PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL: PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN NELAYAN DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENANGKAPAN IKAN (Small-Scale Fishing: Fishers Decision-Making in Relation to Fishing Factors in Conserving Sustainability of Fishing)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The human element is an important key factor in the success of small-scale fishing activities. Knowledge of decision-making by fishermen in choosing the location of fishing will determine the sustainability of fisheries resources. There were two aims in this paper which are to explore factors that influenced the decision-making process and to determine how to choose fishing grounds. This method used content analysis to examine the relevant literature. Results showed that some factors that influence decision making process were weather, currents, familiarity with fishing grounds, sources and sharing information, available resources, recent catch effort, socio-historical-cultural and economic factors. Choosing fishing location was determined by the safely routes, travel costs, profit maximization, information, environmental factors, and individual personality.
Key words: decision-making process, small-scale fishers
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ABSTRAK
Unsur manusia merupakan faktor kunci penting dalam suksesnya kegiatan penangkapan ikan skala kecil. Pengetahuan tentang pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan dalam memilih lokasi penangkapan ikan akan menentukan keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan. Ada dua tujuan yang ingin dicapai yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan nelayan skala kecil dalam hal penangkapan ikan dan cara menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur / studi pustaka dari berbagai jurnal penelitian. Hasil telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa faktor cuaca, arus angin, familiar dengan lokasi, berbagi pengalaman dengan nelayan lainnya, hasil tangkapan sebelumnya, ketersediaan sumberdaya, faktor lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, budaya, berpengaruh dalam proses pengambilan keputusan nelayan. Nelayan menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan dilakukan dengan cara memilih rute perjalanan yang aman, memperhitungkan biaya operasional penangkapan ikan, mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal, informasi, faktor lingkungan, ataupun kepribadian individu.
Kata kunci: proses pengambilan keputusan, nelayan skala kecil
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