Traditional Ecological Knowledge of the Tengger Tribe and its Influencing Factors in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Article Sidebar
-
knowledge; tribe; national park; conservation; protected
Abstract
An understanding of the local traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of a region is crucial to understand the interactions between indigenous societies and their ecosystems. To understand the TEK of Indonesian indigenous people and its influencing factors, we evaluated the Tengger people’s knowledge and conservation awareness regarding culturally important plants (Javanese edelweiss). We interviewed 641 people from seven Tengger villages located adjacent to Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTS), Indonesia. We developed 31 models to examine factors affecting edelweiss knowledge and calculated the Akaike information criterion values to select the best model. Sex, education, and residency duration were significant predictors of edelweiss knowledge. Men, individuals with higher levels of education, and those who had lived in the area for a longer period of time had higher levels of edelweiss knowledge. Our findings confirm that communication within the community and external information sources, such as media and formal education, are involved in knowledge transmission related to edelweiss. Educational activities for local people can be used to disseminate TEK through formal education in schools and informal education programs conducted by the national park managers.
References
Ade, F. Y., Hakim, L., Arumingtyas, E. L., & Azrianingsih, R. (2021). Conservation strategy of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 11(1), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.01.10.
Amalia, L., Hakim, W. L., Miranti, M., Putri, D. I., & Kristianti, T. (2019). Comparing the javanese edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica) density in Tegal Alun, Tegal Bungbrun and Pondok Saladah of Mount Papandayan. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402, 033032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033032
Anderson, C. J., Varkuilen, J., & Johnson, T. R. (2012). Applied generalized linear mixed models: Continuous and discrete data. Springer.
Archer, L. J., Papworth, S. K., Apale, C. M., Corona, D. B., Gacilos, J. T., Amada, R. L., ..., & Turvey, S. T. (2020). Scaling up local ecological knowledge to prioritise areas for protection: Determining philippine pangolin distribution, status and threats. Global Ecology and Conservation, 24, e01395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01395
Arumbu, P., & Srinivasalu, S. (2018). Sustainable model for high signal to noise ratio to measure underwater acoustic signal using acoustic doppler velocimeter. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 68, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.03.034.
Ayantunde, A. A., Briejer, M., Hiernaux, P., Udo, H. M. J., & Tabo, R. (2008). Botanical knowledge and its differentiation by age, gender and ethnicity in southwestern Niger. Human Ecology, 36, 881–889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-008-9200-7
Beaudreau, A. H., & Levin, P. S. (2014). Advancing the use of ecological knowledge for assessing data-poor species in coastal ecosystem. Ecological Application, 24, 244–256.
Benner, J., Nielsen, J., & Lertzman K. (2021). Using traditional ecological knowledge to understand the diversity and abundance of culturally important trees. Journal of Ethnobiology, 41, 209–28. https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-41.2.209
Berkes, F. (1993). Traditional ecological knowledge: Concepts and cases. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. (2000). Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Application, 10, 1251–1262.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Statistik Indonesia 2022. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2022/02/25/0a2afea4fab72a5d052cb315/statistik-indonesia-2022.html
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Lumajang. (2022). Kabupaten Lumajang dalam Angka 2022. Lumajang: Badan Pusat Statistik. https://lumajangkab.bps.go.id/publication
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Malang. (2022). Kabupaten Malang dalam Angka 2022. Malang: Badan Pusat Statistik. https://malangkab.bps.go.id/publication
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pasuruan. (2022). Kabupaten Pasuruan dalam Angka 2022. Pasuruan: Badan Pusat Statistik. https://pasuruankab.bps.go.id/publication
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Probolinggo. (2022). Kabupaten Probolinggo dalam Angka 2022. Probolinggo: Bada Pusat Statistik. https://probolinggokab.bps.go.id/publication
[BTSNP] Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. (2022). Statistik Balai Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru tahun 2021. Balai Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru.
Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2004). Sociological methods and research multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach (2rd ed.). Coloroda: Springer.
Caballero-Serrano, V., McLaren, B., Carrasco, J. C., Alday, J. G., Fiallos, L., Amigo, J., & Onaindia, M. (2019). Traditional ecological knowledge and medicinal plant diversity in Ecuadorian Amazon home gardens. Global Ecology and Conservation, 17, e00524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00524
Camou-Guerrero, A., Reyes-García, V., Martínez-Ramos, M., & Casas, A. (2008). Knowledge and use value of plant species in a Rarámuri community: A gender perspective for conservation. Human Ecology, 36, 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9152-3
Ceríaco, L. M. P., Marques, M. P., Madeira, N. C., Vila-Viçosa, C. M., & Mendes, P. (2011). Folklore and traditional ecological knowledge of geckos in Southern Portugal: Implications for conservation and science. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 7, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-26
Chazdon, R. L., & Coe, F. G. (1999). Ethnobotany of woody species in second‐growth old‐growth and selectively logged forests of northeastern Costa Rica. Conservation Biology, 13, 1312–1322.
