Navigating Conservation Access: Unraveling Ignorant Tourist Behavior and Typologies in Komodo National Park
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 30 No. 2 (2024)
Accepted
7 May 2024
Published
31 July 2024
Keywords:
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tourism accessibility, tourist typology, hedonistic motives, tourism in the protected area
Abstract
The impact of access policies on the influx of ignorant behavior in conservation areas is still understudied. This research aims to detect this ignorant tourist behavior in the conservation areas by analyzing perceived accessibility and examining the tourist typologies. The study was conducted in Komodo National Park, one of the most popular destinations in Indonesia, which has experienced high accessibility development. The research method employed tourism policy and factor-cluster analysis to examine the tourist typology. Accessibility constructs and hedonic tourist motivation were used as the variables in the analysis. The total respondents were 534, and the data were analyzed using a non-hierarchical K-means cluster analysis. The result showed that three aspects were considered in managing the accessibility in the conservation areas. The aspects included destination, individual, and conservation accessibilities in the national park. Further, four tourist typologies were found in this research. Two new typologies, hedonistic adventure tourists and high-risk hedonistic tourists, indicated ignorant behavior. Two others, such as real ecotourists and nature-relaxing tourists, presented general nature-based tourist characteristics in the existing literature. The managerial implications of this research are providing practical insights for planners and destination managers to improve conservation awareness for remarkably ignorant tourists.
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Walle, A. H. (1997). Pursuing risk or insight. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 265–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80001-1
Butzmann, E., & Job, H. (2017). Developing a typology of sustainable protected area tourism products. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(12), 1736–1755. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1206110
Casscetta, E., Russo, F., Viola, F. A., & Vitetta, A. (2002). A model of route perception in urban road networks. Transportation research part B. Methodological, 36(7), 577–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-2615(00)00041-2
Chikuta, O., & Kabote, F. (2018). Disability and tourism in Southern Africa: A policy analysis. In T. Chakaita (Ed.), The routledge handbook of disability in Southern Africa (pp. 265–277). Routledge.
Cipolla, C. M. (1987). The basic laws of human stupidity. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
Cole, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., & Hu, C. M. (2019). The influence of accessibility and motivation on leisure travel participation of people with disabilities. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1496218
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
Gurland, J., & Tripathi, R. C. (1971). A simple approximation for unbiased estimation of the standard deviation. American Statistician, 25(4), 30–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1971.10477279
Hall, C. M., & Boyd, S. W. (Eds.). (2005). Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas: Development or disaster? In Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas: Development or disaster?. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Hendee, J. C., Catton, W. R., Marlow, L. D., & Brockman, C. F. (1968). Wilderness users in the Pacific Northwest –Their characteristics, values and management Preferences. Research Paper PNW-61. Portland: USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Forest & Range Experiment Station.
Hvenegaard, G. T. (2002). Using tourist typologies for ecotourism research. Journal of Ecotourism, 1(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724040208668109
Kane, M. J., & Tucker, H. (2004). Adventure tourism: The freedom to play with reality. Tourist Studies, 4(3), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797604057323
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Kodir, A., Tanjung, A., Ahmad, R., & Simanjuntak, T. B. (2019). Tourism governance in Komodo National Park, Indonesia: Blessing or curse? Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 27(4), 1401–1417. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.27424-443
Lättman, K., Olsson, L. E., & Friman, M. (2018). A new approach to accessibility–Examining perceived accessibility in contrast to objectively measured accessibility in daily travel. Research in Transportation Economics, 69, 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2018.06.002
Lovit, B. (2016). Death by selfie: 11 disturbing stories of social media pics gone wrong. Rollingstone. Rollingstone. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/death-by-selfie-11-disturbing-stories-of-social-media-pics-gone-wrong-15091/
Manning, R. E., Anderson, L. E., & Pettengill, P. (2017). Managing outdoor recreation: Case studies in the national parks. CABI.
Marwa, S., & Rahmafitria, F. (2018). A factor analysis of visitors’ motivation in visiting the geology museum of Bandung. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 145, 012084. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012084
McKercher, B. (2015). Tourism: The quest for the selfish. In T. V Singh (Ed.), Challenges in tourism research (pp. 87–96). Bristol: Channel View.
Mehmetoglu, M. (2007). Typologising nature-based tourists by activity: Theoretical and practical implications. Tourism Management, 28(3), 651–660. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.02.006
Mellon, V., & Bramwell, B. (2016). Protected area policies and sustainable tourism: Influences, relationships and co-evolution. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(10), 1369–1386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1125909
Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/001088047401400409
Pratt, S., & Tolkach, D. (2022). Stupidity in tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 47(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1828555
Rahmafitria, F., Dirgahayani, P., Putro, H. P. H., Rosyidie, A., & Hudalah, D. (2022). Tourism accessibility in protected islands: The case of the Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Tourism Review, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2022-0110
Rahmafitria, F. (2018, August). Disaster risk and travel decision of Middle Eastern tourists to natural destination in Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 179, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP publishing.
Rahmafitria, F., Sukmayadi, V., & Purboyo, H. (2020, May). The real and actual tourism accessibility in protected areas. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 501, No. 1, p. 012047). IOP Publishing.
Sæþórsdóttir, A. D. (2010). Planning nature tourism in Iceland based on tourist attitudes. Tourism Geographies, 12(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903493639
Sæþórsdóttir, A. D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Visitor satisfaction in the wilderness in times of over-tourism: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 123–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1817050
Shaheer, I., & Carr, N. (2022). Social representations of tourists’ deviant behaviors: An analysis of Reddit comments. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), 689–700. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2531
Talakua, M. W., Leleury, Z. A., & Taluta, A. W. (2017). Analisis cluster dengan menggunakan metode K-means untuk pengelompokkan kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Maluku berdasarkan indikator indeks pembangunan manusia tahun 2014. Barekeng: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan, 11(2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol11iss2pp119-128
Tverijonaite, E., Ólafsdóttir, R., & Thorsteinsson, T. (2018). Accessibility of protected areas and visitor behaviour: A case study from Iceland. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 24, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2018.09.001
Vespestad, M. K., & Lindberg, F. (2011). Understanding nature-based tourist experiences: An ontological analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(6), 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2010.513730
Walle, A. H. (1997). Pursuing risk or insight. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 265–282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80001-1
Authors
RahmafitriaF., Purboyo Hidayat PutroH., RosyidieA., DirgahayaniP., Puspito Dyah SetiyoriniH., & Rohmah NurazizahG. (2024). Navigating Conservation Access: Unraveling Ignorant Tourist Behavior and Typologies in Komodo National Park. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 30(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.30.2.237
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