Komposisi kimia, mineral, dan vitamin crackers prebiotik dengan penambahan garam rumput laut Chemical composition, mineral, and vitamin of prebiotic crackers with addition of seaweed salt
Article Sidebar
Accepted
29 March 2023
Published
12 April 2023
Keywords:
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finger food, healthy snack, Sargassum polycystum,, stunting, toddler
Abstract
Prebiotic food has become a food consumption trend because of its health benefits, especially for the prevention of stunting in toddlers and children. Mocaf flour combined with pea powder and seaweed salt can be processed into high-protein and high-mineral prebiotic crackers. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, minerals, and vitamins of prebiotic crackers supplemented with Sargassum polycystum salt. This study consisted of making crackers without seaweed salt (F0) and with 2% seaweed salt (F1), followed by testing the chemical composition, minerals, and vitamins. The data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel 16 and descriptively analyzed. The results showed that prebiotic crackers with the addition of 2% S. polycystum salt increased the ash and lipid content but decreased the moisture, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber contents. Prebiotic crackers with and without the addition of S. polycystum salt had appropriate protein content appropriate SNI 2973:2018 about biscuit, namely 8.72% (F0) and 8.63% (F1). Prebiotic crackers with addition of S. polycystum salt has mineral content Na (389.72 mg/100 g), K (1,271.60 mg/100 g), Ca (224.61 mg/100 g), Mg (73.83 mg /100 g), Fe (4.22 mg/100 g), and vitamin B6 (7.02 mg/100 g). The addition of salt can increase the mineral and vitamin contents of prebiotic crackers.
References
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Muniroh, L. (2015). Hubungan tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan dan pola asuh ibu dengan. Media Gizi Indonesia, 10(1), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v10i1.84-90.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Ramlan., & Abdullah, A. (2020). Penambahan genjer (Limnocharis flava) pada pembuatan garam rumput laut hijau untuk penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(3), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32462.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., & Nufus, C. (2018). Karakteristik sediaan garam Ulva lactuca dari perairan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat bagi pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i1.21455.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Darusman, H. S., Diaresty, J. V. G., Seulalae, A. V. (2021a). The antioxidant activity of seaweed salt from Sargassum polycystum in Sprague-Dawley male white rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(4), 2601-2609.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Jacoeb, A. M., Prameswari, D. K., & Seulalae, A. V. (2022a, September 06-07). Effect of the ratio Limnocharis sp. and Sargassum sp. on the characteristics of seaweed salt. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1033 012050. 5th EMBRIO International Symposium: Sustainable Development Of Fisheries And Marine Resource Amidst Covid-19 Era And Beyond 06/09/2021 - 07/09/2021 Online.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Rahmadhani, A., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021b). Antioxidant activity and combination characteristics of filtrates and Sargassum polycystum seaweed salt residue. Kuwait Journal of Sciences, 49(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.11807.
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Ramadhani, W., Indrawan, I., Seveline. (2022). Formulasi crackers mocaf dengan penambahan tepung udang rebon serta karakteristiknya. Jurnal Bioindustri, 4(2), 93-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v4i2.1238.
Sandjaja, A. (2009). Kamus Gizi. PT Kompa Media Nusantara.
Santoso, A. (2011). Serat pangan (dietary fiber) dan manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Magistra, 75, 35-40.
Saputro, P. S., & Estiasih, T. (2015). Pengaruh polisakarida larut air (PLA) dan serat pangan umbi-umbian terhadap glukosa darah: kajian pustaka. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, 3(2), 756–762.
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Tessema, M., Gunaratna, N. S., Brouwer, I. D., Donato, K., Cohen, J. L., McConnell, M., Belachew, T., Belayneh, D., & DeGroote, H. (2018). Associations among high quality protein and energy intake, serum transthyretin, serum amino acids and linear growth of children in Ethiopia. Nutrients, 10(1776), 2-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111776.
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Victoria, G. G., Adair, L., Fall, C., Hallal, P. C., Martorell, R., Richter, L., & Sachdev, H. S. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet, 26, 340-357. https://10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4.
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Ariyani, S. B., & Asmawit. (2016). Penggunaan tepung jagung Kalimantan Barat sebagai bahan baku pembuatan mie kering. Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri, 27(2), 76-81. https://dx.doi.org/10.28959/jdpi.v27i2.907.
