Karakteristik Kolagen Larut Asam Teripang Gama (Stichopus variegatus) Characteristics of Stichopus variegatus acid solution collagen
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Published
30 April 2020
Keywords:
-
asam amino, derajat putih, fisikokimia, FTIR, viskositas
Abstract
Kolagen dibutuhkan pada berbagai industri farmasi, makanan, dan kosmetik, sehingga memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Komoditas perikanan terutama teripang gama dapat digunakan sebagai sumber kolagen yang halal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia kolagen larut asam teripang gama. Perlakuan untuk mendapatkan protein kolagen dilakukan dengan misahankan protein non kolagen menggunakan perendaman dalam NaOH 0,1 M selama 48 jam kemudian di netralisasi. Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan hidrolisis dan ekstraksi protein kolagen dengan asam asetat 0,5 M selama 48 jam. Hasil pemisahan protein non kolagen menunjukkan kadar protein non kolagen sebesar 0,02 mg/mL. Rendemen kolagen teripang gama yang didapat sebesar 2,4%. Kolagen larut asam teripang gama memiliki karakteristik fisik yaitu, derajat putih 61,83%, suhu denaturasi pada 48°C, suhu transisi pada 87,80°C, dan suhu pelelehan pada 162,40°C, serta viskositas 5,37 cP. Karakter kimia kolagen larut asam teripang gama yaitu pH 6,12 denganjenis asam amino penyusun kolagen, yaitu prolina 6,80%, alanina 10,61% dan glisina 12,63%, serta bilangan gelombang FTIR gugus fungsi yaitu amida I (1657,9), II (1572,0), dan III (1242,2) A (3406,3), dan B (2920,2) (cm-1).
References
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[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2014. Kolagen kasar dari sisik ikan-Syarat mutu dan pengolahan: SNI 8076-2014. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Ahmed F, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Ghazali FC, Sarker MDI. 2012. Isolation and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 93(5): 1083-1088.
Aberoumand A. 2012. Comparative study between different methods of collagen extraction from fish and its properties. World Applied Science Journal. 16 (3): 316-319
Ahmad M, Benjakul S. 2010. Extraction and characterisation of pepsin solubilised collagen from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monocerous). Food Chemistry. 120:817-824.
Alhana, Suptijah P, Tarman K. 2015. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dari daging teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(2): 150-161.
Alhana. 2015. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dan nanokolagen dari daging teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) [Tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Andirisnanti WA. 2012. Uji manfaat ekstraksi kolagen kasar dari teripang Stichopus hermanni sebagai bahan pelembab kulit [tesis]. Depok (ID): Universitas Indonesia
Astiana I, Nurjanah, Nurhayati T. 2016. Karakteristik kolagen larut asam dari kulit ikan ekor kuning. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(1): 79-93.
Bae I, Osatomi K, Yoshida A, Osako K, Yamaguchi A, Hara K. 2008. Biochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens extracted from the skins of underutilised fishes. Food Chemistry. 108: 49-54.
Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analitycal Biochemistry. 72(1): 248-254
Choi JH, Benham SH, Kim SM. 2013. Physico-biochemical characteristics of scallop mantle collagen soluble in pepsin. Journal Agricultural Science and Technology 15: 293-302
Coates J. 2000. Interpreration of infrared spectra, a practical approach: Meyers RA, editor. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. USA (US): John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cui FX, Xue CH, Zhao JL, Zhang YQ, Dong P, Fu XY, Gao X. 2007. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas. Food Chemistry. 100: 1120-1125.
Damayanti R. 2017. Karakterisasi toner penyegar wajah berbasis kolahen teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) dan kitosan [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Devi HLNA, Suptijah P, Nurilmala M. 2017. Efektifitas alkali dan asam terhadap mutu kolagen dari kulit ikan patin. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(2): 255-265.
Djailani F, Trilaksani W, Nurhayati T. 2016. Optimasi ektraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dari gelembung renang ikan cunang dengan metode asam-hidro-ekstraksi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(2): 156-167.
Erizal, Basril AR, Setyo AK, Sulistioso GS, Sudirman. 2012. Pengaruh iradiasi gamma pada sifat fisiko-kimia kolagen dalam larutan. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia. 15 (4): 221-225.