Chen, Y., Zhou, R., Chen, B., Chen, H., Li, Y., Chen, Z., ..., & Wang, H. (2020). Knowledge, perceived beliefs, and preventive behaviors related to COVID-19 among Chinese older adults: Cross-sectional web-based survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(12), e23729. https://doi.org/10.2196/23729
Drew, J. A. (2005). Use of traditional ecological knowledge in marine conservation. Conservation Biology, 19, 1286–1293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00158.x
Fatjerin, L. R., & Budirahayu, T. (2021). The struggle of Tengger tribal youths using higher education to get social and cultural status in society. Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika, 16, 64–75. https://doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v16i1.2021.64-75
Fortmann, L., & Rocheleau., D. (1984). Why agroforestry needs women: Four myths and a case study. Unasylva, 36, 146. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/R0465E/r0465e02.htm#why%20agroforestry%20needs%20women:%20four%20myths%20and%20a%20case%20study
Furusawa, T., Sirikolo, M. Q., Sasaoka, M., & Ohtsuka, R. (2014). Interaction between forest biodiversity and people’s use of forest resources in Roviana, Solomon Islands: Implications for biocultural conservation under socioeconomic changes. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 10, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-10
Gao, H., Xiang, Z., He, J., Luo, B., Wang, W., Deng, Y., ..., & Feng, J. (2023). Using expert knowledge to identify key threats and conservation strategies for wildlife: A case study with bats in China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 41, e02364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02364
Guo, S., & Hussey, D. L. (2004). Nonprobability sampling in social work research. Journal of Social Service Research, 30, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n03_01
Haliim, W. (2018). The dynamics of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park land conservation policy implementation. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 14, 53–68.
https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v14i1.327
Herawati, T., Rohadi, D., Rahmat, M., & Winarno B. (2019). An exploration of gender equity in household: A case from a peatland-based community in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20, 853–861. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200332
Hernández-Morcillo, M., Hoberg, J., Oteros-Rozas, E., Plieninger, T., Gómez-Baggethun, E., & Reyes-García, V. (2014). Traditional ecological knowledge in Europe: Status quo and insights for the environmental policy agenda. Environment, 56, 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2014.861673
Hernawan, H., Abdussalam, R., Taofik, D. B. I., & Susila, A. A. R. (2020). Analysis of type insect in javanese edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica) at Tegal Bungbrun Papandayan Mountain. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098, 062063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1098/6/062063
Hicks, C. C., & Cinner, J. E. (2014). Social, institutional, and knowledge mechanisms mediate diverse ecosystem service benefits from coral reefs. Sustainability Science, 111, 17791–17796. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413473111
Huda, M. T., & Khasanah, I. (2019). The relationship between religious tribes in Tengger (Hindu, Islam and Budha). Vidyottama Sanatama, 3(2), 284–296. https://doi.org/10.25078/ijhsrs.v3i2.748
Huddy, L. (2001). From social to political identity: A critical examination of social identity theory. Political Psychology, 22(1), 127–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00230
Hughes, A. C. (2017). Understanding the drivers of Southeast Asian biodiversity loss. Ecosphere, 8, e01624. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1624
Ibrahim, M. S. N., Assim, M. I. S. A., Johari, S., Mohammad, S. K. W., Afandi, S. H. M., & Hassan, S. (2022). Public awareness on biodiversity conservation and well‑being: Case of Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak. GeoJournal, 88(3), 3471–3496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10818-x
Ifa, H., Yoga, D., Puspita, L., & Mazidah, U. (2019). Analisis sosial ekonomi terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat Tengger Gunung Bromo. Majalah Pembelajaran Geografi, 2(1), 169–175.
Iniesta-Arandia, I., Garcı´a del Amo, D., Garcı´a-Nieto, A. P., Pin˜ eiro, C., Montes, C., & Martı´n-Lo´pez, B. (2014). Factors influencing local ecological knowledge maintenance in Mediterranean Watersheds: Insights for environmental policies. Ambio, 44, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0556-1
Joa, B., Winkel, G., & Primmer, E. (2018). The unknown known–A review of local ecological knowledge in relation to forest biodiversity conservation. Land Use Policy, 79, 520–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.09.001.
