Verifying the Existence of Indigenous Peoples using a Socio-spatial Approach: A Case Study of the Boti Tribe, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 30 No. 2 (2024)
Accepted
4 March 2024
Published
31 July 2024
Keywords:
-
indigenous people recognition, socio-spatial approach, indigenous customary territories, customary law, customary institutions
Abstract
Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 52 of 2014 states that the criteria or evidence that must be met for recognition of indigenous peoples are: indigenous history, customary territories, customary law, customary objects, and customary institutions. Using a case study of the Boti Tribe, the oldest ethnic group on Timor Island, this study aims to collect evidence of the existence of indigenous peoples and their customary territories. This research will focus on verifying evidence of the existence of indigenous peoples using a socio-spatial approach. Our findings show that the Boti indigenous community still exists, with several main evidences of its existence, namely, they have a traditional history in which they were formed from several clans led by the Benu clan; there is a customary area with several use zones of land; there are customary laws that regulate daily life and local wisdom in managing natural resources; and there are traditional practices. Additional evidence was discovered that they manage customary forests sustainably, as evidenced by the consistent forest cover over the last 30 years. These findings can be used to develop academic papers and plans for regional regulations concerning the Boti Tribe's recognition.
References
References
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AMAN. (2014). Empat (4) Skenario Situasi Masyarakat Adat 2024. 2024. Diambil kembali dari https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AnXBvu6La4
Andung, P. A., & Nope, H. A. (2017). Media Rakyat sebagai Media Komunikasi Pembangunan Masyarakat Suku Boti. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 14(2), 277-292.
Arizona, Y. (2023). Adat as Strategy for Legal Struggle and Legal Mobilization. The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies, 2(2), 1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2023v2n2.3
Barnasaputri, I. I. (2021). Jalan Panjang Pengakuan Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Melalui Peraturan Daerah: Beberapa Persoalan yang Belum Selesai. Notaire, 4(1), 1-21. doi:10.20473/ntr.v4i1.22805
Bedner, A., & Arizona, Y. (2019). Adat in Indonesian Land Law: A Promise for the Future or a Dead End? The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20(5), 416-434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2019.1670246
Benu, E. D. (2023). Kontradiksi Penetapan Desa Boti sebagai Desa Adat. Jurnal Politicon, 9(2), 23-35.
BIG. (2017). Pedoman Pemetaan Wilayah Hukum Adat. Jakarta: Badan Informasi Geospasial.
BPS. (2020). Kecamatan Kie dalam Angka 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik.
BRWA. (2021). Status Pengakuan Wilayah Adat Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Registrasi Wilayah Adat.
Budiman, I., Fujiwara, T., Harada, K., & Sato, N. (2021). Customary Forest Managements and Its Challenges in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: An Implication of Constitutional Court Decision 2012. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 27(2), 69-79. doi:https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.27.2.69
Cahyaningrum, D. (2015). Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Mengenal Status Hutan Adat Sebagai Hutan Hak. Kajian, 20(1), 1-16. doi:10.22212/kajian.v20i1.566
Chilisa, B. (2012). Indigenous Research Methodologies. California: Sage.
GTMA. (2021). Peta Jalan Pengakuan, Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Adat di Kabupaten Jayapura. Jayapura: Gugus Tugas Masyarakat Adat Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura.
Hadlos, A., Opdyke, A., & Hadigheh, S. A. (2022). Where Does Local and Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction Go from Here? A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal Disaster Risk Reduction, 79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103160
Harahap, D. M., Adriyanto, A., Sukendro, A., Widodo, P., & Wilopo. (2023). Land Conflict Resolution Efforts of The Laman Kinipan Indigenous Community in Lamandau Regency by Alliansi Indigenous Peoples of The Archipelago (AMAN) to Support National Security. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 52-58. doi:https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i1.471
Hugroho, H. Y., Skidmore, A., & Hussin, Y. A. (2020). Verifying Indigenous Based-Claims to Forest Rights Using Image Interpretation and Spatial Analysis: A Case Study in Gunung Lumut Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Geojournal, 87, 403-421. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10260-x
Konay, A. W., Timo, E. I., & Weny, N. A. (2021). Fungsi Waktu “Sembilan Hari” dalam Kosmologi Orang Boti . Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya, 6(2), 262-273. doi: https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v6i2.19562
McLain, R., Poe, M., Biedenweg, K., Cerveny, L., Besser, D., & Blahna, D. (2013). Making Sense of Human Ecology Mapping: An Overview of Approaches to Integrating Socio-Spatial Data into Environmental Planning. Human ecology, 41(5), 651-655. doi:10.1007/s10745-013-9573-0
Ministry of Home Affairs. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 52 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Adat. Jakarta: Ministry of Home Affairs.