Fawzya YN, Chasanah E, Poernomo A, Khirzin MH. 2016. Isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial kolagen dari teripang gamma (Sticopus variegatus). Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 11(1): 91-100
Gelse K, Poschlb E, Aigner T. 2003. Collagens-structure, function, and biosynthesis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 55: 1531–1546.
Hidayat AS, Siradj M. 2015. Sertifikasi halal dan sertifikasi non halal pada produk pangan industri. Ahkam. 15 (2): 199-210.
Jaswir I, Monsur HA, Salleh HM. 2011. Nano-structural analysis of fish collagen extracts for new process development. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(81):18847-18854
Karim AA, Bhat R. 2009. Fish gelatin: properties, challenges, and prospects as an alternative to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocolloids. 23:563-576
Kartika IWD, Trilksani W, Adnyane IKM. 2016. Karakterisasi kolagen dari limbah gelembung renang ikan cuanang (Muraenesox talabon) hasil ekstraksi asam dan hidrotermal. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(3): 222-232
Kasim S. 2013. Pengaruh variasi jenis pelarut asam pada ekstraksi kolagen ikan pari (Himantura gerrardi) dan ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.). Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi. 17(2): 35-38.
Kong J, Yu S. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta Biochimica et Biophysca Sinica. 39(8): 549-559
Liu D, Wei G, Li T, Hua J, Lu J, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2015. Effects of alkaline pretreatments and acid extraction conditions on the acid-soluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella) skin. Food Chemistry. 172:836–843
Mariod AA, Adam HF. 2013. Review: gelatin, source, extraction and industrial applications. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 12 (2): 135-147.
Martianingsih N, Atmaja L. 2009. Analisis sifat kimia, fisik, dan termal gelatin dari ekstraksi kulit Ikan pari (Himantura gerrardi) melalui variasi jenis larutan asam. Prosiding KIMIA FMIPA – ITS.
Matmaroh K, Benjakul S, Prodpran T, Encarnacion AB, Kishimura H. 2011. Characteristics of acid soluble collagen and pepsin soluble collagen from scale of spotted golden goatfish (Parupeneus heptacanthus). Food Chemistry.129: 1179-1186.
Nikoo M, Xu X, Benjakul S, Xu G, Ramires-Suarez JC, Ehsani A, Kasankala LM, Duan X, Abass S. 2011. Characterization of gelatin from the skin of farmed Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii. International Aquatic Research 3(2): 135-145.
Nishimoto M, Sakamoto R, Mizuta S, Yoshinaka R. 2005. Identification and characterization of molecular species of collagen in ordinary muscle and skin of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Journal Food Chemistry. 90 (1-2): 151-156.
Nurhayati, Tazwir, Murniyati. 2013. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut asam dari kulit ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan. 8 (1): 85–92.
Nurilmala M, Pertiwi RM, Nurhayati T, Fauzi S, Batubara I, Ochiai Y. 2019. Characterization of collagen and its hydrolysate from yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin and their potencies as antioxidant and antiglycation agents. Fisheries Science. 85(3): 591-599.
Ogawa M, Portier JR, Moody MW, Bell J, Schexnayder MA, Losso JN. 2004. Biochemical properties of bone and scale collagens isolated from the subtropical fish black drum (Pogonia cromis) and sheepshead sea bream (Archosargus probatocephalus). Food Chemistry. 88: 495–501
Pamungkas TH. 2014. Kajian potensi collagen pada teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) dari Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Pamungkas BF, Supriyadi, Murdiati A, Indrati R. 2018. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut asam dan pepsin dari sisik haruan (Channa striatus) kering. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3): 513-521
Park JW. 2005. Ingredient technology for surimi and surimi seafood. Di dalam: Park JW, editor. Surimi and Surimi Seafood (Second Edition). Boca Raton (US): CRC Press.
Park SY, Hee KL, Seogjae L, Hyeong CH, Somi KC, Moonjae C. 2012. Pepsin solubilized collagen (PSC) from red sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) regulates cell cycle and fibronectin synthesis in HaCaT cell migration. Food Chemistry. 132: 487-492.
Peng Y, Glattauer V, Werkmeister JA, Ramshaw JAM. 2004. Evaluation for collagen products for cosmetic application. Journal of Cosmestic Science. 55:327-341.
Potaros T, Raksakulthai N, Runglerdkreangkrai J, Worawattanamateekul W. 2009. Characteristics of collagen from nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin isolated by two different methods. Kasetsart Journal-Natural Science. 43(3): 584-593.
