Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Buah Mangrove Untuk Menghambat Pembentukan Melanosis Pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Application of Mangrove Extract for the Melanosis Inhibition in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
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Published
8 April 2020
Keywords:
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A. marina, bintik hitam, R. apiculata, R. mucronata, sodium metabisulfit
Abstract
Mangrove diketahui mempunyai kemampuan bioaktif untuk menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak buah mangrove yang berperan dalam menghambat melanosis udang vaname selama penyimpanan 10 hari pada 0oC. Buah mangrove yang digunakan adalah Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata dan Avicennia marina. Buah mangrove diekstraksi menggunakan air. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 25% dan 50%. Udang disimpan selama 10 hari pada suhu 0oC menggunakan coldbox. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF). Parameter uji melanosis, organoleptik, warna dianalisis dengan ANOVA, dengan uji lanjut duncan. Parameter organoleptik dianalisis dengan uji non parametrik kruskal wallis, uji lanjut multiple comparison. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan udang yang direndam menggunakan ekstrak mangrove R. mucronata 50% dan R. apiculata 50% kemudian disimpan pada suhu 0oC mempunyai nilai melanosis terendah dibandingkan dengan ekstrak mangrove lainnya. Kenampakan organoleptik udang dapat dipertahankan dengan perendaman ekstrak R. mucronata 50% dan R. apiculata 50%, seluruh ekstrak tidak mempengaruhi bau khas dan tekstur udang vaname. Uji warna menunjukkan R. mucronata 25% mempunyai nilai L* tertinggi yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan R mucronata 50%. Nilai L* udang yang direndam A. marina 25% memiliki tingkat keefektifan terendah dalam mempertahankan nilai L*, seluruh jenis ekstrak, tidak mempengaruhi nilai a* dan b* warna udang. Ekstrak buah mangrove R. mucronata 50% dan R.apiculata efektif dalam menghambat melanosis udang.
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A’in C, Suryanti, Sulardiono B. 2017. Kandungan gizi pada produk olahan mangrove (Krumang, Bomang, Simang) produksi Kelompok Tani Ngudi Makaryo. Jurnal Info. 19(1): 16-33.
Andarwulan N, Kusnandar F, Herawati D. 2011. Analisis Pangan. Jakarta (ID): Dian Rakyat.
Ashari U, Sahara, Hartoyo S. 2016. Daya saing udang segar dan udang beku Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis. 13(1): 1–13.
Bland JM, Bett-garber KL, Li CH, Brashear SS, Lea JM, Bechtel PJ. 2018. Comparison of sensory and instrumental methods for the analysis of texture of cooked individually quick frozen and frozen catfish fillets. Food Science & Nutritioin. 6(6): 1692– 1705.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2006. SNI 01-2728.1-2006 Spesifikasi Udang Segar. Jakarta(ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Cui H, Duan F, Jia S, Cheng F, Yuan K. 2018. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of seed oils from torreya grandis Fort. ex Lindl. BioMed Research International. (5): 1-10.
Fang X, Sun H, Huang B, Yuan G. 2013. Effect of pomegrenate peel extract on the melanosis of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during iced storage. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. 11(1): 105-109.
Giménez, B., Martínez-alvarez Óscar Montero, P., Guillen, M. del C.G., 2010. Characterization of phenoloxidase activity of carapace and viscera from cephalothorax of Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Food Science and Technology. 43(1): 1240–1245.
Handayani S. 2013. Kandungan flavonoid kulit batang dan daun pohon api-api (Avicennia marina (Forks.) Vierh. sebagai senyawa aktif antioksidan. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID) : Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Hardoko, Suprayitno E, Puspitasari YE, Amalia R. 2015. Study of ripe Rhizophora mucronata fruit flour as functional food for antidiabetic. International Food Research Journal. 22(3): 953-959.
Imran A, Chawalit J, Somrote K. 2013. Characterization of quality degradation during chilled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) supply chain. International Food Research Journal. 20(4): 1833–1842.