Johnson, J. B., & Omland, V. (2004). Model selection in ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.013
Joshi, N., Ghorbani, A., Siwakoti, M., & Kehlenbeck, K. (2020). Utilization pattern and indigenous knowledge of wild medicinal plants among three ethnic groups in Makawanpur District, Central Nepal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 262, 113219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113219
[KLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2022). Statistik lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Kuspraningrum, E., Yuliati, T. L., Safa’at, R., & Kuspradini, H. (2020). Review: The conservation of Tengger indigenous people's traditional knowledge of biological natural resource based disease treatments. Biodiversitas, 21(11), 5040–5053. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211108
Lathifah, A. N., Guo Y., Sakagami, N., Suda, W., Higuchi, M., Nishizawa, T., ..., & Ohta, H. (2019). Comparative characterization of bacterial communities in moss-covered and unvegetated volcanic deposits of Mount Merapi, Indonesia. Microbes and Environments, 34(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME19041
Louv, R. (2005). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-defcit disorder. Atlantic Book.
Maghiar, L. M., Stoica I. A., & Tanentzap, A. J. (2021). Integrating demography and distribution modeling for the ionic Leontopodium alpinum Colm. in the Romanian Carpathians. Ecology and Evolution, 11(18), 12322–12334. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7864
Manggala, H. D. A. (2019). Perubahan sosial di Tosari (Studi kasus lunturnya folklore masyarakat Desa Tosari Kecamatan Tosari Kabupaten Pasuruan). Indonesian Journal of Sociology, Education, and Development, 1(2), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.52483/ijsed.v1i2.9
Naah, J. B. S. N., & Guuroh, R. T. (2017). Factors influencing local ecological knowledge of forage resources: Ethnobotanical evidence from West Africa’s savannas. Journal of Environmental Management, 188, 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.064
Nja, C. B., Anari, M. I., Erim, C. M., Idiege, K. J., Ilhami, A., Ukah, J. U., ..., & Cornelius-Ukpepi, B. U. (2023). Learning space, students’ collaboration, educational outcomes, and interest: Exploring the physical, social and psychological mediators. Hellyon, 9, e15456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15456
Nash, H. C., Wong, M. H. G., & Turvey, S. T. (2016). Using local ecological knowledge to determine status and threats of the critically endangered chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in Hainan, China. Biological Conservation, 196, 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.025
Nunes, A. T., de Lucena, F. R, dos Santos, M. V. V., & Albuquerque, U. P. (2015). Local knowledge about forage plants in the semi-arid region of Northeatern Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 11, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-11-12
Nurcahyono, O. H., & Astutik, D. (2018). Harmonisasi masyarakat adat Suku Tengger (Analisis keberadaan modal sosial pada proses harmonisasi pada masayarakat adat Suku Tengger, Desa Tosari, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur). Dialetika Masyarakat, 2(1), 1–12.
Okui, K., Sawada, Y., & Yoshida, T. (2021). “Wisdom of the elders” or “Loss of experience” as a mechanism to explain the decline in traditional ecological knowledge: A case study on Awaji Island, Japan. Human Ecology, 49, 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00237-w
Oo, T. N., Hakim, L., & Afandhi, A. (2022). The distribution and habitat profiles of Anaphalis spp. outside protected forest in Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 3(2), 277–291.
Oteng-Yeboah, A., Mutta, D., Byarugaba, D., & Mala, W. A. (2012). Traditional forest-related knowledge. Sustaining communities, ecosystem and biocultural diversity. Dordrecht: Springer.