Purcell SW. 2014. Processing Sea Cucumber into Beche-de-mer: A Manual for Pacific Island Fishers. Auckland (NZ): Stredder Print Ltd.
Safithri M, Tarman K, Suptijah P, Widowati N. 2019. Karakteristik Fisikokimia Kolagen Larut Asam Dari Kulit Ikan Parang-Parang (Chirocentrus dorab). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 22(3): 441-452
Safithri M, Setyaningsih I, Tarman K, Suptijah P, Yuhendri VM, Meydia. 2018. Potensi Kolagen Teripang Emas Sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(2):295-303
Schrieber R, Gareis H. 2007. Gelatin Handbook. Theory and Industrial Practice. Germany (DE): Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
Siddiqui YD, Arief EM, Yusoff A, Suzina AH, Abdullah SY. 2013. Isolation of pepsin solubilized collagen (PSC) from crude collagen extracted from body wall of sea cucumber (Bohadschia spp.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(2): 555-559.
Silvipriya KS, Kumar KK, Bhat AR, Kumar BD, Jhon A, Lakshmanan P. 2015. Collagen: animal sources and biomedical application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 5(3): 123-127.
Simamora GRR, Trilaksani W, Uju. 2019. Profiling kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) melalui proses enzimatis. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 22(2): 299-310.
Sitepu GSB, Santoso J, Trilaksani W. 2019. Kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) hasil ekstraksi asam. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 22(2): 327-339.
Wulandari, Suptijah P, Tarman K. 2015. Efektivitas pretreatment alkali dan hidrolisis asam asetat terhadap karakteristik kolagen dari kulit ikan gabus. Jurnal Pengolahan dan hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(3): 287-302.
Yan M, Li B, Zhao X, RenG, Zhuang Y, Hou H, Zhang X, Chen L, Fan Y. 2008. Characterization of acid soluble collagen from the skin of walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Food Chemistry. 107: 1581-1586
Yusida A. 2016. Formula sediaan krim berbasis nanokolagen teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Zang Y, Liu W, Li G, Shi B, Miao Y, Wu X. 2007. Isolation and partial characterization of pepsin-soluble collagen from the skin of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Chemistry. 103: 906-912.
Zeugolis DI, Khew ST, Yew ESY, Ekaputra AK, Tong YW, Yung LL, Hutmacher DW, Sheppard C, Michael. 2008. Electro-spinning of pure collagen nano-fibres Just an expensive way to make gelatin. Biomaterials. 15 (1): 2293-2305.
Zhang F, Wang A, Li Z, He S, Shao L. 2011. Preparation and characterisation of collagen from freshwater fish scales. Food and Nutrition Sci. 2:818- 823.
Zhou P, Regenstein JM. 2005. Effects of alkaline and acid pretreatments on Alaska pollock skin gelatin extraction. Journal of Food Science. 70(6):392396.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2014. Kolagen kasar dari sisik ikan-Syarat mutu dan pengolahan: SNI 8076-2014. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Ahmed F, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Ghazali FC, Sarker MDI. 2012. Isolation and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 93(5): 1083-1088.
Aberoumand A. 2012. Comparative study between different methods of collagen extraction from fish and its properties. World Applied Science Journal. 16 (3): 316-319
Ahmad M, Benjakul S. 2010. Extraction and characterisation of pepsin solubilised collagen from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monocerous). Food Chemistry. 120:817-824.
Alhana, Suptijah P, Tarman K. 2015. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dari daging teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(2): 150-161.
Alhana. 2015. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dan nanokolagen dari daging teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) [Tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Andirisnanti WA. 2012. Uji manfaat ekstraksi kolagen kasar dari teripang Stichopus hermanni sebagai bahan pelembab kulit [tesis]. Depok (ID): Universitas Indonesia
Astiana I, Nurjanah, Nurhayati T. 2016. Karakteristik kolagen larut asam dari kulit ikan ekor kuning. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(1): 79-93.
Bae I, Osatomi K, Yoshida A, Osako K, Yamaguchi A, Hara K. 2008. Biochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens extracted from the skins of underutilised fishes. Food Chemistry. 108: 49-54.
Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analitycal Biochemistry. 72(1): 248-254
Choi JH, Benham SH, Kim SM. 2013. Physico-biochemical characteristics of scallop mantle collagen soluble in pepsin. Journal Agricultural Science and Technology 15: 293-302
Coates J. 2000. Interpreration of infrared spectra, a practical approach: Meyers RA, editor. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. USA (US): John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cui FX, Xue CH, Zhao JL, Zhang YQ, Dong P, Fu XY, Gao X. 2007. Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas. Food Chemistry. 100: 1120-1125.
Damayanti R. 2017. Karakterisasi toner penyegar wajah berbasis kolahen teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) dan kitosan [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Devi HLNA, Suptijah P, Nurilmala M. 2017. Efektifitas alkali dan asam terhadap mutu kolagen dari kulit ikan patin. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(2): 255-265.
Djailani F, Trilaksani W, Nurhayati T. 2016. Optimasi ektraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dari gelembung renang ikan cunang dengan metode asam-hidro-ekstraksi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(2): 156-167.
Erizal, Basril AR, Setyo AK, Sulistioso GS, Sudirman. 2012. Pengaruh iradiasi gamma pada sifat fisiko-kimia kolagen dalam larutan. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia. 15 (4): 221-225.
Fawzya YN, Chasanah E, Poernomo A, Khirzin MH. 2016. Isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial kolagen dari teripang gamma (Sticopus variegatus). Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 11(1): 91-100
Gelse K, Poschlb E, Aigner T. 2003. Collagens-structure, function, and biosynthesis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 55: 1531–1546.
Hidayat AS, Siradj M. 2015. Sertifikasi halal dan sertifikasi non halal pada produk pangan industri. Ahkam. 15 (2): 199-210.
Jaswir I, Monsur HA, Salleh HM. 2011. Nano-structural analysis of fish collagen extracts for new process development. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(81):18847-18854
Karim AA, Bhat R. 2009. Fish gelatin: properties, challenges, and prospects as an alternative to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocolloids. 23:563-576
Kartika IWD, Trilksani W, Adnyane IKM. 2016. Karakterisasi kolagen dari limbah gelembung renang ikan cuanang (Muraenesox talabon) hasil ekstraksi asam dan hidrotermal. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(3): 222-232
Kasim S. 2013. Pengaruh variasi jenis pelarut asam pada ekstraksi kolagen ikan pari (Himantura gerrardi) dan ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.). Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi. 17(2): 35-38.
Kong J, Yu S. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta Biochimica et Biophysca Sinica. 39(8): 549-559
Liu D, Wei G, Li T, Hua J, Lu J, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2015. Effects of alkaline pretreatments and acid extraction conditions on the acid-soluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella) skin. Food Chemistry. 172:836–843
Mariod AA, Adam HF. 2013. Review: gelatin, source, extraction and industrial applications. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 12 (2): 135-147.
Martianingsih N, Atmaja L. 2009. Analisis sifat kimia, fisik, dan termal gelatin dari ekstraksi kulit Ikan pari (Himantura gerrardi) melalui variasi jenis larutan asam. Prosiding KIMIA FMIPA – ITS.
Matmaroh K, Benjakul S, Prodpran T, Encarnacion AB, Kishimura H. 2011. Characteristics of acid soluble collagen and pepsin soluble collagen from scale of spotted golden goatfish (Parupeneus heptacanthus). Food Chemistry.129: 1179-1186.
Nikoo M, Xu X, Benjakul S, Xu G, Ramires-Suarez JC, Ehsani A, Kasankala LM, Duan X, Abass S. 2011. Characterization of gelatin from the skin of farmed Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii. International Aquatic Research 3(2): 135-145.
Nishimoto M, Sakamoto R, Mizuta S, Yoshinaka R. 2005. Identification and characterization of molecular species of collagen in ordinary muscle and skin of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Journal Food Chemistry. 90 (1-2): 151-156.
Nurhayati, Tazwir, Murniyati. 2013. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut asam dari kulit ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan. 8 (1): 85–92.
Nurilmala M, Pertiwi RM, Nurhayati T, Fauzi S, Batubara I, Ochiai Y. 2019. Characterization of collagen and its hydrolysate from yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin and their potencies as antioxidant and antiglycation agents. Fisheries Science. 85(3): 591-599.