Nandini, R., Kusumandari, A., Gunawan, T., & Sadono, R. (2017). Multidimensional Scaling Approach to Evaluate the Level of Community Forestry Sustainability in Babak Watershed, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Forum Geografi, 31(1), 28-42. doi: 10.23917/forgeo.v31i1.3371
Nope, H. A. (2019). Peran USIF dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Alam pada Masyarakat Adat Boti di Pulau Timor. Talenta Conference Series Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA), 2(3). doi:10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.600
Nubatonis, W. (2019). Kajian Lanskap Budaya Suku Boti di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan- NTT. Malang: Universitas Tribuwana Tungga Dewi.
Pitcher, T. J., & Preikshot, D. (2001). RAPFISH : A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate The Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fisheries Research, 49(3), 255-270. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00205-8
Prasetyo, B. D., & Ndolu, B. (2017). Customary Law to Conserve Natural Resources in Boti Village, Timor Island. Proceedings of IUFRO – INAFOR Joint International Conference, 245-255.
Pujiono, E., Kwak, D.-A., Lee, W.-K., Sulistyanto, Kim, S.-R., Lee, J. Y., . . . Kim, M.-I. (2013). RGB-NDVI Color Composites for Monitoring the Change in Mangrove Area at the Maubesi Nature Reserve, Indonesia. Forest Science and Technology, 9(4), 171-179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2013.842327
Pujiono, E., Raharjo, S. A., Njurumana, G. N., Prasetyo, B. D., & Rianawati, H. (2021). Sustainability Status of Agroforestry Systems in Timor Island, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 305, 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130504003
Ridhwan, D., Astri, C., Taufik, A. A., Dean Affandi, M. F., & Lawalata, J. (2020). Improving the Lives of Indigenous Communities through Mapping: A Case Study from Indonesia. Jakarta: WRI Indonesia. Diambil kembali dari www.wri-indonesia.org/en/publication/Improving-the-Lives-of-Indigenous-Communities
Rouse, J., Haas, R., Deerig, D., & Sehell, J. (1974). Monitoring the Vernal Advancement and Retrogradation (green Wave Effect) of Natural Vegetation. Texas: Remote Sensing Center, Texas A&M University.
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; The Bebali Foundation. (2013). Plants of Boti, and Their Uses in the Traditions of Boti, West Timor, Indonesia. Ubud: The Bebali Foundation.
Safitri, M. A. (2015). Dividing the Land: Legal Gaps in The Recognition of Customary Land in Indonesian Forest Areas. Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies, 30(2), 31-48.
Sandiningtyas, H., & Wiyono, B. B. (2018). Pendidikan Berbasis Budaya Lokal Suku Boti: Studi Kasus di SDN-SMPN Satu Atap Oefau Desa Boti Nusa Tenggara Timur. Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan, 3(1), 77-82.