Papworth, S. K., Rist, J., Coad, L., & Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2009). Evidence for shifting baseline syndrome in conservation. Conservation Letter, 2, 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00049.x
Phuthego, T. C., & Chanda, R. (2004). Traditional ecological knowledge and community-based natural resource management: Lessons from a Botswana wildlife management area. Applied Geography, 24(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2003.10.001
Pramita, N. H, Indriyani, S., & Hakim, L. (2013). Etnobotani upacara Kasada Masyarakat Tengger, di Desa Ngadas, Kecamatan Malang, Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang. Journal of Indonesia Tourism Development, 1(2), 5261. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2013.001.02.02
Putri, F. K., Noven. H. J., Nurcahyati, M., Irfan, A. N., Septiasari, A., Batoro, J., & Setyawan, A. D. (2022). Review: Local wisdom of the Tengger Tribe, East Java, Indonesia in environmental conservation. Asian Journal of Ethnobiology, 5(1),20–34. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y050203
Qumseya, B. J. (2021). Quality assessment for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 92, 486–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.10.007
Rahma, M. J., Soemarno, & Natoro, J. (2023). “Hulun Hyang” farmer group asset mapping using asset-based community development methode as an ex-situ edelweiss flower conservation in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Area (Case study: Edelweiss Park, Wonokitri Village). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1131, 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1131/1/012013
Rahma, M. J., Soemarno, & Natoro, J. (2022). Perspective of Edelweiss Park as an ecological and economic ex-situ conservation area of edelweiss flowers in villages. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 20, 912–924. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.4.912-924
Rachmadyanti, P., Syafitri, R. M., Rahmawati, I., & Winingsih, E. (2021). The literature review of Tengger Tribe local wisdom. Building the character value on the elementary school students. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Arts and Humanities 2021 (IJCAH 2021). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 618, 1206–1216. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211223.211
Ratih, E. K., & Juwariyah, A. (2020). Konstruksi sosial upacara adat Karo Suku Tengger di Desa Tosari, Kecamatan Tosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Jurnal Analisa Sosial, 19(2), 526–550. https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v9i2.42103
Rintelen, K. V., Arida, E., & Häuser, C. (2017). A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megadiverse Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 3, e20860. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e20860
Rohman, F., Lestari, S. R., Utomo, D. H., Purwanto., Juma, Y., Arifah, S. N., & Annisa, Y. (2019). The utilization of plant diversity by Tengger Tribe around Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 276, 012042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/276/1/012042
Roziaty, e., & Wijaya, N. M. (2019). Diversity and distribution pattern of Anaphalis sp. (Edelweiss) in the Cemoro Sewu climbing track in Mount Lawu Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. EurAsian Journal of BioScience, 13(2), 1755–1762.
Sigala, A., Ngongolo, K., & Mmbaga, N. (2021). Awareness and involvement of local communities adjacent kihansi catchment in conservation of the re-introduced kihansi spray toads (Nectophrynoides asperginis). Global Ecology and Conservation, 31, e01861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01861
Sinthumule, N. I., & Mashau, M. L. (2020). Traditional ecological knowledge and practices for forest conservation in Thathe Vondo in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00910.
Smith, T. W. (2007). Social identity and socio-demographic structure. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 19(3), 380–390. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edm015
Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2007). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297.
Suminar, P. (2023). Will indigenous ecological knowledge vanish? Assessing persistence of the Celako Kemali in farming practice among the Serawainese in Bengkulu, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 7(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.22033
Susanti, R., & Zuhud, E. A. M. (2019). Traditional ecological knowledge and biodiversity conservation: The medicinal plants of the Dayak Krayan people in Kayan Mentarang National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(9), 2764–2779. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200943
Tamou, C., De Boer, I. J. M., Ripoll-Bosch, R., & Oosting, S. J. (2018). Traditional ecological knowledge underlying herding decisions of Pastoralists. Animal, 12(4), 831–843. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117002130
Truong, D. D. (2022). Community awareness and participation in biodiversity conservation at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. Biodiversitas, 23(1), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230163
Tuohy, P., Cvitanovic, C., & Shellock, R. J. (2022). Understanding visitor awareness and knowledge of marine parks: Insights from the Ningaloo Coast, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management, 227, 106282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106282
Turvey, S. T., Bryant, J. V., Duncan, C., Wong, M. H. G., Guan, Z., Fei, H., ..., & Fan, P. (2017). How many remnant gibbon populations are left on Hainan? Testing the use of local ecological knowledge to detect cryptic threatened primates. American Journal of Primatology, 79(2), e22593. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22593
Turvey, S. T., Trung, C. T., Quyet, V. D., Nhu, H. V., Thoai, D. V., Tuan, V. C. A., ..., & Wilkinson, N. M. (2015). Interview-based sighting histories can inform regional conservation prioritization for highly threatened cryptic species. Jornal of Applied Ecology, 52, 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12382
Ugulu, I. (2021). Traditional environmental knowledge and gifted students as two important sources of social memory: Gifted students’ attitudes towards traditional knowledge. European Journal of Education Studies, 8(7), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v8i7.3804
Utomo, A. B. S., & Heddy, Y. B. S. (2018). Etnobotani edelweis (Anaphalis spp.) di Desa Ngadas, Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(8), 1648–1654.
van Der Goot, M. J., Bol, N., & van Weert, J. C. M. (2021). Age differences in preferences for emotionally-meaningful versus knowledge-related appeals. Communications, 46(2), 205–228. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-0108
Wilkinson, N. M., & Duc, L. V. (2017). Rank aggregation of local expert knowledge for conservation planning of the critically endangered Saola. Conservation Biology, 31(3), 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12853
Zhang, L., Guan, Z., Fei, H., Yan, L., Turvey, S. T., & Fan, P. (2020). Influence of traditional ecological knowledge on conservation of the skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) outside nature reserves. Biological Conservation, 241, 108267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108267.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika is an open access journal which means that all contents is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.Article Details