Ogawa M, Portier JR, Moody MW, Bell J, Schexnayder MA, Losso JN. 2004. Biochemical properties of bone and scale collagens isolated from the subtropical fish black drum (Pogonia cromis) and sheepshead sea bream (Archosargus probatocephalus). Food Chemistry. 88: 495–501
Pamungkas TH. 2014. Kajian potensi collagen pada teripang pasir (Holothuria scabra) dari Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Pamungkas BF, Supriyadi, Murdiati A, Indrati R. 2018. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut asam dan pepsin dari sisik haruan (Channa striatus) kering. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3): 513-521
Park JW. 2005. Ingredient technology for surimi and surimi seafood. Di dalam: Park JW, editor. Surimi and Surimi Seafood (Second Edition). Boca Raton (US): CRC Press.
Park SY, Hee KL, Seogjae L, Hyeong CH, Somi KC, Moonjae C. 2012. Pepsin solubilized collagen (PSC) from red sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) regulates cell cycle and fibronectin synthesis in HaCaT cell migration. Food Chemistry. 132: 487-492.
Peng Y, Glattauer V, Werkmeister JA, Ramshaw JAM. 2004. Evaluation for collagen products for cosmetic application. Journal of Cosmestic Science. 55:327-341.
Potaros T, Raksakulthai N, Runglerdkreangkrai J, Worawattanamateekul W. 2009. Characteristics of collagen from nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin isolated by two different methods. Kasetsart Journal-Natural Science. 43(3): 584-593.
Purcell SW. 2014. Processing Sea Cucumber into Beche-de-mer: A Manual for Pacific Island Fishers. Auckland (NZ): Stredder Print Ltd.
Safithri M, Tarman K, Suptijah P, Widowati N. 2019. Karakteristik Fisikokimia Kolagen Larut Asam Dari Kulit Ikan Parang-Parang (Chirocentrus dorab). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 22(3): 441-452
Safithri M, Setyaningsih I, Tarman K, Suptijah P, Yuhendri VM, Meydia. 2018. Potensi Kolagen Teripang Emas Sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(2):295-303
Schrieber R, Gareis H. 2007. Gelatin Handbook. Theory and Industrial Practice. Germany (DE): Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
Siddiqui YD, Arief EM, Yusoff A, Suzina AH, Abdullah SY. 2013. Isolation of pepsin solubilized collagen (PSC) from crude collagen extracted from body wall of sea cucumber (Bohadschia spp.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(2): 555-559.
Silvipriya KS, Kumar KK, Bhat AR, Kumar BD, Jhon A, Lakshmanan P. 2015. Collagen: animal sources and biomedical application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 5(3): 123-127.
Simamora GRR, Trilaksani W, Uju. 2019. Profiling kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) melalui proses enzimatis. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 22(2): 299-310.
Sitepu GSB, Santoso J, Trilaksani W. 2019. Kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) hasil ekstraksi asam. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 22(2): 327-339.
Wulandari, Suptijah P, Tarman K. 2015. Efektivitas pretreatment alkali dan hidrolisis asam asetat terhadap karakteristik kolagen dari kulit ikan gabus. Jurnal Pengolahan dan hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(3): 287-302.
Yan M, Li B, Zhao X, RenG, Zhuang Y, Hou H, Zhang X, Chen L, Fan Y. 2008. Characterization of acid soluble collagen from the skin of walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Food Chemistry. 107: 1581-1586
Yusida A. 2016. Formula sediaan krim berbasis nanokolagen teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Zang Y, Liu W, Li G, Shi B, Miao Y, Wu X. 2007. Isolation and partial characterization of pepsin-soluble collagen from the skin of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Chemistry. 103: 906-912.
Zeugolis DI, Khew ST, Yew ESY, Ekaputra AK, Tong YW, Yung LL, Hutmacher DW, Sheppard C, Michael. 2008. Electro-spinning of pure collagen nano-fibres Just an expensive way to make gelatin. Biomaterials. 15 (1): 2293-2305.
Zhang F, Wang A, Li Z, He S, Shao L. 2011. Preparation and characterisation of collagen from freshwater fish scales. Food and Nutrition Sci. 2:818- 823.
Zhou P, Regenstein JM. 2005. Effects of alkaline and acid pretreatments on Alaska pollock skin gelatin extraction. Journal of Food Science. 70(6):392396.
Authors
SafithriM., TarmanK., SuptijahP., & Novita SagitaS. (2020). Karakteristik Kolagen Larut Asam Teripang Gama (Stichopus variegatus): Characteristics of Stichopus variegatus acid solution collagen. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(1), 166-177. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i1.31063
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