The Potential Ecological Impact of Oil Palm Agroforestry as Term of Improvement for Restoring Harapan Rainforest
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 30 No. 3 (2024)
Accepted
5 November 2024
Published
1 December 2024
Keywords:
-
biodiversity, carbon sequestration, ecologycal impacts, forest restoration, oil palm agroforestry
Abstract
Around 20.000 ha of forestland in the Harapan Rainforest, Jambi Province, Indonesia, is currently under encroachment by local communities. Local communities encroach on forest land converted into oil palm plantations. Expanding oil palm plantations into forest areas led to biodiversity loss and massive carbon emissions. The annual net carbon emissions of oil palm transformation from the forest in Indonesia is around 12.41–25.83 ton-1 ha-1 year-1. Oil palm agroforestry is considered to be able to increase carbon sequestration and the biodiversity level. CRC-990/EFForTS has established an oil palm agroforestry experimental plot in Jambi Province, Indonesia, namely B11 plot. This study compares the carbon sequestration and biodiversity level between oil palm monoculture and agroforestry. The data collected in this study was obtained from the CRC-990 experimental plots. We collected data on the CRC-990 oil palm agroforestry plot in 6 plots of 40 m × 40 m and 6 plots of 20 m × 20 m. We chose the location and theme of this research because, until now, no research has been conducted yet to calculate the potential carbon absorption capacity and biodiversity level of oil palm agroforestry patterns in B11 plot. This study uses an allometric equation and IPCC guidelines to estimate biomass and carbon sequestration. SNI 8014 is used to evaluate the biodiversity level. This study found that oil palm agroforestry has more significant carbon sequestration. Increasing intercropping in oil palm agroforestry will increase the amount of carbon sequestration. This study also found that oil palm agroforestry has a higher biodiversity level. The species diversity of oil palm agroforestry is moderate, while oil palm monoculture is low. These potential ecological impacts can be considered an initial step in restoring the Harapan Rainforest. It is important to choose appropriate intercrops and proper management to increase the successful implementation of oil palm agroforestry.
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Chave, J., Andalo, C., Brown, S., Cairns, M. A., Chambers, J. Q., Eamus, D., Fölster, H., Fromard, F., Higuchi, N., Kira, T., Lescure, J.-P., Nelson, B. W., Ogawa, H., Puigh, H., Riéra, B., & Yamakura, T. (2005). Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stock and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, 145, 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x
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Drescher, J., Rembold, K., Allen, K., Beckschäfer, P., Buchori, D., Clough, Y., Faust, H., Fauzi, A. M., Gunawan, D., Hertel, D., Irawan, B., Jaya, I. N. S., Klarner, B., Kleinn, C., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M., Krashevska, V., Krishna, V., Leuschner, C., …, & Scheu, S. (2016). Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems after rainforest conversion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371, 20150275. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0275
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Guillaume, T., Kotowska, M. M., Hertel, D., Knohl, A., Krashevska, V., Murtilaksono, K., Scheu, S., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2018). Carbon costs and benefits of Indonesian rainforest conversion to plantations. Nature Communications, 9, 2388. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04755-y
Harbi, J., Erbaugh, J. T., Sidiq, M., Haasler, B., & Nurrochmat, D. R. (2018). Making a bridge between livelihoods and forest conservation: Lessons from non timber forest products' utilization in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 94, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.05.011
Hofhansl, F., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Fuchslueger, L., Jenking, D., Morera-Beita, A., Plutzar, C., Silla, F., Andersen, K. M., Buchs, D. M., Dullinger, S., Fiedler, K., Franklin, O., Hietz, P., Huber, W., Quesada, C. A., Rammig, A., Schrodt, F., Vincent, A. G. Weissenhofer, A., & Wanek, W. (2020). Climatic and edaphic controls over tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage. Scientific Reports, 10, 5066. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61868-5
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Khasanah, N., Noordwijk, M. V., & Ningsih, H. (2015). Aboveground carbon stocks in oil palm plantations and the threshold for carbon-neutral vegetation conversion on mineral soils. Cogent Environmental Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2015.1119964
Khasanah, N., van Noordwijk, M., Slingerland, M., Sofiyudin, M., Stomph, D., Migeon, A. F., & Hairiah, K. (2020). Oil palm agroforestry can achieve economic and environmental gains as indicated by multifunctional land equivalent ratios. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 3, 122. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00122
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Margono, B. A., Potapov, P. V., Turubanova, S., Stolle, F., & Hansen, M. C. (2014). Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000–2012. Nature Climate Change, 4(8), 730–735. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2277
[MoA] Ministry of Agriculture. (2023). Statistik perkebunan Indonesia 2021–2023. Jakarta: Ministry of Agriculture.
[MoEF] Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2023). Rekalkulasi penutupan lahan Indonesia tahun 2022. Jakarta: Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
Negash, M., Kaseva, J., & Kahiluoto, H. (2022). Perennial monocropping of khat decreased soil carbon and nitrogen relative to multistrata agroforestry and natural forest in southeastern Ethiopia. Regional Environmental Change, 22, 38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01905-3
Nurrochmat, D. R., Boer, R., Ardiansyah, M., Immanuel, G., & Purwawangsa, H. (2020). Policy forum: Reconciling palm oil targets and reduced deforestation: Landswap and agrarian reform in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 119, 102291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102291
Nurrochmat, D. R., Pribadi, R., Siregar, H., Justianto, A., & Park, M. S. (2021). Transformation of agro-forest management policy under the dynamic circumstances of a two-decade regional autonomy in Indonesia. Forests, 12(4), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040419
Obeng, A. S., Sadick, A., Hanyabui, E., Musah, M., Marius, M., & Acheampong, M. K. (2020). Evaluation of soil fertility status in oil palm plantations in the Western Region of Ghana. Agriculture and Food, 5(4), 938–949. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.938
Ojomah, F. O., & Joseph, P. O. (2017). Assessment of soil fertility status in some areas of kogi east agroecological zone of Kogi State. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Research, 1(2), 44–50.
Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S., & Wood, R. (2019). Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.002
Purnomo, H., Okarda, B., Dermawan, A., Ilham, Q. P., Pacheco, P., Nurfatriani, F., & Suhendang, E. (2020). Reconciling oil palm economic development and environmental conservation in Indonesia: A value chain dynamic approach. Forest Policy and Economics, 111, 102089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102089
Rahman, N., E.Giller, K., Neergaard, A., Magid, J., Ven, G. v. d., & Bruun, T. B. (2021). The effects of management practices on soil organic carbon stocks of oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management, 278(2), 111446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111446
Rahman, N., Neergaard, A. d., Magid, J., Ven, G. W. J. v. d., Giller, K. E., & Bruun, T. B. (2018). Changes in soil organic carbon stocks after conversion from forest to oil palm plantations in Malaysian Borneo. Environmental Research Letters, 13(10), 105001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aade0f
Rahmani, T. A., Nurrochmat, D. R., Hero, Y., Park, M. S., Boer, R., & Satria, A. (2021). Evaluating the feasibility of oil palm agroforestry in Harapan Rainforest, Jambi, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 5(2), 458–477. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.10375
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Authors
RahmaniT. A., NurrochmatD. R., ParkM. S., BoerR., & EkayaniM. (2024). The Potential Ecological Impact of Oil Palm Agroforestry as Term of Improvement for Restoring Harapan Rainforest. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 30(3), 376. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.30.3.376
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