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis (18th edition) Association of Official Analytical.
Augustyn, G. H., Telepta, G., & Abraham, I. R. (2019). Analisis fisikokimia beberapa jenis tepung jagung (Zea mays L.) asal Pulau Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Agritekno Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 8(2), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.30598/jagritekno.2019.8.2.58.
Azmy, U., & Mundiastuti, L. (2019). Konsumsi zat gizi pada balita stunting dan non-stunting di Kabupaten Bangkalan. Amerta Nutrition, 2018, 292-298. https://10.2473/amnt.v2i3.2018.292-298.
Azrimaidaliza, Resmiati, Famelia, W., Purnakarya, I., Firdaus, & Khairany, Y. (2020). Buku Ajar Dasar Gizi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. LPPM– Universitas Andalas.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. (2016). Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2016 tentang Acuan Label Gizi.
Permenkes. (2019). Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi Yang Dianjurkan Untuk Masyarakat Indonesia.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2014). SNI 35413:2014 tentang Margarin.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2022). SNI 2973:2022 tentang Biskuit.
Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. (2018). A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 14, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn/12617.
Brown, E. S., Allsopp, P. J., Magee, C. I., Gill, S., Nitecki, C. R., & Strain, E. M. (2014). Seaweed and human health. British Journal of Nutrition, 72, 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12091.
Dahl, W. J., Foster, L. M., & Tyler, R. T. (2012). Review of benefit health of pea (Pisum sativum L.). British Journal of Nutrition, 108(1), S1-S10. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000852.
Dalton, L. M., Ní, F. D. M., Gaydadzhieva, G. T, Mazurkiewicz, O. M., Leeson, H., & Wright, C. P. (2016). Magnesium in pregnancy. Nutrition Reviews, 74(9), 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw018.
Harefa, W., & Pato, U. (2017). Evaluasi tingkat kematangan buah terhadap mutu tepung pisang kepok yang dihasilkan. Jom FAPERTA, 4(2), 1-12.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2022. Buku saku hasil survei status gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022.
Kurniawan, R., Nurjanah., Jacoeb, A. M., Abdullah, A., & Pertiwi, R. M. (2019). Karakteristik garam fungsional dari rumput laut hijau. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 22(3), 573-580. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v22i3.29320.
Laily, W. N., Izzati, M., & Haryanti, S. (2019). Kandungan mineral dan logam berat pada garam yang diekstrak dari rumput laut Sargassum sp. menggunakan metode dibilas dan direndam. Jurnal Pro-Life, 6(3), 274-285. https://doi.org/10.33541/jpvol6Iss2pp102.
Lapui, A. R., Nopriani, U., & Mongi, H. (2021). Analisis kandungan nutrisi tepung jagung (Zea mays Lam) dari Desa Uedele Kecamatan Tojo Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una untuk pakan ternak. Jurnal Agropet, 18(2), 42-46.
Mahirdini, S., & Afifah, D. N. (2016). Pengaruh substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung porang (Amorphophallus oncopphyllus) terhadap kadar protein, serat pangan, lemak, dan tingkat penerimaan biskuit. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 5(1), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.5.1.42-49.
Manteu, S. H., Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Nurhayati, T., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021). Efektivitas karbon aktif dalam pembuatan garam rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Padina minor). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 24(3), 407-416. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i3.24709.
Miranda, J. M. X., Anton, C. R., Valbuena, P. R., Saavedra, J. A., Rodriguez, A., Lamas, C., Franco, M., & Cepeda, A. (2015). Review: egg and egg-derived foods: effects on human health and use as functional foods. Nutrients, 7, 706-729. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7010706.
