Flood Hazard Maping Using QGIS Spatial Analysis in Bangko and Masjid Watershed at Riau, Indonesia
Abstract
Flooding is a natural occurrence hazardous to people and properties and produces environmental and economic losses, especially in flood-prone areas. This study will be used to assess flood risk in the Bangko and Masjid watersheds. To analyze it, flood hazard mapping is arranged by slope, land cover, elevation, rainfall, buffer zone, and soil type, which is done with the help of a Geographic Information System (GIS), specifically QuantumGIS (QGIS). This system tool assesses each variable utilizing satellite spatial data and categorizes the vulnerability being very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Each map arrangement value is combined using an overlay value to determine the flood susceptibility. According to the mapping results, the Bangko and Masjid watersheds are highly vulnerable to flooding. Based on the results of the mapping, in the Bangko watershed 61% of the total area is vulnerable to flooding, and 20% has high to very high vulnerability, while in the Mosque watershed 84% of the area is vulnerable to flooding and 11% of the total area has high vulnerability. to very high. After validation of areas that are often affected by floods, it is known that these areas are in vulnerable to very vulnerable areas. This is due to the low watershed elevation and flat slope and high rainfall, as well as residential areas close to the river in the watershed. This is due to the watershed's low elevation and flat slope and the high rainfall, and the residential area close to the river in the watershed area. Hence, it is vital to establish a convenient and straight-off understandable flood hazard map that emphasizes the management mitigation effects.
References
Ariyani D, Aprilia V, Tri Juniati A, Dewi A, Kurnia F. 2020. Curve Number Method to Determine the Runoff Height in the Upper Cimanuk Watershed. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 852:12020.doi:10.1088/1757-899X/852/1/012020.
Ariyani D, Wulandari A, Juniati A, Nur Arini R. 2021. Rainwater Harvesting for Water Security in Campus (case study Engineering Faculty in University of Pancasila). J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1858(1):1–9.doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012020.
Auliagisni W, Wilkinson S, Elkharboutly M. 2022. Progress in Disaster Science Using community-based flood maps to explain flood hazards in Northland , New Zealand. Prog. Disaster Sci. 14(January):100229.doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100229.
Bourenane H, Bouhadad Y, Guettouche MS. 2019. Flood hazard mapping in urban area using the hydrogeomorphological approach: case study of the Boumerzoug and Rhumel alluvial plains (Constantine city, NE Algeria). J. African Earth Sci..doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103602.
Breinl K, Lun D, Müller-Thomy H, Blöschl G. 2021. Understanding the relationship between rainfall and flood probabilities through combined intensity-duration-frequency analysis. J. Hydrol. 602:126759.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126759.
Butt A, Shabbir R, Ahmad SS, Aziz N. 2015. Land use change mapping and analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS: A case study of Simly watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan. Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 18(2):251–259.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.07.003.
Clegg G, Haigh R, Amaratunga D, Rahayu H, Karunarathna H, Septiadi D. 2021. A Conceptual Framework for Flood Impact Mitigation Through Transboundary River Management. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol. 11(3):880.doi:10.18517/ijaseit.11.3.14329.
Deng Z, Zhu X, He Q, Tang L. 2019. ScienceDirect Land use / land cover classification using time series Landsat 8 images in a heavily urbanized area. Adv. Sp. Res..doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.12.005.
Desalegn H, Mulu A. 2021. Mapping flood inundation areas using GIS and HEC-RAS model at Fetam River , Upper Abbay Basin , Ethiopia. Sci. African. 12:e00834.doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00834.
Elkhrachy I. 2015. Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Satellite Images and GIS Tools: A case study of Najran City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 18(2):261–278.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.06.007.
Elmoustafa AM. 2012. Weighted normalized risk factor for floods risk assessment. Ain Shams Eng. J. 3(4):327–332.doi:10.1016/j.asej.2012.04.001.
