KARAKTERISTIK PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI PERAIRAN LAUT KABUPATEN SIMEULUE (Characteristics of Capture Fisheries in Simeulue Districts Sea Waters Area)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Simeulue Regency has ± 9.968,16 km2 marine waters area consist of 64 islands (large and small) with high potentials of capture fisheries. However, the management of sustainable fisheries in Simeulue Regency has not optimal yet. Informations about catch composition, diversity index and fishing gear productivity are needed as a reference in policy management decision. The purpose of this research are to determine the compositions of catch, to calculate the fish biodiversity and fishing gear productivity. The research was conducted in Simeulue Regency from December 2013 to January 2014. The method used was purposive sampling survey. Fishing units which observed such as lift net, beach seines, longlines and other collecting gears. Result in five research locations are Simeulue Timur, Teupah Selatan, Teluk Dalam, Simeulue Barat and Teupah Tengah, there were 50 fish species which dominated by Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru), slipmouths (Leiognathus spp), Indian anchovy (Stolephorus spp), scad (Selar spp) and frigate tuna (Auxis thazard). Biodiversity index (H ') value was beetween 1.40 to 2.67 with average of 1.87, it describes that biodiversity was in the moderate category. Furthermore, the evenness index (E) was in the category of relatively even from 0.58 to 0.89 with the average of 0.74. Dominance index values (D) was beetween 0.09 – 0.33 with average of 0.24, which means that there were not any dominating species. The highest value of productivity (CPUE) was lift net with 603.3 kg/trip and the lowest was lobster or sea cucumber collecting gears with 81.8 kg/trip.
Key words: composition, diversity index, productivity, Simeulue
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ABSTRAK
Kabupaten Simeulue memiliki luas wilayah perairan laut ± 9.968,16 km² dengan 64 pulau besar dan kecil. Wilayah tersebut memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap yang sangat tinggi, meskipun pengelolaan perikanan tangkap berkelanjutannya masih belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, informasi mengenai komposisi hasil tangkapan, indeks keragaman dan produktivitas alat tangkap sangat diperlukan sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan kebijakan pengelolaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan, indeks keragaman jenis ikan dan produktivitas alat penangkapan ikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Simeulue antara bulan Desember 2013 - Januari 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei secara purposive sampling. Jenis alat tangkap yang menjadi objek penelitian berupa bagan, pukat pantai, rawai dan alat pengumpul. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada lima lokasi yang berbeda, yaitu Kecamatan Simeulue Timur, Teupah Selatan, Teluk Dalam, Simeulue Barat dan Teupah Tengah, diperoleh 50 spesies ikan yang didominasi oleh lemuru (Sardinella lemuru), peperek (Leiognathus spp.), teri (Stolephorus spp.), selar (Selar spp.) dan tongkol (Auxis thazard). Indeks keragaman (H’) berkisar antara 1,40 – 2,67 dengan rata-rata 1,87 yang berada pada kategori keanekaragaman sedang. Selanjutnya, nilai indeks kemerataan (E) berada pada kategori lebih merata 0,58 – 0,89 dengan rata-rata 0,74. Sementara nilai indeks dominansi (D) berkisar antara 0,17 - 0,33 dengan rata-rata 0,24 atau tidak terdapat spesies yang mendominasi. Nilai produktivitas (CPUE) tertinggi terdapat pada bagan sebesar 603,3 kg/trip dan terendah pada alat pengumpul lobster/tripang 81,8 kg/trip.
Kata kunci: komposisi, indeks keragaman, produktivitas, Simeulue
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