Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Ekstrak dan Tepung Ikan Gabus dan Potensinya sebagai Imunomodulator Isolation and Characterization Extract and Powder from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) and It Potency as Immunomodulator Stocks.
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Accepted
17 March 2022
Published
12 April 2022
Keywords:
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albumin serum, Channa striata, immunomodulator, protein powder
Abstract
Channa striata contains high protein albumin fraction that potentially used as a biofarma and human albumin substitution material. This research was aimed to determine the length time of steaming and profiling albumin powder and fish meat extract with filtration as immunomodulator stocks. Ekstraction of albumin conducted using steaming method with four variety of time (10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes) and the albumin was analyzed using Bromocresol Green (BCG) method. This research was included proximat analysis and heavy metal of C. striata, extraction, mineral analysis, albumin content, molecul weight used SDS-PAGE, functional groups used FTIR, particle size and amino acid. This research showed that moisture content of C. striata around 80.93%, fat 1.37%, protein 16.76%, ash 0.65% and carbohydrate 1.28%. Heavy metal included 0.013- 0.28 ppm of Hg and 0-0.63 ppm of Pb. Albumin analysed from fresh meat was reached 4.8 g/100 mL, meat extraction produced 3.76 g/100 mL, meat extraction with filtration 4.6 g/100 mL (wet) and fish powder 3.8 g/100 mL. Fish powder contained 85.80% protein, 9.26% moisture, 2.67% ash, 2.06% fat, and 0.21% total carbohydrate. Amino acids of meat extract with filtration comprised serine, lysine, aspartic, alanine, and glutamic. Albumin wave absorption used Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysed was at 1644.96, molecul weight 63 to 70 kDa and there was IgG molecules that potential as an immunomodulator stocks.
References
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Mustafa A, Widodo AM, Kristianto Y. (2012). Albumin and zinc content of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract and its role in health. IEESE International Journal of Science and Technology. 1(2): 1–8.
Muthmainnah D. 2013. Hubungan panjang berat dan faktor kondisi ikan gabus (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) yang dibesarkan di Rawa Lebak, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Depik. 2(3):184- 190.
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Prasetyo MN, Sari N, Sri CB. 2012. Pembuatan kecap dari ikan gabus secara hidrolisis enzimatis menggunakan sari nanas. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia dan Industri. 1(1): 329-337.
Prastari C, Yasni S, Nurilmala M. 2017. Karakteristik protein ikan gabus yang berpotensi sebagai antihiperglikemik. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(2): 1-11.
Putri SCR, Agustina W. 2016. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak albumin ikan gabus (C. striata) topikal terhadap percepatan konstraksi luka insisi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain winstar. Journal of Nursing Care and Biomoleculer. 1(1):1-6.
Restiana, Nurpudji A. Taslim, Bukhari, Salim A. 2012. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak ikan gabus terhadap kadar albumin dan status gizi penderita hiv/aids yang mendapatkan terapi ARV. Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin. 1-9.
Riani E. 2015. The effect of heavy metals on tissue damage in different organs of goldfish cultivated in floating fish net in Cirata Reservoir, Indonesia. Indian Journal Research. 4: 132-136.
Rustad T, Nesse N. 1983. Heat treatment and drying capelin mince, effect water binding and soluble protein. Journal of Food Science. 48:1320-1347.
Sari DK, Marliyati SA, Kustiyah L, Khomsan A, Gantohe TM. 2014. Uji organoleptik formulasi biskuit fungsional berbasis tepung ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Agritech. 34(2):120-125.
Silva D, Cortez CM, Natalia P, Nogueira, Bastos FF. 2015. Purification and physicochemical study of serum albumin of two neotropical fish spesies from the Sao Fransisco river Bassin, Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 15(3):1-4
Sulistiyati TD. (2010). Pengaruh suhu dan lama pemanasan dengan menggunakan ekstraktor vakum terhadap crude albumin ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Jurnal Protein. 15(2):166–176.
Suwandi R, Nurjanah, Margaretha W. 2014. Proporsi bagian tubuh dan kadar proksimat ikan gabus pada berbagai ukuran. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 17(1):22-28
Syamsudin. 2012. Teknik Bioasssay untuk Pengembangan Obat Alam. Jakarta (ID): Universitas Pancasila.
Tsaniyatul SMS, Dwi TS, Suprayitno E. 2013. Pengaruh suhu pengukuran terhadap kandungan gizi dan organoleptik abon ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Student Journal. 1(1):33-45.
War M, Altaff K, Abdulkhader HM. 2011. Growth and survival of larval snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch 1793) fed different live feed organisms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 11:523-528.