Ezzine A, Saidi S, Hermassi T, Kammessi I, Darragi F, Rajhi H. 2020. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences Flood mapping using hydraulic modeling and Sentinel-1 image : Case study of Medjerda Basin , northern Tunisia. Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 23(3):303–310.doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2020.03.001.
Janizadeh S, Chandra S, Saha A, Chowdhuri I, Ahmadi K, Mirzaei S, Hossein A, Tiefenbacher JP. 2021. Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of flood hazard affected by climate and land-use changes in the future. J. Environ. Manage. 298(February):113551.doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113551.
Lee C-M, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim H, Hamm S-Y. 2021. Characterizing land use effect on shallow groundwater contamination by using self-organizing map and buffer zone. Sci. Total Environ. 800:149632.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149632.
Lei X, Chen W, Panahi M, Falah F, Rahmati O, Uuemaa E, Kalantari Z, Sofia C, Ferreira S, Rezaie F, et al. 2021. Urban flood modeling using deep-learning approaches in Seoul , South Korea. J. Hydrol. 601:126684.doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126684.
Mudashiru RB, Sabtu N, Abustan I, Balogun W. 2021. Flood hazard mapping methods: A review. J. Hydrol. 603:126846.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126846.
Münch A, Nielsen SPP, Racz VJ, Hjalager A-M. 2016. Towards multifunctionality of rural natural environments?—An economic valuation of the extended buffer zones along Danish rivers, streams and lakes. Land use policy. 50:1–16.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.08.024.
Musolino G, Ahmadian R, Falconer RA. 2021. Comparison of flood hazard assessment criteria for pedestrians with a refined mechanics-based method. J. Hydrol. X. 9(July 2020):100067.doi:10.1016/j.hydroa.2020.100067.
Pabi O, Egyir S, Morgan E. 2021. Flood hazard response to scenarios of rainfall dynamics and land use and land cover change in an urbanized river basin in Accra , Ghana. City Environ. Interact. 12(September):1–10.doi:10.1016/j.cacint.2021.100075.
Rimba A, Setiawati M, Sambah A, Miura F. 2017. Physical Flood Vulnerability Mapping Applying Geospatial Techniques in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Urban Sci. 1(1):7.doi:10.3390/urbansci1010007.
Sachdeva S, Kumar B. 2022. Ecological Informatics Flood susceptibility mapping using extremely randomized trees for Assam 2020 floods. Ecol. Inform. 67(November 2021):101498.doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101498.
Seejata K, Yodying A, Wongthadam T, Mahavik N, Tantanee S. 2018. Assessment of flood hazard areas using Analytical Hierarchy Process over the Lower Yom Basin, Sukhothai Province. Procedia Eng. 212:340–347.doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.044.
Shale G, Bantider A, Abebe K, Geneletti D. 2020. Journal of Hydrology : Regional Studies Geographic information system ( GIS ) -Based multicriteria analysis of flooding hazard and risk in Ambo Town and its watershed , West shoa zone , oromia regional State , Ethiopia. J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud. 27(January):100659.doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100659.
Stephens TA, Bledsoe BP. 2020. Probabilistic mapping of flood hazards: Depicting uncertainty in streamflow, land use, and geomorphic adjustment. Anthropocene. 29:100231.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100231.
Suthirat K, Athit P, Patchapun R, Brundiers K, Buizer JL, Melnick R. 2020. AHP-GIS analysis for flood hazard assessment of the communities nearby the world heritage site on Ayutthaya Island, Thailand. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct.:101612.doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101612.
Tavares da Costa R, Manfreda S, Luzzi V, Samela C, Mazzoli P, Castellarin A, Bagli S. 2019. A web application for hydrogeomorphic flood hazard mapping. Environ. Model. Softw. 118:172–186.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.04.010.
Tian Q, Brown DG, Bao S, Qi S. 2015. Assessing and mapping human well-being for sustainable development amid flood hazards: Poyang Lake Region of China. Appl. Geogr. 63:66–76.doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.06.007.
