Spatial mapping of soil erosion prediction through integration USLE model into Geography Information System
Abstract
The application of USLE model to several watersheds in Indonesia shows the diversity of processes that affect soil erosion. The integration of USLE model into Geography Information System (GIS) is able to provide a spatial distribution of soil erosion classes. This study aims to predict the soil erosion rate in various land cover in Ciesek sub watershed by integrating the USLE model into GIS. Undisturbed and disturbed soil sampling was carried out based on soil map unit, accompanied by observations of soil physic characteristics. Soil erosion prediction was done using the raster calculator with input raster-based data that has a certain spatial resolution. Analysis of the erosion class distribution on various land cover and slope classes was carried out by using the cross tabulation method. The results showed that the very low soil erosion class was dominant in the study location, namely in areas with forest land cover. The highest predicted of soil erosion rate resulted from bare land, followed by moorland and mix garden.
References
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Anghel T, Todica S. 2008. Quantitative assessment of soil erosion using GIS empirical methods. A comparative study between the Motru mining area and the Sucevita catchment. Annals of Oradea University. Geography series 18:95-102.
Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Bogor (25): IPB Pr.
Asdak C. 2004. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan DAS. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Pr.
Anasiru RH. 2015. Perhitungan laju erosi metode USLE untuk pengukuran nilai ekonomi ekologi di Sub DAS Langge, Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian 18(3):273-289.
[BIG] Badan Informasi Geospasial. 2020. DEMNAS: Seamless Digital Elevation Model dan Batimetri Nasional. [Internet]. [diunduh 2020 Mar 5]. Tersedia pada: http://www.tides.big.go.id.
[BMKG] Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. 2017. Daftar Istilah Klimatologi. Balai Besar Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika Wilayah III. [Internet]. [diunduh pada 2020 Maret 30]. Tersedia pada http://www.balai3.denpasar.bmkg.go.id.
Bosco C, Rusco E, Montanarella L, Panagos P. 2009. Soil erosion in the Alpine area: risk assessment and climate change. Study Trentini di scienze naturali 85:117-123.
[BPDASHL] Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Airan Sungai Citarum Ciliwung. 2016. Aplikasi SWAT untuk Implementasi Rencana Tindak Pengelolaan DAS Citarum, Ciliwung, Cisadane. Bogor (25): BPDASHL Citarum Ciliwung, Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian DAS dan Hutan Lindung , Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Bukhari I, Lubis KS, Lubis A. 2015. Pendugaan erosi aktual berdasarkan metode USLE melalui pendekatan vegetasi, kemiringan Lereng, dan erodibilitas di Hulu Sub DAS Padang. Jurnal Online Agroteknologi 3(1):160-167. ISSN 2337-6597.
Dangler EW, El-Swaify SA. 1976. Erosion of selected Hawaii soils by simulated rainfall. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40: 769-773.
Dariah A, Subagyo H, Tafakresnanto, Marwan S. 2004. Kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi. Jurnal Akta Agrosia 8:2-3.
Departemen Kehutanan. 1998. Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Teknik Lapangan dan Konservasi Tanah. Jakarta (31): Departemen Kehutanan.
Fitri R. 2011. Prediksi erosi pada lahan pertanian di Sub DAS Krueng Simpo Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Hidrolitan 2(3):96-102.
Fitri R. 2018. Prediksi erosi pada lahan petani agroforestri di DAS Ciliwung Hulu, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Agrosains dan Teknologi 3(1):13-18. p ISSN 2528-0201, e ISSN 2528-3278.
Ganasri BP, Ramesh H. 2015. Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and gis – a case study of Nethravathi basin. Geoscience Frontier 30:1-9.
Google Earth. 2019. Citra tutupan lahan. [Internet]. [diunduh pada 2019 Jan 10]. Tersedia pada: http://www.earth.google.com.
Hardjowigeno S. 2003. Ilmu Tanah. Jakarta (31): Akademika Pressindo.
[ICRAFT] International Center for Research AgroForestry. 2001. Modelling Erosion at Different Scales, Case Study in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Lampung, Indonesia. International Report (Unpublished). Bogor (25): ICRAFT. 84p.
Kurnia U, Suwardjo H. 1984. Kepekaan erosi beberapa jenis tanah di Jawa menurut metode USLE. Pembrit. Penel. Tanah dan Pupuk 3:17-20.
Lee Ming-Hsi, Lin Huan-Hsuan. 2015. Evaluation of annual rainfall erosivity index based on daily, monthly, and annual precipitation data of rainfall station network in Southern Taiwan. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015:15p.doi: 10.1155/2015/214708.