Kartikasari L, Nurhayati APD, Setiawan E, Hidayati D, Ashuri NM, Saadah NN, Muzaki FK, Desmawati I. 2017. Bioaktivitas ekstrak batang Xylocarpus granatum sebagai anti black spot alternatif pada Litopenaeus vannamei pascapanen. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology. 2(1):16-20.
Montero PA. Avalos, and Perez M. 2001. Characterization of polyphenoloxidase of prawns (Penaeus japonicus). Alternatives to inhibition: additives and high-pressure treatment. Food Chemistry. 75(3): 317– 324.
Morrissey MT, Sylvia G. 2004. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting efficient utilization of marine resources. Developments in Food Science. 42:37-43.
Nirmal, Benjakul S, Ahmad M, Arfat YA, Panichayupakaranant P. 2015. Undesirable enzymatic browning in crustaceans : causative effects and its inhibition by phenolic chompoundd. Journal of Food Science Nutritions. 55(14): 1992-2003.
Nurhayati T, Kustiariyah, Jacoeb AM, Utari SA, Azizah LH, Hidayat T. 2018. Quality assessment of vannamei shrimp from 76
Indonesian waters. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences. 55(1): 21–28.
Pan C, Chen S, Hao S, Yang X. 2019. Effect of low-temperature preservation on quality changes in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei : a review. Journal of Science Food Agriculture. 99(14): 6121- 6128.
Rahimabadi Z, Zarrin K, Zarei M, Gaffari M, Rahnama M. 2016. Effects of genistein on melanosis and microbial quality of Litopenaeus vannamei during ice storage. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 15(1): 436–445.
Raza MA, Shahwar, D, Khan T. 2015. Radical Scavenging , Proteases Activities , and Phenolics Composition of Bark Extracts from 21 Medicinal Plants. Ritieni A, editor. [editorial]. Journal of Chemistry. 1–8.
Ridlo A, Pramesti R, Koesoemadji, Supriyantini E, Soenardjo N, 2017. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun mangrove Rizhopora mucronata. Buletin Oseanografi Marina. 6(2):110–116.
Senapati SR, Kumar GP, Singh CB, Xavier KAM, Chouksey M, Nayak BB. Balange AK. 2017. Melanosis and quality attributes of chill stored farm raised whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 9(1): 626–631.
Singh A, Benjakul S. 2018. Proteolysis and Its Control Using Protease Inhibitors in Fish and Fish Products : A Review. Food Science and Food Safety. 17(2): 496–509.
Vakili S, Ardakani SAY. 2018. Antioxidant Effect of Orange Peel Extract on Chemical Quality, Sensory Properties, and Black Spots of Farmed White Shrimp. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security. 3(1): 19–26.
Wang Y, Chang P, Chen, H. 2006. Tissue distribution of prophenoloxidase transcript in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 20(3): 414–418.
Yam KL, Papakdakis SE. 2004. A simple digital imaging method for measuring and analyzing colour of food surfaces. Journal of Food Engineering. 61(1):137–142.
Yatmaz AH, Gogoklu N. 2016. Effects of plants extract sulphide combinations on melanosis inhibition and quality in shrimp (Aristeus antennatus). International Journal on Food Properties. 19(2):359-370.
Yuan G, Zhang X, Tang W, Sun H. 2015. Effect of chitosan coating combined with green tea extract on the melanosis dan quality of pasific white shrimp during storage in ice. CYTA-Journal of Food. 14(1): 35-40.
Yuniarti T, Sukarno, Yuliana ND, Budijanto S. 2018. Inhibition of enzymatic browning by onion (Allium cepa L.): Investigation on inhibitory mechanism and identification of active compounds. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science. 6(3): 770– 780.
Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Tareq M, Khan H, Munoz-munoz J, Garcia-molina F. 2019. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 34(1): 279–309.
Authors
YuniartiT., SipahutarY., RamliH. K., & Nio Lita N. P. S. (2020). Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Buah Mangrove Untuk Menghambat Pembentukan Melanosis Pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei): Application of Mangrove Extract for the Melanosis Inhibition in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i1.30862
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