Toosi AS, Calbimonte GH, Nouri H, Alaghmand S. 2019. River basin-scale flood hazard assessment using a modified multi- criteria decision analysis approach : A case study. J. Hydrol..doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.072.
Toosi AS, Doulabian S, Tousi EG. 2020. Large-scale flood hazard assessment under climate change : A case study. Ecol. Eng. 147(March):105765.doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105765.
Uddin K, Matin MA. 2021. Potential flood hazard zonation and flood shelter suitability mapping for disaster risk mitigation in Bangladesh using geospatial technology. Prog. Disaster Sci. 11:100185.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100185.
Ariyani D, Wulandari A, Juniati A, Nur Arini R. 2021. Rainwater Harvesting for Water Security in Campus (case study Engineering Faculty in University of Pancasila). J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1858(1):1–9.doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012020.
Auliagisni W, Wilkinson S, Elkharboutly M. 2022. Progress in Disaster Science Using community-based flood maps to explain flood hazards in Northland , New Zealand. Prog. Disaster Sci. 14(January):100229.doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100229.
Bourenane H, Bouhadad Y, Guettouche MS. 2019. Flood hazard mapping in urban area using the hydrogeomorphological approach: case study of the Boumerzoug and Rhumel alluvial plains (Constantine city, NE Algeria). J. African Earth Sci..doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103602.
Breinl K, Lun D, Müller-Thomy H, Blöschl G. 2021. Understanding the relationship between rainfall and flood probabilities through combined intensity-duration-frequency analysis. J. Hydrol. 602:126759.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126759.
Butt A, Shabbir R, Ahmad SS, Aziz N. 2015. Land use change mapping and analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS: A case study of Simly watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan. Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 18(2):251–259.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.07.003.
Clegg G, Haigh R, Amaratunga D, Rahayu H, Karunarathna H, Septiadi D. 2021. A Conceptual Framework for Flood Impact Mitigation Through Transboundary River Management. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol. 11(3):880.doi:10.18517/ijaseit.11.3.14329.
Deng Z, Zhu X, He Q, Tang L. 2019. ScienceDirect Land use / land cover classification using time series Landsat 8 images in a heavily urbanized area. Adv. Sp. Res..doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.12.005.
Desalegn H, Mulu A. 2021. Mapping flood inundation areas using GIS and HEC-RAS model at Fetam River , Upper Abbay Basin , Ethiopia. Sci. African. 12:e00834.doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00834.
Elkhrachy I. 2015. Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Satellite Images and GIS Tools: A case study of Najran City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 18(2):261–278.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.06.007.
Elmoustafa AM. 2012. Weighted normalized risk factor for floods risk assessment. Ain Shams Eng. J. 3(4):327–332.doi:10.1016/j.asej.2012.04.001.
Ezzine A, Saidi S, Hermassi T, Kammessi I, Darragi F, Rajhi H. 2020. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences Flood mapping using hydraulic modeling and Sentinel-1 image : Case study of Medjerda Basin , northern Tunisia. Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci. 23(3):303–310.doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2020.03.001.
Janizadeh S, Chandra S, Saha A, Chowdhuri I, Ahmadi K, Mirzaei S, Hossein A, Tiefenbacher JP. 2021. Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of flood hazard affected by climate and land-use changes in the future. J. Environ. Manage. 298(February):113551.doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113551.
Lee C-M, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim M, Kim H, Hamm S-Y. 2021. Characterizing land use effect on shallow groundwater contamination by using self-organizing map and buffer zone. Sci. Total Environ. 800:149632.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149632.
Lei X, Chen W, Panahi M, Falah F, Rahmati O, Uuemaa E, Kalantari Z, Sofia C, Ferreira S, Rezaie F, et al. 2021. Urban flood modeling using deep-learning approaches in Seoul , South Korea. J. Hydrol. 601:126684.doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126684.