Zakaria NKC. 2015. Pengaruh ekstrak ikan gabus (Channa striata) terhadap penyembuhan luka pascaoperasi bedah laparatomi kucing (Felis domestica). [Skripsi]. Makassar (ID): Universitas Hasanuddin.
Zhou Z, Lipeng W, Zhenyuan S, Saari JT, Craig JMc, Kang J. 2005. Zinc suplementation prevent alcoholic liver injury in mice through attention of oxidative stress. American Journal of Pathology. 166(6):1681-1690.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2009. Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Makanan. Standar Nasional Indonesia. SNI 7387:2009. Hal 4, 13, 20.
Ahmed S, Arifur AFMR, Mustafa G, Belal MH, Nahar N. 2012. Nutrient composition of indigenous and exotic fishes of rainfed waterlogged paddy fields in Lakshmpur, Bangladesh. World Journal of Zoology. 7(2):135-140.
Al-Weher SM. 2008. Levels of heavy metal Cd, Cu and Zn in three fish species collected from the nirthern jordan valley, Jordan. Jordan Journal of Biological Science. 1:41-46.
Ansar. 2010. Pengolahan dan Pemanfaaan Ikan Gabus. Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Nonformal dan Informal Direktorat Pendidikan Kesetaraan. Jakarta (ID): ISBN
Asfar M, Tawali AB, Abdullah N, Mahendradatta M. 2014. Extraction of albumin of snakehead fish (Channa striatus) in producing the fish protein concentrate (FPC). International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. 3(4):85-88.
Barnabas W, Lavanya Y, Priyardarshini SRB, Ramasamy M, Jenita JL. 2014. Albumin nanoparticles for the delivery of gabapentin : preparation, characterization and pharmacodynamic studies. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 5(5): 874-878.
Bartholomew RJ, Delaney AM. 1966. Sulphonphthaleins as specifik reagents for albumin: determination of albumin in serum. Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists Journal. 1(8):214.
Bhat AA, Haniffa MA, Divya PR, Gopalakrishnan A, James, Milton M, Kumar R, Paray BA. 2011. Molecular characterization of eight Indian snakehead species (Pisces: Perciformes Channidae) using RAPD markers. Molecular Biology. 39:4267–4273.
Burnouf T. 1991. Integration of chromatography with traditional plasma protein fractination methods. Bioseparation Journal. 1:383-396.
Castellanos MM, CM Colina. 2013. Molecular dynamics simulations of human serum albumin and role of disulfide bonds. Journal of Physical Chemistry.117:11895–11905.
Chasanah E, Nurilmala M, Purnamasari AR, Fithriani D. 2015. Komposisi kimia, kadar albumin dan bioaktivitas ekstrak protein ikan gabus (Channa striata) alam dan hasil budidaya. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 10(2):123-132.
Chatwall G. 1985. Spectroscopy atomic and molecule. Bombay (IN). Himalaya Publishing House.
Cooper A, Eyles SJ, Radford SE, Dobson CM. 1992. Thermodynamic consequences of the removal of a disulphide bridge from hen lysozyme. Journal of Molecular Biology. 225:939–943.
Deleris G, Petibois C, Cazorla G, Cassaigne A. 2001. Plasma protein contents determined by fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. Clinical Chemistry. 47(4):730–738
George JN, Saucerman S. 2017. Platelet, IgA, IgM, and albumin: Correlation of platelet and plasma concentrations in normal subjects and in patients with itp or dysproteinemia. Blood Journal. 72(1): 362-365.
Gihannam HE, El Haddad ESE, Talab AS. 2015. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tilapia fish organs. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science. 7(2):88-89.
Hasan I, Indra TA. 2008. The role of albumin management of liver cirrhosis. Scientific Journal of Pharmaceutical Development And Medical Application. 21(2):1-42.
Hasnain A, Arif SH, Ahmad R, Jabeen M, Khan MM, 2004. Biochemical characterization of a protein of albumin multigene family from serum of African catfish Clarias gariepinus Bloch. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 41:148–153.
Irianto HE, Suryaningrum TD, Suparno, Muljanah. 1995. Penghambatan pembusukan “press liquor” dari pengolahan tepung ikan dengan perlakuan asam formiat dan pemanasan. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. I: 1-5.
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2015. Keputusan Menteri Kelautan Dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 18/kepmen-kp/2015 Tentang Pelepasan Ikan Gabus Haruan. http://www.djpb.kkp.go.id/arsip/file/278/18-kepmen-kp-2015.go.id/ [Juni 2016].