Suddin, S. (2017). Resources of Boti Village (Timor Island) for the Ecotourism Development. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 5(2), 107-112. doi:10.21776/ub.jitode.2017.005.02.06
Sukwika, T., Darusman, D., Kusmana, C., & Nurrochmat, D. R. (2016). Evaluating the Level of Sustainability of Privately Managed Forest in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 17(1), 241-248. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d170135
Suminar, E. (2018). Persepsi Suku Boti Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup. Ensains, 1(2), 89-94. doi:10.31848/ensains.v1i2.100
Wibowo, A. (2019). Asal usul kebijakan pencadangan hutan adat di Indonesia. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 5(1), 26-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.31292/jb.v5i1.317
Yaqub, A., Diab, A. L., Djaoe, A. N., Riadin, & Iswandi. (2021). Dehumanisation of Moronene Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community in Setting The Boundary of Ulayat Rights. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 14(2), 118-134. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/aladl.v14i2.2932
Auriga Nusantara & JPIK. (2022). Rambu Rambu Percepatan Pengakuan Hutan Adat Untuk Pemanfaatan Hutan Kayu Lestari di Tana Papua. Diambil kembali dari https://www.apkindo.org/storage/app/uploads/public/635/640/647/635640647156a201389348.pdf
AMAN. (2014). Empat (4) Skenario Situasi Masyarakat Adat 2024. 2024. Diambil kembali dari https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AnXBvu6La4
Andung, P. A., & Nope, H. A. (2017). Media Rakyat sebagai Media Komunikasi Pembangunan Masyarakat Suku Boti. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 14(2), 277-292.
Arizona, Y. (2023). Adat as Strategy for Legal Struggle and Legal Mobilization. The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies, 2(2), 1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2023v2n2.3
Barnasaputri, I. I. (2021). Jalan Panjang Pengakuan Kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Melalui Peraturan Daerah: Beberapa Persoalan yang Belum Selesai. Notaire, 4(1), 1-21. doi:10.20473/ntr.v4i1.22805
Bedner, A., & Arizona, Y. (2019). Adat in Indonesian Land Law: A Promise for the Future or a Dead End? The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 20(5), 416-434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2019.1670246
Benu, E. D. (2023). Kontradiksi Penetapan Desa Boti sebagai Desa Adat. Jurnal Politicon, 9(2), 23-35.
BIG. (2017). Pedoman Pemetaan Wilayah Hukum Adat. Jakarta: Badan Informasi Geospasial.
BPS. (2020). Kecamatan Kie dalam Angka 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik.
BRWA. (2021). Status Pengakuan Wilayah Adat Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Registrasi Wilayah Adat.
Budiman, I., Fujiwara, T., Harada, K., & Sato, N. (2021). Customary Forest Managements and Its Challenges in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: An Implication of Constitutional Court Decision 2012. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 27(2), 69-79. doi:https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.27.2.69
Cahyaningrum, D. (2015). Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Mengenal Status Hutan Adat Sebagai Hutan Hak. Kajian, 20(1), 1-16. doi:10.22212/kajian.v20i1.566
Chilisa, B. (2012). Indigenous Research Methodologies. California: Sage.
GTMA. (2021). Peta Jalan Pengakuan, Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Adat di Kabupaten Jayapura. Jayapura: Gugus Tugas Masyarakat Adat Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura.
Hadlos, A., Opdyke, A., & Hadigheh, S. A. (2022). Where Does Local and Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction Go from Here? A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal Disaster Risk Reduction, 79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103160
Harahap, D. M., Adriyanto, A., Sukendro, A., Widodo, P., & Wilopo. (2023). Land Conflict Resolution Efforts of The Laman Kinipan Indigenous Community in Lamandau Regency by Alliansi Indigenous Peoples of The Archipelago (AMAN) to Support National Security. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 52-58. doi:https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i1.471
Hugroho, H. Y., Skidmore, A., & Hussin, Y. A. (2020). Verifying Indigenous Based-Claims to Forest Rights Using Image Interpretation and Spatial Analysis: A Case Study in Gunung Lumut Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Geojournal, 87, 403-421. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10260-x
Konay, A. W., Timo, E. I., & Weny, N. A. (2021). Fungsi Waktu “Sembilan Hari” dalam Kosmologi Orang Boti . Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya, 6(2), 262-273. doi: https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v6i2.19562
McLain, R., Poe, M., Biedenweg, K., Cerveny, L., Besser, D., & Blahna, D. (2013). Making Sense of Human Ecology Mapping: An Overview of Approaches to Integrating Socio-Spatial Data into Environmental Planning. Human ecology, 41(5), 651-655. doi:10.1007/s10745-013-9573-0
Ministry of Home Affairs. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 52 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Adat. Jakarta: Ministry of Home Affairs.