Mudashiru RB, Sabtu N, Abustan I, Balogun W. 2021. Flood hazard mapping methods: A review. J. Hydrol. 603:126846.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126846.
Münch A, Nielsen SPP, Racz VJ, Hjalager A-M. 2016. Towards multifunctionality of rural natural environments?—An economic valuation of the extended buffer zones along Danish rivers, streams and lakes. Land use policy. 50:1–16.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.08.024.
Musolino G, Ahmadian R, Falconer RA. 2021. Comparison of flood hazard assessment criteria for pedestrians with a refined mechanics-based method. J. Hydrol. X. 9(July 2020):100067.doi:10.1016/j.hydroa.2020.100067.
Pabi O, Egyir S, Morgan E. 2021. Flood hazard response to scenarios of rainfall dynamics and land use and land cover change in an urbanized river basin in Accra , Ghana. City Environ. Interact. 12(September):1–10.doi:10.1016/j.cacint.2021.100075.
Rimba A, Setiawati M, Sambah A, Miura F. 2017. Physical Flood Vulnerability Mapping Applying Geospatial Techniques in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Urban Sci. 1(1):7.doi:10.3390/urbansci1010007.
Sachdeva S, Kumar B. 2022. Ecological Informatics Flood susceptibility mapping using extremely randomized trees for Assam 2020 floods. Ecol. Inform. 67(November 2021):101498.doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101498.
Seejata K, Yodying A, Wongthadam T, Mahavik N, Tantanee S. 2018. Assessment of flood hazard areas using Analytical Hierarchy Process over the Lower Yom Basin, Sukhothai Province. Procedia Eng. 212:340–347.doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.044.
Shale G, Bantider A, Abebe K, Geneletti D. 2020. Journal of Hydrology : Regional Studies Geographic information system ( GIS ) -Based multicriteria analysis of flooding hazard and risk in Ambo Town and its watershed , West shoa zone , oromia regional State , Ethiopia. J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud. 27(January):100659.doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100659.
Stephens TA, Bledsoe BP. 2020. Probabilistic mapping of flood hazards: Depicting uncertainty in streamflow, land use, and geomorphic adjustment. Anthropocene. 29:100231.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100231.
Suthirat K, Athit P, Patchapun R, Brundiers K, Buizer JL, Melnick R. 2020. AHP-GIS analysis for flood hazard assessment of the communities nearby the world heritage site on Ayutthaya Island, Thailand. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct.:101612.doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101612.
Tavares da Costa R, Manfreda S, Luzzi V, Samela C, Mazzoli P, Castellarin A, Bagli S. 2019. A web application for hydrogeomorphic flood hazard mapping. Environ. Model. Softw. 118:172–186.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.04.010.
Tian Q, Brown DG, Bao S, Qi S. 2015. Assessing and mapping human well-being for sustainable development amid flood hazards: Poyang Lake Region of China. Appl. Geogr. 63:66–76.doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.06.007.
Toosi AS, Calbimonte GH, Nouri H, Alaghmand S. 2019. River basin-scale flood hazard assessment using a modified multi- criteria decision analysis approach : A case study. J. Hydrol..doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.072.
Toosi AS, Doulabian S, Tousi EG. 2020. Large-scale flood hazard assessment under climate change : A case study. Ecol. Eng. 147(March):105765.doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105765.
Uddin K, Matin MA. 2021. Potential flood hazard zonation and flood shelter suitability mapping for disaster risk mitigation in Bangladesh using geospatial technology. Prog. Disaster Sci. 11:100185.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100185.
Authors
AriyaniD., Kirana BalqisA., AbdaaD., Nur AriniR., Prautama DewiA. and Phratama KTS. (2023) “Flood Hazard Maping Using QGIS Spatial Analysis in Bangko and Masjid Watershed at Riau, Indonesia”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 13(3), pp. 362-371. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.13.3.362-371.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
