strengthened with depth interviews of resource persons, particularly Indonesia’s delegates and other relevant parties. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively using simulation calculations according to the proposed criteria. Results show that Indonesian proposed criteriaprovide advantages for coastal states, but will be disadvantaged for Japan and other distant fishing countries. It needs an approach and further deliberation to reach agreement on tuna catch allocation criteria in the IOTC.
Keywords: catch allocation criteria, coastal states, management rights
ABSTRAK
Skema alokasi kuota tangkapan seringkali ditentukan berdasarkan catatan sejarah hasil tangkapan armada tiap negara. Meningkatnya keanggotaan Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) yang berasal dari negara pantai di Samudera Hindia, menjadikan kriteria alokasi tangkapan berdasarkan posisi geografis menjadi isu yang sangat penting. Pada tahun 2009, stok tuna sirip kuning (yellowfin) dan tuna mata besar (bigeye) di Samudera Hindia diduga telah mendekati atau bahkan melebihi perkiraan nilai maximum sustainable yield (MSY) nya. Oleh sebab itu tahun 2010, IOTC mengeluarkan resolusi untuk menyusun sistem dan kriteria alokasi tangkapan dan meminta usulan proposal. Kriteria yang diusulkan Indonesia meliputi sejarah penangkapan, ketergantungan ekonomi terhadap tuna, posisi negara pantai, signifikansi perairan negara, keanggotaan IOTC dan tingkat kepatuhan. Adapun Jepang yang mewakili negara penangkap ikan jarak jauh mengusung kriteria sejarah penangkapan, rencana perikanan berkelanjutan, keanggotaan IOTC, tingkat kepatuhan, kontribusi keuangan, kontribusi pada riset dan pendataan serta tingkat pemanfaatan alokasi kuota. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kriteria kedua usulan tersebut dari sudut pandang hak-hak negara pantai dalam konvensi hukum laut internasional dan konsep kepemilikan sumber daya ikan (Schlager dan Ostrom 1992). Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dimana data dan informasi diperoleh melalui kajian pustaka dan wawancara terhadap ketua atau anggota delegasi Indonesia serta pihak-pihak terkait lainnya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan simulasi perhitungan sesuai kriteria yang diusulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kriteria yang diusulkan Indonesia lebih menguntungkan bagi Indonesia, tetapi membuat Jepang dan negara penangkap ikan jarak jauh sulit untuk menerimanya. Diperlukan pendekatan dan diskusi lebih lanjut untuk mencapai kesepakatan kriteria alokasi tangkapan tuna di IOTC.
Kata kunci: kriteria alokasi tangkapan, negara pantai, hak pengelolaanDownloads
Author(s) who published in this journal agree to following terms:
- Author(s) must understand and agree that the copyright script in published owned by the Marine Fisheries Journal. The copyright includes reproducing and selling the manuscript to all parties.
- Everyone can cite every manuscript published in Marine Fisheries for educational purposes, with the author's name and the Marine Fisheries Journal on reference.