ASPEK KESELAMATAN DITINJAU DARI STABILITAS KAPAL DAN REGULASI PADA KAPAL POLE AND LINE DI BITUNG, SULAWESI UTARA (Safety Aspects Pole and liner From Ship Stability and Regulation Point of View in Bitung, North Sulawesi)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Has become a common understanding that fishing is a risky job, so the safety aspects on board is an important factor that must be considered. Fishing vessels should also be supported with design and good stability, so that fishing activities can run smoothly and avoid the danger of accidents. Pole and liner in Bitung is quite varied and the ships were built in traditional dockyard and not based on the calculation and construction planning and design. One of the instruments on fishing vessel operational safety assurance is the implementation of the regulation, both nationally and internationally. At the international level, many regulations governing the safety of the ship in respect of fish. While national regulations relating to the safety of fishing vessels has not been consistent and in harmony, hence the assessment regulations relating to fishing vessel safety improvement needs to be done to determine the extent of the responsibility of government and the extent of the application of the existing rules. The general objective of this study was to determine the safety aspects of pole and line vessels, while the specific goal are: (1) review and analyze to get the quality stability of the ship (2) identify and assess safety-related regulatory review pole and line vessels in Bitung. The results showed that the quality of the stability of the vessel pole and line in the four conditions of the charge distribution in a state of good stability. It is represented by the value of all the parameters that are above the standard value IMO. In the simulated load conditions, the maximum GZ value at the time the vessel is in operation, while the GZ smallest value in an empty load case ship condition. There are seven international policy and five national policies relevant to the safety of fishing vessels. International policies clearly have established the safety of the ship and crew of fishing vessels, but implementation at the national level is still lacking and not aligned.
Keywords: pole and liner, quality stability, regulation
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ABSTRAK
Telah menjadi pemahaman umum bahwa kegiatan penangkapan ikan merupakan suatu pekerjaan beresiko, sehingga aspek keselamatan diatas kapal merupakan faktor terpenting yang harus diperhatikan. Kapal ikan juga harus didukung dengan desain dan stabilitas yang baik, sehingga kegiatan penangkapan ikan dapat berjalan lancar dan terhindar dari bahaya kecelakaan. Armada kapal pole and line di Bitung cukup bervariasi dan kapal-kapal tersebut dibangun digalangan tradisional yang tidak berdasarkan perhitungan dan perencanaan konstruksi dan desain. Salah satu instrumen dalam jaminan keselamatan operasional kapal ikan adalah pelaksanaan peraturan, baik nasional maupun internasional. Pada tingkat internasional, banyak regulasi yang mengatur berkenaan dengan keselamatan kapal ikan. Sementara peraturan nasional yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan kapal ikan belum sejalan dan selaras, karenanya pengkajian regulasi terkait dengan peningkatan keselamatan kapal ikan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tanggung jawab pemerintah dan sejauh mana penerapan aturan yang ada. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan aspek keselamatan kapal pole and line, sedangkan tujuan khususnya adalah: (1) mengkaji dan menganalisis untuk mendapatkan kualitas stabilitas kapal (2) mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji tinjauan regulasi terkait keselamatan kapal pole and line di Bitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas stabilitas kapal pole and line pada empat kondisi distribusi muatan dalam keadaan stabilitas yang baik. Hal ini diwakili oleh nilai semua parameter yang berada di atas nilai standar IMO. Pada kondisi simulasi muatan, nilai GZ maksimum berada pada saat kapal beroperasi, sementara nilai GZ terkecil pada kondisi kapal muatan kosong. Terdapat tujuh kebijakan internasional dan lima kebijakan nasional yang relevan dengan keselamatan kapal ikan. Kebijakan internasional jelas telah menetapkan keselamatan kapal dan awak kapal penangkap ikan, tetapi implementasi di tingkat nasional masih kurang dan belum selaras.
Kata kunci: Kapal pole and line, kualitas stabilitas, regulasi
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