Lillesand TM, Kieffer RW. 1997. Penginderaan Jauh dan Interpretasi Citra. Diterjemahkan oleh Dulbahri, Hartono et al. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Geografi UGM.
Ma J. 2001. Combining the USLE and GIS/ArcView for soil erosion estimation in Fall Creek Watershed in Ithaca, New York. [Internet]. [diunduh pada 2008 Feb 15]. Tersedia pada: http://www.ssc.bibalex.org.
Markov B, Nedkov S. 2016. Mapping of erosion regulation ecosystem services. in Bandrova T, Konecny M, eds. Proceeding of 6th International Conference on Cartography and GIS. [Internet]. [13-17 June 2016, Albena, Bulgaria]. Albena (BG): ICCGIS2016. p 97-108; [diunduh pada 2020 Mei 3]. Tersedia pada: http://cartography-gis.com.
Morgan RPC. 1979. Soil Erosion. London: Longmans.
Murtilaksono K. 2013. Penyelarasan Implementasi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai di Indonesia. Bogor.
Lal R. 1994. Soil Erosion by Wind and Water. Problem and Prospects. In: Lal, R (Ed). Soil Erosion Research Method. Florida: Soil and Water Conservation Society. p:1-10.
Liastuti P, Chandra TO, Widiarso B. 2018. Prediksi erosi dengan metode USLE di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PTP XIII Gunung Meliau Kecamatan Meliau Kabupaten Sanggau. Jurnal Perkebunan dan Lahan Tropika 8(2):67-79. doi: 10.26418/plt.v8i2.29800.
Lopez-Garcia EM, Torres-Trejo E, Lopez-Reyes L, Flores-Dominguez AD, Pena-Moreno RD, Lopez-Olguin JF. 2020. Estimation of soil erosion using USLE and GIS in the locality of Tzicatlacoyan, Puebla, Mexico. Soil and Water Research 15(1): 9-17. doi: 10.17221/165/2018-SWR.
Morgan RPC. 1979. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd edition. Australia: Blackwell.
Napoli M, Cecchi S, Orlandini S, Mugnai G, Zanchi CA. 2016. Simulation of field-measured soil loss in Mediterranean hilly areas (Chianty, Italy) with RUSLE. Catena 145:246-256.
Nearing MA, LJ Lane, and VL Lopes. 1994. Modelling Soil Erosion. In: Lal, R (Ed). Soil Erosion Methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society. Florida. p:127-158.
Nuraida, Rachman LM, Baskoro DPT. 2016. Analisis nilai konservasi tinggi aspek pengendali erosi dan sedimentasi (HCV 4.2) di DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. 6(2): 151-159. doi: 10.19081/jpsl.6.2.151.
Prahasta E. 2002. Konsep-konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi Geografi. Edisi revisi. Bandung: Penerbit Informatika.
Schmitz and Tameling. 2000. Modelling Erosion at Different Scales, A Preliminary Virtual Eploration of Sumber Jaya Watershed, Lampung.
Simanjuntak H, Hendrayanto, dan N Puspaningsih. 2017. Modifikasi metode perhitungan faktor topografi menggunakan Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dalam menduga erosi. Media Konservasi 22(3):242-251.
Suryawanshi V, Chandramohan. 2016. Application of GIS in hydrology and estimation of soil erosion using USLE model. International Journal of Science and Research 2016:483-488. doi: 10.21275/ART20182128.
Tombus FE, Yuksel M, Sahin M, Ozulu IM, Cosar M. 2012. Technical aspects of spatial information II. Assessment of soil erosion based on the method usle: corum province example. [Internet]. [6-10 May 2012, Rome, Italy]. Rome (IT): FIG. p 1-11; [diunduh pada 2020 May 31]. Tersedia pada http://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2012/papers/ts05e/TS05E_tombus_yuksel_et_al_5848.pdf.
Vadari T, Subagyono K, dan Sutrisno N. 2004. Model Prediksi Erosi: Prinsip, Keunggulan, dan Keterbatasan. Buku Teknologi Konservasi Tanah dan Air pada Lahan Kering Berlereng. p:71-102. Bogor (25): Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian.
Vink APA. 1975. Land Use in Advancing Agriculture. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Weischmeier WH, Smith DD. 1978. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning. Washington DC: USDA-SED Agric. Handbook No. 537.
