Study on the Phenology of Three Fruit Trees Species in Purwodadi Botanical Gardens, East Java, and Its Relationship with Mesoclimates
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2023)
Accepted
5 April 2023
Published
18 April 2023
Keywords:
-
phenology shift, fruit plant, precipitation, temperature
Abstract
Nowadays the study of phenology has taken an important contribution to climate change research. Therefore this study observed local fruit trees species collected in the Purwodadi Botanical Gardens (PBG); they were Flacourtia rukam (Zoll & Moritzi), Limonia acidissima L., and Manilkara kauki (L) Dubard. We used fruit phenology data from 2014 to 2018 as secondary data to describe the changes. We also observed the weekly phenology of flowering and fruiting for three years from 2019 to 2022. At the same time, mesoclimates components included precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature were daily recorded by the PBG weather station measurement. Data pairs were then analyzed by using a structural modeling of WarpPLS to determine the relationship among mesoclimates and phenology variables. Research showed that phenology of flowering and fruiting of F. rukam, L. acidisissima, and M. kauki was significantly shifted from 2014 to 2022, along with changes in rainfall patterns, maximum and minimum temperatures in the PBG. Based on the Friedman test, it was shown that the maximum and minimum temperatures significantly changed (p<0.05). Five months of mesoclimates were significant predictors and affected before the measurement of phenological flowering and fruiting of three species. High precipitation significantly reduced maximum temperature, and increased minimum temperature. The high precipitation reduced the probability of flowering and fruiting initiation, except for those of L. acidissima. Increasing maximum temperature reduced flower and fruit set of F. rukam and L. acidisissima, while it reduced flowering of L. acidissima. Furthermore, minimum temperature induced flowering, except in L. acidissima.
References
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Arisoesilaningsih, E., Soejono, Widyati, A., Palupi, I., & Kiswojo. (2001, January 29–30). Aktivitas reproduktif tiga spesies pohon langka tahan kering di Kebun Raya Purwodadi [Conference presentation]. Seminar Nasional Konservasi and Pendayagunaan Kenekaragaman Tumbuhan Lahan Kering. LIPI-KRP and MIPA Universitas Brawijaya, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Bollen, A., & Donati, G. (2005) Phenology of the littoral fores of Sainte Luce, southeastern Madagascar. Biotropica, 37, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.04094.x
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[BMKG] Badan Metereologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2022). Ekstrim perubahan iklim. https://www.bmkg.go.id/iklim/?p=ekstrem-perubahan-iklim
[BMKG] Badan Metereologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2023). Gambaran cuaca Jawa Timur. https://dataonline.bmkg.go.id
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Brearley, F. Q., Proctor, J., Suriantata, Nagy, L., Dalrymple, G., & Voysey, B. C. (2007). Reproductive phenology over a 10‐year period in a lowland evergreen rain forest of central Borneo. Journal of Ecology, 95(4), 828–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01258.x
Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Struhsaker, T. T., Zanne, A. E., Clark, C. J., & Poulsen, J. R. (2005). A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: Importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical ecology, 21(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467404001993
Chen, X. (2017). Plant phenology of natural landscape dynamics. In X. Chen (Ed.), Spatiotemporal processes of plant phenology (pp. 1–5). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49839-2
Cleland, E. E., Chuine, I., Menzel, A., Mooney, H. A., & Schwartz, M. D. (2007). Shifting plant phenology in response to global change. Trends in ecology & evolution, 22(7), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.04.003
Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics. New York: Wiley.
Curran, L. M., Caniago, I., Paoli, G. D., Astianti, D., Kusneti, M. Leighton, M., …, & Haeruman, H. (1999) Impact of El Niño and logging on canopy tree recruitment in Borneo. Science, 286, 2184–2188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5447.218
Davenport, T. L. (2009). Reproductive physiology. In R. E. Litz, (Ed.), The mango: botany production and uses (2nd ed.; pp. 97–169). CABInternational, Wallingford.
Gray, R. E., & Ewers, R. M. (2021). Monitoring forest phenology in a changing world. Forests, 12(3), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030297
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Hair, J. F., Gabriel, M., & Patel, V. (2014). AMOS covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM): Guidelines on its application as a marketing research tool. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i2.2718
Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.10008574
Hatta, H., Gumilang, A. R., Fijridiyanto, I. A., Hashiba, K. & Darnaedi, D. (2005). Phenology and growth habits of tropical trees long-term observations in the Bogor and Cibodas Botanic Gardens, Indonesia [monograph]. Bogor: National Science Museum.
Hoppula, K. B., & Karhu, S. T. (2006). Strawberry fruit quality responses to the production environment [White paper]. The International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS), FAO. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=FI2016100077
Jones DT. (1992). Edible fruits and nuts. In E. W. M. Verheij, & R. E. Coronel (Eds.), Plant resources of South-East Asia 2 (pp. 190–191). Bogor: Prosea.
