ANALISIS KERENTANAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP AKIBAT PERUBAHAN IKLIM PADA SKALA PROVINSI (Province Scaled Fisheries Vulnerability on Climate Change)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Fisheries has significant roles for the Indonesian economy. Climate change influences Indonesian fisheries through a range of direct and indirect pathaway. A scientific based approach such as vulnerability is needed to determine the risks of climate change and adaptation strategies. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the vulnerability of fisheries to climate change on province scaled in Indonesia. Vulnerability index (VI) is obtained with composite index of exposure (EI), sensitivity (SI) and adaptive capacity (ACI) of ten provinces representing the eastern and western parts of Indonesia by using purposive sampling method. Source of data for indices variables were using recorded datas from relevant institutions. The results showed that fisheries status of North Sulawesi (VI = 0,78), Central Sulawesi (VI = 0,72) and Gorontalo (VI = 0,61) were very vulnerable despite the composition of constituent vulnerability index was different. This difference determined the specific policies to be taken to each province to reduce vulnerability. Short term policies are taken to reduce the vulnerability of the most vulnerable areas on Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah, and Gorontalo. Medium term policy is carried out in high sensitivity areas, namely Kepulauan Riau, Sulawesi Utara, and Kalimantan Timur and in low adaptive capacity areas such as Jambi, Gorontalo and Bangka Belitung. Long term policy is conducted for areas with high exposure such as Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Utara and Kalimantan Timur.
Keywords: Climate change, fisheries, vulnerability, province
ABSTRAK
Perikanan tangkap memiliki peranan penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Adanya perubahan iklim akan berdampak merugikan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung pada perikanan tangkap Indonesia. Suatu pendekatan ilmiah diperlukan untuk menentukan risiko perubahan iklim dan strategi adaptasi perikanan tangkap, salah satunya adalah analisis kerentanan (Vulnerability). Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kerentanan perikanan tangkap akibat perubahan iklim pada skala provinsi di Indonesia. Indeks kerentanan (VI) didapatkan dengan mengkompositkan indeks keterpaparan (EI), kepekaan (SI) dan kapasitas adaptif (ACI) dari sepuluh provinsi yang mewakili bagian timur dan barat Indonesia dengan metode purposive sampling. Sumber variabel penyusun indeks variabel menggunakaan rekaman data dari instansi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa provinsi Sulawesi Utara (VI=0,78), Sulawesi Tengah (VI=0,72) dan Gorontalo (VI=0,61) berstatus sangat rentan walaupun komposisi penyusun indeks kerentanannya tidak sama. Perbedaan ini menentukan bahwa jenis kebijakan yang diambil menjadi spesifik pada tiap provinsi untuk mengurangi kerentanan. Short term policy diambil untuk mengurangi dapak di daerah yang paling rentan yaitu Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Gorontalo. Medium term policy dilakukan pada daerah yang kepekaannya tinggi yaitu Kepulauan Riau, Sulawesi Utara, dan Kalimantan Timur dan kapasitas adaptifnya rendah yaitu Jambi, Gorontalo dan Bangka Belitung. Long term policy dilakukan untuk daerah yang keterpaparannya tinggi yaitu Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Utara dan Kalimantan Timur.Kata kunci: perubahan iklim, perikanan tangkap, kerentanan, provinsi
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