Wiradisastra UP. 1989. Metodologi evaluasi lahan dalam hubungan sistem informasi sumberdaya lahan. Makalah lokakarya Sistem Informasi Sumberdaya Lahan untuk perencanaan tata ruang. Yogyakarta, 24-25 Desember 1989. Yogyakarta (ID): UGM.
Anghel T, Todica S. 2008. Quantitative assessment of soil erosion using GIS empirical methods. A comparative study between the Motru mining area and the Sucevita catchment. Annals of Oradea University. Geography series 18:95-102.
Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Bogor (25): IPB Pr.
Asdak C. 2004. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan DAS. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Pr.
Anasiru RH. 2015. Perhitungan laju erosi metode USLE untuk pengukuran nilai ekonomi ekologi di Sub DAS Langge, Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian 18(3):273-289.
[BIG] Badan Informasi Geospasial. 2020. DEMNAS: Seamless Digital Elevation Model dan Batimetri Nasional. [Internet]. [diunduh 2020 Mar 5]. Tersedia pada: http://www.tides.big.go.id.
[BMKG] Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. 2017. Daftar Istilah Klimatologi. Balai Besar Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika Wilayah III. [Internet]. [diunduh pada 2020 Maret 30]. Tersedia pada http://www.balai3.denpasar.bmkg.go.id.
Bosco C, Rusco E, Montanarella L, Panagos P. 2009. Soil erosion in the Alpine area: risk assessment and climate change. Study Trentini di scienze naturali 85:117-123.
[BPDASHL] Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Airan Sungai Citarum Ciliwung. 2016. Aplikasi SWAT untuk Implementasi Rencana Tindak Pengelolaan DAS Citarum, Ciliwung, Cisadane. Bogor (25): BPDASHL Citarum Ciliwung, Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian DAS dan Hutan Lindung , Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Bukhari I, Lubis KS, Lubis A. 2015. Pendugaan erosi aktual berdasarkan metode USLE melalui pendekatan vegetasi, kemiringan Lereng, dan erodibilitas di Hulu Sub DAS Padang. Jurnal Online Agroteknologi 3(1):160-167. ISSN 2337-6597.
Dangler EW, El-Swaify SA. 1976. Erosion of selected Hawaii soils by simulated rainfall. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40: 769-773.
Dariah A, Subagyo H, Tafakresnanto, Marwan S. 2004. Kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi. Jurnal Akta Agrosia 8:2-3.
Departemen Kehutanan. 1998. Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Teknik Lapangan dan Konservasi Tanah. Jakarta (31): Departemen Kehutanan.
Fitri R. 2011. Prediksi erosi pada lahan pertanian di Sub DAS Krueng Simpo Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Hidrolitan 2(3):96-102.
Fitri R. 2018. Prediksi erosi pada lahan petani agroforestri di DAS Ciliwung Hulu, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Agrosains dan Teknologi 3(1):13-18. p ISSN 2528-0201, e ISSN 2528-3278.
Ganasri BP, Ramesh H. 2015. Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and gis – a case study of Nethravathi basin. Geoscience Frontier 30:1-9.
Google Earth. 2019. Citra tutupan lahan. [Internet]. [diunduh pada 2019 Jan 10]. Tersedia pada: http://www.earth.google.com.
Hardjowigeno S. 2003. Ilmu Tanah. Jakarta (31): Akademika Pressindo.
[ICRAFT] International Center for Research AgroForestry. 2001. Modelling Erosion at Different Scales, Case Study in the Sumber Jaya Watershed, Lampung, Indonesia. International Report (Unpublished). Bogor (25): ICRAFT. 84p.
Kurnia U, Suwardjo H. 1984. Kepekaan erosi beberapa jenis tanah di Jawa menurut metode USLE. Pembrit. Penel. Tanah dan Pupuk 3:17-20.
Lee Ming-Hsi, Lin Huan-Hsuan. 2015. Evaluation of annual rainfall erosivity index based on daily, monthly, and annual precipitation data of rainfall station network in Southern Taiwan. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015:15p.doi: 10.1155/2015/214708.
Lillesand TM, Kieffer RW. 1997. Penginderaan Jauh dan Interpretasi Citra. Diterjemahkan oleh Dulbahri, Hartono et al. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Geografi UGM.
Ma J. 2001. Combining the USLE and GIS/ArcView for soil erosion estimation in Fall Creek Watershed in Ithaca, New York. [Internet]. [diunduh pada 2008 Feb 15]. Tersedia pada: http://www.ssc.bibalex.org.