Justiniano, M. J. & Fredericksen, T. S. (2000) Phenology of tree species in Bolivian dry forests. Biotropica, 32, 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2000)032[0276:POTSIB]2.0.CO;2
Krajewski, A., & Rabe, E. (1995). Citrus flowering: A critical review. Journal of HorticulturalScience, 70, 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1995.11515306
Lakitan, B. (2020). Dasar-dasar klimatologi (5th ed.). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada
Lieth, H. (1974). Purposes of a phenology book. In H. Lieth (Ed.), Phenology and seasonality modeling (pp. 3–19). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51863-8_1
Lütkepohl, H., & Claessen, H. (1997). Analysis of cointegreated VARMA processes. Journal of Econometrics, 80(2), 223—239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(97)00035-3
Nugroho, I. A., Dorly, A., & Hartana. (2012, November 26–27). Keragaman kawista (Limonia acidissima L) di Kabupaten Rembang [Conference Presentation]. Seminar PBI XXI. Aceh, Indonesia.
Polansky, L., & Boesch, C. (2013). Long‐term changes in fruit phenology in a West African lowland tropical rain forest are not explained by rainfall. Biotropica, 45(4), 434–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12033
Putz, F.E. (1979) A seasonality in Malaysian tree phenology. Malaysian Forester, 42, 1–24.
Rajatiya, J., Varu, D. K., Gohil, P., Solanki, M., Halepotara, F., Gohil, M., ..., & Solanki, R. (2018). Climate change: Impact, mitigation and adaptation in fruit crops. International Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, 6(1), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6161
Ramirez, F., Davenport, T. L, Fischer, G., Pinzon, J. C. A., & Ulrichs, C. (2014). Mango trees have no distinct phenology: The case of mangoes. Scientia Horticulturae, 168, 258–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.040
Roberts, A. M. I. (2012). Comparison of regression methods for phenology. International Journal of Biometeorology, 56(4), 707–717. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00484-011-0472-z
Sakai, S., Harrison, R. D., Momose, K., Kuraji, K., Nagamasu, H., Yasunari, T., ..., & Nakashizuka, T. (2006) Irregular droughts trigger mass flowering in aseasonal tropical forests in Asia. American Journal of Botany, 93, 1134–1139. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.8.1134
Sleumer, H. (1954). Flacourtiaceae. In C. G. G. J. van Steenis, (Ed.), Flora Malesiana (Series 1, Vol. 5, pp. 69–77).
Stander, J. O. (2015). The reproductive phenology of citrus III: Morphogenesis from flower to fruit. Technology, Citrus Research International, Okt-Nov, 77–82.
Streher, A. S., Sobreiro, J. F. F., Morellato, L. P. C., & Silva, T. S. F. (2017). Land surface phenology in the tropics: The role of climate and topography in a snow-free mountain. Ecosystems, 20(8), 1436–1453. https://doi.org./10.1007/s10021-017-0123-2
Stucky, B. J., Guralnick, R., Deck, J., Denny, E. G., Bolmgren, K., & Walls, R. (2018). The plant phenology ontology: A new informatics resource for large-scale integration of plant phenology data. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 517. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00517
Sudrajat, D. J., & Suita, E. (2009). Penentuan metode pengujian kadar air dan percambahan benih sawo kecik. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, 3(2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2009.3.2.63-72
Sukamto, L. A. (2000, November 12–13). Kultur biji kupas and tanpa kupas kawista secara in vitro [Paper presentation]. Seminar Nasional III, Pengembangan Wilayah Lahan Kering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung.
Turner, D. W., Fortescue, J. A., & Thomas, D. S. (2007). Environmental physiology of the bananas (Musa spp.). Brazilian. Journal of Plant Physiology, 19(4), 463–484. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202007000400013
Verheij, E. W. M., & Coronel R. E.. (1991). Plant resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA): Edible fruits and tuts. Wageningen: PROSEA Publisher.
Webb, L. B., Whetton, P. H., & Barlow, E. W. R. (2007). Modelled impact of future climate change on the phenology of winegrapes in Australia. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 13(3), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2007.tb00247.x
Wich, S. A., & van Schaik, C. P. (2000) The impact of El Niño on mast fruiting in Sumatra and elsewhere in Malesia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400001577
Wolfe, D. W., Schwartz, M. D., Lakso, A. N., Otsuki, Y., Pool, R. M., & Shaulis, N. J. (2005). Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. International Journal of Biometeorology, 49(5), 303–309. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00484-004-0248-9
Wycherley, P. R. (1973). The phenology of plants in the humid tropics. Micronesica, 9(1), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.002033
Zhou, L., Tian, Y., Myneni, R. B., Ciais, P., Saatchi, S., Liu, Y. Y., ..., & Hwang, T. (2014). Widespread decline of Congo rainforest greenness in the past decade. Nature, 509(7498), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13265
Zuriyati, Y., & Dahono. (2016). Keragaman sumber daya genetik tanaman buah-buahan eksotik di Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 22(1), 11–20.