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2015. Statistik Perikanan Tangkap Indonesia Menurut Provinsi 2014. http:sidatik.kkp.go.id. [Juni 2016].
Kinkead RA, Elliot CT, Mooney MH, Canizzo FT, Biolatti B. 2015. Proteomic identification of plasma proteins as markers of growth promoter abuse in cattle. Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry Journal. 1-13.
Laemmli UK. 1970. Cleavage of structural protein during the assembly of the head of bacterophage T4. Nature. 227: 680-685.
Marais V, Massaldi H. 2012. A model mechanism for protein precipitation by caprylic acid. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Inc.59 : 50-54.
Mustafa A, Widodo AM, Kristianto Y. (2012). Albumin and zinc content of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract and its role in health. IEESE International Journal of Science and Technology. 1(2): 1–8.
Muthmainnah D. 2013. Hubungan panjang berat dan faktor kondisi ikan gabus (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) yang dibesarkan di Rawa Lebak, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Depik. 2(3):184- 190.
Nugroho M. 2013. Isolasi albumin dan karakteristik berat molekul hasil ekstraksi secara pengukusan ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Jurnal Teknologi Pangan. 4(1):1-12.
Prasetyo MN, Sari N, Sri CB. 2012. Pembuatan kecap dari ikan gabus secara hidrolisis enzimatis menggunakan sari nanas. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia dan Industri. 1(1): 329-337.
Prastari C, Yasni S, Nurilmala M. 2017. Karakteristik protein ikan gabus yang berpotensi sebagai antihiperglikemik. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(2): 1-11.
Putri SCR, Agustina W. 2016. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak albumin ikan gabus (C. striata) topikal terhadap percepatan konstraksi luka insisi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain winstar. Journal of Nursing Care and Biomoleculer. 1(1):1-6.
Restiana, Nurpudji A. Taslim, Bukhari, Salim A. 2012. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak ikan gabus terhadap kadar albumin dan status gizi penderita hiv/aids yang mendapatkan terapi ARV. Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin. 1-9.
Riani E. 2015. The effect of heavy metals on tissue damage in different organs of goldfish cultivated in floating fish net in Cirata Reservoir, Indonesia. Indian Journal Research. 4: 132-136.
Rustad T, Nesse N. 1983. Heat treatment and drying capelin mince, effect water binding and soluble protein. Journal of Food Science. 48:1320-1347.
Sari DK, Marliyati SA, Kustiyah L, Khomsan A, Gantohe TM. 2014. Uji organoleptik formulasi biskuit fungsional berbasis tepung ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Agritech. 34(2):120-125.
Silva D, Cortez CM, Natalia P, Nogueira, Bastos FF. 2015. Purification and physicochemical study of serum albumin of two neotropical fish spesies from the Sao Fransisco river Bassin, Brazil. Biota Neotropica. 15(3):1-4
Sulistiyati TD. (2010). Pengaruh suhu dan lama pemanasan dengan menggunakan ekstraktor vakum terhadap crude albumin ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Jurnal Protein. 15(2):166–176.
Suwandi R, Nurjanah, Margaretha W. 2014. Proporsi bagian tubuh dan kadar proksimat ikan gabus pada berbagai ukuran. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 17(1):22-28
Syamsudin. 2012. Teknik Bioasssay untuk Pengembangan Obat Alam. Jakarta (ID): Universitas Pancasila.
Tsaniyatul SMS, Dwi TS, Suprayitno E. 2013. Pengaruh suhu pengukuran terhadap kandungan gizi dan organoleptik abon ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus). Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Student Journal. 1(1):33-45.
War M, Altaff K, Abdulkhader HM. 2011. Growth and survival of larval snakehead Channa striatus (Bloch 1793) fed different live feed organisms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 11:523-528.
Zakaria NKC. 2015. Pengaruh ekstrak ikan gabus (Channa striata) terhadap penyembuhan luka pascaoperasi bedah laparatomi kucing (Felis domestica). [Skripsi]. Makassar (ID): Universitas Hasanuddin.
Zhou Z, Lipeng W, Zhenyuan S, Saari JT, Craig JMc, Kang J. 2005. Zinc suplementation prevent alcoholic liver injury in mice through attention of oxidative stress. American Journal of Pathology. 166(6):1681-1690.
Authors
NigaM. I. B., SuptijahP., & TrilaksaniW. (2022). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Ekstrak dan Tepung Ikan Gabus dan Potensinya sebagai Imunomodulator: Isolation and Characterization Extract and Powder from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) and It Potency as Immunomodulator Stocks. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 25(1), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v25i1.37831
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