Markov B, Nedkov S. 2016. Mapping of erosion regulation ecosystem services. in Bandrova T, Konecny M, eds. Proceeding of 6th International Conference on Cartography and GIS. [Internet]. [13-17 June 2016, Albena, Bulgaria]. Albena (BG): ICCGIS2016. p 97-108; [diunduh pada 2020 Mei 3]. Tersedia pada: http://cartography-gis.com.
Morgan RPC. 1979. Soil Erosion. London: Longmans.
Murtilaksono K. 2013. Penyelarasan Implementasi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai di Indonesia. Bogor.
Lal R. 1994. Soil Erosion by Wind and Water. Problem and Prospects. In: Lal, R (Ed). Soil Erosion Research Method. Florida: Soil and Water Conservation Society. p:1-10.
Liastuti P, Chandra TO, Widiarso B. 2018. Prediksi erosi dengan metode USLE di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PTP XIII Gunung Meliau Kecamatan Meliau Kabupaten Sanggau. Jurnal Perkebunan dan Lahan Tropika 8(2):67-79. doi: 10.26418/plt.v8i2.29800.
Lopez-Garcia EM, Torres-Trejo E, Lopez-Reyes L, Flores-Dominguez AD, Pena-Moreno RD, Lopez-Olguin JF. 2020. Estimation of soil erosion using USLE and GIS in the locality of Tzicatlacoyan, Puebla, Mexico. Soil and Water Research 15(1): 9-17. doi: 10.17221/165/2018-SWR.
Morgan RPC. 1979. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd edition. Australia: Blackwell.
Napoli M, Cecchi S, Orlandini S, Mugnai G, Zanchi CA. 2016. Simulation of field-measured soil loss in Mediterranean hilly areas (Chianty, Italy) with RUSLE. Catena 145:246-256.
Nearing MA, LJ Lane, and VL Lopes. 1994. Modelling Soil Erosion. In: Lal, R (Ed). Soil Erosion Methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society. Florida. p:127-158.
Nuraida, Rachman LM, Baskoro DPT. 2016. Analisis nilai konservasi tinggi aspek pengendali erosi dan sedimentasi (HCV 4.2) di DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. 6(2): 151-159. doi: 10.19081/jpsl.6.2.151.
Prahasta E. 2002. Konsep-konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi Geografi. Edisi revisi. Bandung: Penerbit Informatika.
Schmitz and Tameling. 2000. Modelling Erosion at Different Scales, A Preliminary Virtual Eploration of Sumber Jaya Watershed, Lampung.
Simanjuntak H, Hendrayanto, dan N Puspaningsih. 2017. Modifikasi metode perhitungan faktor topografi menggunakan Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dalam menduga erosi. Media Konservasi 22(3):242-251.
Suryawanshi V, Chandramohan. 2016. Application of GIS in hydrology and estimation of soil erosion using USLE model. International Journal of Science and Research 2016:483-488. doi: 10.21275/ART20182128.
Tombus FE, Yuksel M, Sahin M, Ozulu IM, Cosar M. 2012. Technical aspects of spatial information II. Assessment of soil erosion based on the method usle: corum province example. [Internet]. [6-10 May 2012, Rome, Italy]. Rome (IT): FIG. p 1-11; [diunduh pada 2020 May 31]. Tersedia pada http://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2012/papers/ts05e/TS05E_tombus_yuksel_et_al_5848.pdf.
Vadari T, Subagyono K, dan Sutrisno N. 2004. Model Prediksi Erosi: Prinsip, Keunggulan, dan Keterbatasan. Buku Teknologi Konservasi Tanah dan Air pada Lahan Kering Berlereng. p:71-102. Bogor (25): Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian.
Vink APA. 1975. Land Use in Advancing Agriculture. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Weischmeier WH, Smith DD. 1978. Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning. Washington DC: USDA-SED Agric. Handbook No. 537.
Wiradisastra UP. 1989. Metodologi evaluasi lahan dalam hubungan sistem informasi sumberdaya lahan. Makalah lokakarya Sistem Informasi Sumberdaya Lahan untuk perencanaan tata ruang. Yogyakarta, 24-25 Desember 1989. Yogyakarta (ID): UGM.
Authors
YusufS. M., MurtilaksonoK. and LawaswatiD. M. (2020) “Spatial mapping of soil erosion prediction through integration USLE model into Geography Information System ”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 10(4), pp. 594-606. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.10.4.594-606.
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