Ackerly, D. D., Loarie, S. R., Cornwell, W. K., Weiss, S. B. Hamilton, H., Branciforte, R., & Kraft N. J. B (2010). The geography of climate change: Implications for conservation biogeography. Diversity and Distributions, 16(3), 476–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00654.x
Arisoesilaningsih, E., & Soejono. (2001, January 29–30). Kebun Raya Purwodadi adalah hortus iklim kering?[Conference presentation]. Seminar Nasional Konservasi and Pendayagunaan Kenekaragaman Tumbuhan Lahan Kering. LIPI-KRP and MIPA Universitas Brawijaya, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Arisoesilaningsih, E., Soejono, Widyati, A., Palupi, I., & Kiswojo. (2001, January 29–30). Aktivitas reproduktif tiga spesies pohon langka tahan kering di Kebun Raya Purwodadi [Conference presentation]. Seminar Nasional Konservasi and Pendayagunaan Kenekaragaman Tumbuhan Lahan Kering. LIPI-KRP and MIPA Universitas Brawijaya, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Bollen, A., & Donati, G. (2005) Phenology of the littoral fores of Sainte Luce, southeastern Madagascar. Biotropica, 37, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.04094.x
[BMKG] Badan Metereologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2021). Ekstrim perubahan iklim. https://www.bmkg.go.id/iklim/?p=ekstrem-perubahan-iklim
[BMKG] Badan Metereologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2022). Ekstrim perubahan iklim. https://www.bmkg.go.id/iklim/?p=ekstrem-perubahan-iklim
[BMKG] Badan Metereologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2023). Gambaran cuaca Jawa Timur. https://dataonline.bmkg.go.id
Budiharta, S., & Solikin. (2010). Potensi and konservasi buah-buahan lokal Jawa Timur. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
Brearley, F. Q., Proctor, J., Suriantata, Nagy, L., Dalrymple, G., & Voysey, B. C. (2007). Reproductive phenology over a 10‐year period in a lowland evergreen rain forest of central Borneo. Journal of Ecology, 95(4), 828–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01258.x
Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Struhsaker, T. T., Zanne, A. E., Clark, C. J., & Poulsen, J. R. (2005). A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: Importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical ecology, 21(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467404001993
Chen, X. (2017). Plant phenology of natural landscape dynamics. In X. Chen (Ed.), Spatiotemporal processes of plant phenology (pp. 1–5). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49839-2
Cleland, E. E., Chuine, I., Menzel, A., Mooney, H. A., & Schwartz, M. D. (2007). Shifting plant phenology in response to global change. Trends in ecology & evolution, 22(7), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.04.003
Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics. New York: Wiley.
Curran, L. M., Caniago, I., Paoli, G. D., Astianti, D., Kusneti, M. Leighton, M., …, & Haeruman, H. (1999) Impact of El Niño and logging on canopy tree recruitment in Borneo. Science, 286, 2184–2188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5447.218
Davenport, T. L. (2009). Reproductive physiology. In R. E. Litz, (Ed.), The mango: botany production and uses (2nd ed.; pp. 97–169). CABInternational, Wallingford.
Gray, R. E., & Ewers, R. M. (2021). Monitoring forest phenology in a changing world. Forests, 12(3), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030297
Hamzah, Z. (1977). Survey ekologi sawokecik di ujung timur Pulau Jawa. Laporan No. 252. Bogor: Lembaga Penelitian Hutan.
Hair, J. F., Gabriel, M., & Patel, V. (2014). AMOS covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM): Guidelines on its application as a marketing research tool. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i2.2718
Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.10008574
Hatta, H., Gumilang, A. R., Fijridiyanto, I. A., Hashiba, K. & Darnaedi, D. (2005). Phenology and growth habits of tropical trees long-term observations in the Bogor and Cibodas Botanic Gardens, Indonesia [monograph]. Bogor: National Science Museum.
Hoppula, K. B., & Karhu, S. T. (2006). Strawberry fruit quality responses to the production environment [White paper]. The International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS), FAO. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=FI2016100077
Jones DT. (1992). Edible fruits and nuts. In E. W. M. Verheij, & R. E. Coronel (Eds.), Plant resources of South-East Asia 2 (pp. 190–191). Bogor: Prosea.