Nandini, R., Kusumandari, A., Gunawan, T., & Sadono, R. (2017). Multidimensional Scaling Approach to Evaluate the Level of Community Forestry Sustainability in Babak Watershed, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Forum Geografi, 31(1), 28-42. doi: 10.23917/forgeo.v31i1.3371
Nope, H. A. (2019). Peran USIF dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Alam pada Masyarakat Adat Boti di Pulau Timor. Talenta Conference Series Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA), 2(3). doi:10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.600
Nubatonis, W. (2019). Kajian Lanskap Budaya Suku Boti di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan- NTT. Malang: Universitas Tribuwana Tungga Dewi.
Pitcher, T. J., & Preikshot, D. (2001). RAPFISH : A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate The Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fisheries Research, 49(3), 255-270. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00205-8
Prasetyo, B. D., & Ndolu, B. (2017). Customary Law to Conserve Natural Resources in Boti Village, Timor Island. Proceedings of IUFRO – INAFOR Joint International Conference, 245-255.
Pujiono, E., Kwak, D.-A., Lee, W.-K., Sulistyanto, Kim, S.-R., Lee, J. Y., . . . Kim, M.-I. (2013). RGB-NDVI Color Composites for Monitoring the Change in Mangrove Area at the Maubesi Nature Reserve, Indonesia. Forest Science and Technology, 9(4), 171-179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2013.842327
Pujiono, E., Raharjo, S. A., Njurumana, G. N., Prasetyo, B. D., & Rianawati, H. (2021). Sustainability Status of Agroforestry Systems in Timor Island, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 305, 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130504003
Ridhwan, D., Astri, C., Taufik, A. A., Dean Affandi, M. F., & Lawalata, J. (2020). Improving the Lives of Indigenous Communities through Mapping: A Case Study from Indonesia. Jakarta: WRI Indonesia. Diambil kembali dari www.wri-indonesia.org/en/publication/Improving-the-Lives-of-Indigenous-Communities
Rouse, J., Haas, R., Deerig, D., & Sehell, J. (1974). Monitoring the Vernal Advancement and Retrogradation (green Wave Effect) of Natural Vegetation. Texas: Remote Sensing Center, Texas A&M University.
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; The Bebali Foundation. (2013). Plants of Boti, and Their Uses in the Traditions of Boti, West Timor, Indonesia. Ubud: The Bebali Foundation.
Safitri, M. A. (2015). Dividing the Land: Legal Gaps in The Recognition of Customary Land in Indonesian Forest Areas. Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies, 30(2), 31-48.
Sandiningtyas, H., & Wiyono, B. B. (2018). Pendidikan Berbasis Budaya Lokal Suku Boti: Studi Kasus di SDN-SMPN Satu Atap Oefau Desa Boti Nusa Tenggara Timur. Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan, 3(1), 77-82.
Suddin, S. (2017). Resources of Boti Village (Timor Island) for the Ecotourism Development. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 5(2), 107-112. doi:10.21776/ub.jitode.2017.005.02.06
Sukwika, T., Darusman, D., Kusmana, C., & Nurrochmat, D. R. (2016). Evaluating the Level of Sustainability of Privately Managed Forest in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 17(1), 241-248. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d170135
Suminar, E. (2018). Persepsi Suku Boti Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup. Ensains, 1(2), 89-94. doi:10.31848/ensains.v1i2.100
Wibowo, A. (2019). Asal usul kebijakan pencadangan hutan adat di Indonesia. Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 5(1), 26-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.31292/jb.v5i1.317
Yaqub, A., Diab, A. L., Djaoe, A. N., Riadin, & Iswandi. (2021). Dehumanisation of Moronene Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community in Setting The Boundary of Ulayat Rights. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 14(2), 118-134. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/aladl.v14i2.2932
Authors
DakoF. X., SetyowatiR., HerningtyasW., PujionoE., Budiman I., & OematanO. K. (2024). Verifying the Existence of Indigenous Peoples using a Socio-spatial Approach: A Case Study of the Boti Tribe, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 30(2), 169. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.30.2.169
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