Ekstraksi Polisakarida Ulvan dari Rumput Laut Ulva lactuca Berbantu Gelombang Ultrasonik pada Suhu Rendah Ultrasonic Wave Assisted Extraction of Ulvan Polysaccharide from Ulva Seaweed at Low Temperature
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Accepted
11 April 2022
Published
13 April 2022
Keywords:
-
ulva, ulvan, ultrasonication
Abstract
Ulvan is the major sulfated polysaccharide of Ulva seaweed which comprises important biological activity. Technically, ulvan is extracted at high temperatures and for a long-duration extraction step, which will require high energy. Therefore, an alternative extraction approach is required to generate ulvan with good quality that meets energy efficiency. One alternative method to reduce the extraction energy is ultrasonic waves. This study aims to determine the effect of ultrasonication on the different extraction protocols on the yield and ulvan characteristics. In the initial evaluation, a combination of solvents (aquades, HCl, and NaOH) was used with low-temperature extraction conditions (50, 60, and 70℃) for 45 and 90 minutes with the ultrasonication assisted. The highest yield of ulvan (16.90±0.45%) was obtained from extraction using NaOH at a temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the aid of ultrasonication. Molecular weight and viscosity of ulvan extracted with ultrasonication-assisted showed a lower point than that ulvan extracted without ultrasonication. FTIR results confirmed the absorption band of the sulfate group, indicating the residue of rhamnose at a wavelength of 1125 cm-1 and C-O-S stretching at 983 cm-1. Ulvan extracted by sonication demonstrated sulfate content of 39, 58, and 53% for the solvent of aquades, HCl, and NaOH, respectively. The ultrasonication aid affected the sulfate content of 2-14% higher than that sulfate of ulvan produced from the conventional method.
References
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Wahlström N, Nylander F, Malmhäll-Bah E, Sjövold K, Edlund U, Westman G, Albers E. 2020. Composition and structure of cell wall ulvans recovered from Ulva spp. along the Swedish west coast. Carbohydrate Polymers. 232(7): 115852.
Wen C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Dzah CS, Zandile M, Duan Y, Ma H, Luo X. 2018. Advances in ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from cash crops – A review, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 48(10): 538-549.
Yang L, Zhang LM. 2009. Chemical structural and chain conformational characterization of some bioactive polysaccharides isolated from natural sources. Carbohydrate Polymer. 76(3): 349–361.
Youssouf L, Lallemand L, Giraud P, Soulé F, Bhaw-Luximon A, Meilhac O, D’Hellencourt CL, Jhurry D, Couprie J. 2017. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and structural characterization by NMR of alginates and carrageenans from seaweeds. Carbohydrate Polymers. 166(11): 55-63.
[AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1995. Official Method of Analysis of The Association of Official Analytical of Chemist. Virginia (US): The Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Inc.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2010. Penentuan kadar air pada produk perikanan SNI 01-2354.2-2010. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Chemat F, Rombaut N, Sicaire AG, Meullemiestre A, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Abert-Vian M. 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34(1): 540-560.
de Carvalho MM, Noseda MD, Dallagnol JCC, Ferreira LG, Ducatti DRB, Gonçalves AG, de Freitas RA, Duarte MER. 2020. Conformational analysis of ulvans from Ulva fasciata and their anticoagulant polycarboxylic derivatives. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.162(25): 599-608.
El Azm NA, Fleita D, Rifaat D, Mpingirika EZ, Amleh A, El-Sayed MMH. 2019. Production of bioactive compounds from the sulfated polysaccharides extracts of Ulva lactuca: Post-extraction enzymatic hydrolysis followed by ion-exchange chromatographic fractionation. Molecules. 24(11): 2132.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 2014. FAO JECFA Monographs 16. Specifications: Carrageenan. Rome (IT): Food and Agriculture Organization.
Guedes ÉAC, da Silva TG Aguiar JS, de Barros LD, Pinotti LM, Sant’Ana AEG. 2013. Cytotoxic activity of marine algae against cancerous cells. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 23(4): 668–673.
Hernández-Garibay E, Zertuche-González JA, Pacheco-Ruíz I. 2011. Isolation and chemical characterization of algal polysaccharides from the green seaweed Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh. Journal of Applied Phycology. 23(3):537–542.
Houwink R. 1940. Relationship between viscosimetric and osmotically determined degrees of polymerization in high polymers. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 157: 15-18.
Huggins ML. 1942. The viscosity of dilute solutions of long chain molecules. IV. Dependence on concentration. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 64(11): 2716-2718
Huiminin Q, Sun Y. 2015. Antioxidant activity of high sulfate content derivative of ulvan in hyperlipidemic rats. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 76: 326-9.
Jiang N, Li B, Wang X, Xu X, Liu X, Li W, Chang X, Li H, Qi H. 2020. The antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of phosphorylated polysaccharide from Ulva pertusa. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 145(5): 1059–1065.
