Efektivitas jenis adsorben pada pemurnian bertingkat minyak mata tuna kaya DHA Effectiveness of adsorbent type on graded purification of DHA-rich tuna eye oil
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15 January 2024
16 January 2024
Abstrak
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) merupakan asam lemak omega-3 pada minyak ikan yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan otak dan retina. Minyak ikan kaya DHA belum diproduksi secara massal di Indonesia. Mata tuna yang menjadi hasil samping industri perikanan dapat menjadi sumber potensial DHA dan eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Minyak mata tuna dengan karakteristik tinggi DHA dan polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rentan mengalami oksidasi, sehingga proses pemurnian perlu dilakukan untuk menghilangkan pengotor penyebab oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perlakuan pemurnian terbaik melalui parameter mutu minyak ikan guna menghasilkan minyak mata tuna dengan penurunan pengotor yang maksimal. Minyak mata tuna diperoleh melalui ekstraksi secara sentrifugasi. Minyak yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dimurnikan dengan beberapa tingkatan perlakuan permurnian, yaitu netralisasi (N1), netralisasi bleaching (N1B1), netralisasi bleaching netralisasi (N1B1N2), dan netralisasi bleaching netralisasi bleaching (N1B1N2B2). Pemurnian menggunakan jenis adsorben yang berbeda, yakni alumina aktif 8%, arang aktif 10%, dan magnesol XL 5%. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi asam lemak bebas (FFA), bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida, anisidin, dan total oksidasi (TOTOX). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis adsorben dan perbedaan tingkat ekstraksi berpengaruh secara nyata (p<0,05) terhadap bilangan peroksida, bilangan anisidin, total oksidasi, asam lemak bebas dan bilangan asam. Perlakuan dengan tingkat pemurnian N1B1N2B2 dengan adsorben magnesol XL 5% merupakan perlakuan terbaik. Proses pemurnian menghasilkan penurunan paramater oksidasi mencapai 50-80% meskipun minyak yang dihasilkan masih belum sesuai standar.
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