Muniroh, L. (2015). Hubungan tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan dan pola asuh ibu dengan. Media Gizi Indonesia, 10(1), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v10i1.84-90.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Ramlan., & Abdullah, A. (2020). Penambahan genjer (Limnocharis flava) pada pembuatan garam rumput laut hijau untuk penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(3), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32462.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., & Nufus, C. (2018). Karakteristik sediaan garam Ulva lactuca dari perairan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat bagi pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i1.21455.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Darusman, H. S., Diaresty, J. V. G., Seulalae, A. V. (2021a). The antioxidant activity of seaweed salt from Sargassum polycystum in Sprague-Dawley male white rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(4), 2601-2609.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Jacoeb, A. M., Prameswari, D. K., & Seulalae, A. V. (2022a, September 06-07). Effect of the ratio Limnocharis sp. and Sargassum sp. on the characteristics of seaweed salt. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1033 012050. 5th EMBRIO International Symposium: Sustainable Development Of Fisheries And Marine Resource Amidst Covid-19 Era And Beyond 06/09/2021 - 07/09/2021 Online.
Nurjanah., Abdullah, A., Rahmadhani, A., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021b). Antioxidant activity and combination characteristics of filtrates and Sargassum polycystum seaweed salt residue. Kuwait Journal of Sciences, 49(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.11807.
Nurjanah., Chandabalo., Abdullah, A., & Seulalae, A. V. (2022b). Pemanfaatan kombinasi rumput laut dan ubi jalar ungu yang ditambahkan garam rumput laut sebagai minuman kaya serat. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 25(2), 307-321. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v25i2.42068.
Paramashanti, B. A. (2019). Gizi Bagi Ibu dan Anak. Pustaka Baru Press.
Penny, M. E. (2012). Micronutrients in the treatment of stunting and moderate malnutrition. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 70, 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337388.
Ramadhani, W., Indrawan, I., Seveline. (2022). Formulasi crackers mocaf dengan penambahan tepung udang rebon serta karakteristiknya. Jurnal Bioindustri, 4(2), 93-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v4i2.1238.
Sandjaja, A. (2009). Kamus Gizi. PT Kompa Media Nusantara.
Santoso, A. (2011). Serat pangan (dietary fiber) dan manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Magistra, 75, 35-40.
Saputro, P. S., & Estiasih, T. (2015). Pengaruh polisakarida larut air (PLA) dan serat pangan umbi-umbian terhadap glukosa darah: kajian pustaka. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, 3(2), 756–762.
Susanti, N. N., Sukmawardani, Y., & Musfiroh, I. (2016). Analisis kalium dan kalsium pada ikan kembung dan ikan gabus. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 3(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v3i1.7913.
Susanto, D. A. (2018). Kualitas produk biskuit menghadapi pemberlakuan sni biskuit secara wajib [studi kasus di DKI Jakarta]. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan, 41(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v41i1.1854.
Taslim, Salim, R., & Monica, T. (2021). Kadar kalium dalam buah pisang ambon. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 10(1), 100-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/JFU.2021.v10.i01.p12.
Tessema, M., Gunaratna, N. S., Brouwer, I. D., Donato, K., Cohen, J. L., McConnell, M., Belachew, T., Belayneh, D., & DeGroote, H. (2018). Associations among high quality protein and energy intake, serum transthyretin, serum amino acids and linear growth of children in Ethiopia. Nutrients, 10(1776), 2-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111776.
Uauy, R., Suri, D. J., Ghosh, S., Kurpad, A., & Rosenbergd, I. H. (2016). Low circulating amino acids and protein quality: an interesting piece in the puzzle of early childhood stunting. EbioMedicine, 8, 28-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.026.
Victoria, G. G., Adair, L., Fall, C., Hallal, P. C., Martorell, R., Richter, L., & Sachdev, H. S. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet, 26, 340-357. https://10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4.
Waidyarathna, G. R. N. N., Ekanayake, S., & Chandrasekara, A. (2021). Comparative analysis of nutrient composition and glycaemic indices of nine sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) varieties. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 15(4), 1410–1420. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i4.9.
Waliyo, E., Agusanty, S. F., & Hariyadi, D. (2020). Formula prebiotik berbasis pangan lokal dapat meningkatkan z-skor pb/u pada anak stunting. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 5(2), 130-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v5i1.267.
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Authors
AbdullahA., NurjanahN., SeulalaeA. V., & FirdaosA. N. (2023). Komposisi kimia, mineral, dan vitamin crackers prebiotik dengan penambahan garam rumput laut: Chemical composition, mineral, and vitamin of prebiotic crackers with addition of seaweed salt. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 26(1), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v26i1.38526
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