Kadam SU, Tiwari BK, Smyth TJ, O’Donnell CP. 2015. Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive components from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum using response surface methodology. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 23(3): 308-316.
Kidgell JT, Magnusson M, de Nys R, Glasson CRK. 2019. Ulvan: A systematic review of extraction, composition and function. Algal Research, 39(3): 1-20.
Koga AY, Pereira AV, Lipinski LCO. 2018. Evaluation of wound healing effect of alginate films containing Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel. Journal of Biomaterials Applications. 32(9):1212–1221.
Klongklaew N, Praiboon J, Tamtin M, Srisapoome P. 2020. Antibacterial and antiviral activities of local Thai green macroalgae crude extracts in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Marine Drugs.18(3): 140.
Lakshmi DS, Sankaranarayanan S, Gajaria TK, Li G, Kujawski W, Kujawa J, Navia R. 2020. A short review on the valorization of green seaweeds and ulvan: feedstock for chemicals and biomaterials. Biomolecules. 10(7): 991.
Liu XY, Liu D, Lin GP, Wu YJ, Gao LY, Ai C, Huang YF, Wang MF, El-Seedi HR, Chen XH. 2019. Anti-ageing and antioxidant effects of sulfate oligosaccharides from green algae Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha prolifera in SAMP8 mice. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 139(23): 342–351.
Mo’o FRC, Wilar G, Devkota HP, Wathoni N. 2020. Ulvan, a polysaccharide from macroalga ulva sp.: A review of chemistry, biological activities and potential for food and biomedical applications. Applied Sciences. 10(16), 5488:1-21.
Montes L, Gisbert M, Hinojosa I, SineiroJ, Moreira R. 2021. Impact of drying on the sodium alginate obtained after polyphenols ultrasound-assisted extraction from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds. Carbohydrate Polymers. 272(18): 118455.
Peasura N, Laohakunjit N, Kerdchoechuen O, Vongsawasdi P, Chao LK. 2016. Assessment of biochemical and immunomodulatory activity of sulphated polysaccharides from Ulva intestinalis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 91(10): 269–277.
Robic A, Gaillard C, Sassi JF, Lerat Y, Lahaye M. 2009a. Ultrastructure of ulvan: a polysaccharide from green seaweeds. Biopolymers. 91(8): 652-64.
Robic A, Rondeau-Mouro C, Sassi J, Lerat Y, Lahaye M. 2009b. Structure and interactions of ulvan in the cell wall of the marine green algae Ulva rotundata (Ulvales, Chlorophyceae). Carbohydrate Polymer. 77(12): 206–216.
Sanchez JAV, Motohiro T, Takaomi K. 2013. Ultrasound effect use as external stimulus for viscosity change of aqueous carrageenans. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 20(4): 1081-1091.
Tian H, Yin X, Zeng Q, Zhu L, Chen J. 2015. Isolation, structure, and surfactant properties of polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca L. from South China Sea. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 79(17): 577–582.
Uju, Santoso J, Ramadhan W, Abrory MF. 2018. Ekstraksi native agar dari rumput laut Gracilaria sp. dengan akselerasi ultrasonikasi pada suhu rendah. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3): 414-422
Venkatesan J, Lowe B, Anil S, Manivasagan P, Kheraif AAA, Kang KH, Kim SK. 2015. Seaweed polysaccharides and their potential biomedical applications. Starch – Stärke. 67(5-6): 381–390.
Wahlström N, Nylander F, Malmhäll-Bah E, Sjövold K, Edlund U, Westman G, Albers E. 2020. Composition and structure of cell wall ulvans recovered from Ulva spp. along the Swedish west coast. Carbohydrate Polymers. 232(7): 115852.
Wen C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Dzah CS, Zandile M, Duan Y, Ma H, Luo X. 2018. Advances in ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from cash crops – A review, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 48(10): 538-549.
Yang L, Zhang LM. 2009. Chemical structural and chain conformational characterization of some bioactive polysaccharides isolated from natural sources. Carbohydrate Polymer. 76(3): 349–361.
Youssouf L, Lallemand L, Giraud P, Soulé F, Bhaw-Luximon A, Meilhac O, D’Hellencourt CL, Jhurry D, Couprie J. 2017. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and structural characterization by NMR of alginates and carrageenans from seaweeds. Carbohydrate Polymers. 166(11): 55-63.
Authors
RamadhanW., UjuU., HardiningtyasS. D., PariR. F., NurhayatiN., & SevicaD. (2022). Ekstraksi Polisakarida Ulvan dari Rumput Laut Ulva lactuca Berbantu Gelombang Ultrasonik pada Suhu Rendah : Ultrasonic Wave Assisted Extraction of Ulvan Polysaccharide from Ulva Seaweed at Low Temperature. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 25(1), 132-142. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v25i1.40407
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