Justiniano, M. J. & Fredericksen, T. S. (2000) Phenology of tree species in Bolivian dry forests. Biotropica, 32, 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2000)032[0276:POTSIB]2.0.CO;2
Krajewski, A., & Rabe, E. (1995). Citrus flowering: A critical review. Journal of HorticulturalScience, 70, 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1995.11515306
Lakitan, B. (2020). Dasar-dasar klimatologi (5th ed.). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada
Lieth, H. (1974). Purposes of a phenology book. In H. Lieth (Ed.), Phenology and seasonality modeling (pp. 3–19). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51863-8_1
Lütkepohl, H., & Claessen, H. (1997). Analysis of cointegreated VARMA processes. Journal of Econometrics, 80(2), 223—239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(97)00035-3
Nugroho, I. A., Dorly, A., & Hartana. (2012, November 26–27). Keragaman kawista (Limonia acidissima L) di Kabupaten Rembang [Conference Presentation]. Seminar PBI XXI. Aceh, Indonesia.
Polansky, L., & Boesch, C. (2013). Long‐term changes in fruit phenology in a West African lowland tropical rain forest are not explained by rainfall. Biotropica, 45(4), 434–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12033
Putz, F.E. (1979) A seasonality in Malaysian tree phenology. Malaysian Forester, 42, 1–24.
Rajatiya, J., Varu, D. K., Gohil, P., Solanki, M., Halepotara, F., Gohil, M., ..., & Solanki, R. (2018). Climate change: Impact, mitigation and adaptation in fruit crops. International Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, 6(1), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6161
Ramirez, F., Davenport, T. L, Fischer, G., Pinzon, J. C. A., & Ulrichs, C. (2014). Mango trees have no distinct phenology: The case of mangoes. Scientia Horticulturae, 168, 258–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.040
Roberts, A. M. I. (2012). Comparison of regression methods for phenology. International Journal of Biometeorology, 56(4), 707–717. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00484-011-0472-z
Sakai, S., Harrison, R. D., Momose, K., Kuraji, K., Nagamasu, H., Yasunari, T., ..., & Nakashizuka, T. (2006) Irregular droughts trigger mass flowering in aseasonal tropical forests in Asia. American Journal of Botany, 93, 1134–1139. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.8.1134
Sleumer, H. (1954). Flacourtiaceae. In C. G. G. J. van Steenis, (Ed.), Flora Malesiana (Series 1, Vol. 5, pp. 69–77).
Stander, J. O. (2015). The reproductive phenology of citrus III: Morphogenesis from flower to fruit. Technology, Citrus Research International, Okt-Nov, 77–82.
Streher, A. S., Sobreiro, J. F. F., Morellato, L. P. C., & Silva, T. S. F. (2017). Land surface phenology in the tropics: The role of climate and topography in a snow-free mountain. Ecosystems, 20(8), 1436–1453. https://doi.org./10.1007/s10021-017-0123-2
Stucky, B. J., Guralnick, R., Deck, J., Denny, E. G., Bolmgren, K., & Walls, R. (2018). The plant phenology ontology: A new informatics resource for large-scale integration of plant phenology data. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 517. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00517
Sudrajat, D. J., & Suita, E. (2009). Penentuan metode pengujian kadar air dan percambahan benih sawo kecik. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, 3(2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2009.3.2.63-72
Sukamto, L. A. (2000, November 12–13). Kultur biji kupas and tanpa kupas kawista secara in vitro [Paper presentation]. Seminar Nasional III, Pengembangan Wilayah Lahan Kering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung.
Turner, D. W., Fortescue, J. A., & Thomas, D. S. (2007). Environmental physiology of the bananas (Musa spp.). Brazilian. Journal of Plant Physiology, 19(4), 463–484. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202007000400013
Verheij, E. W. M., & Coronel R. E.. (1991). Plant resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA): Edible fruits and tuts. Wageningen: PROSEA Publisher.
Webb, L. B., Whetton, P. H., & Barlow, E. W. R. (2007). Modelled impact of future climate change on the phenology of winegrapes in Australia. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 13(3), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2007.tb00247.x
Wich, S. A., & van Schaik, C. P. (2000) The impact of El Niño on mast fruiting in Sumatra and elsewhere in Malesia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 16, 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400001577
Wolfe, D. W., Schwartz, M. D., Lakso, A. N., Otsuki, Y., Pool, R. M., & Shaulis, N. J. (2005). Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. International Journal of Biometeorology, 49(5), 303–309. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00484-004-0248-9
Wycherley, P. R. (1973). The phenology of plants in the humid tropics. Micronesica, 9(1), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.002033
Zhou, L., Tian, Y., Myneni, R. B., Ciais, P., Saatchi, S., Liu, Y. Y., ..., & Hwang, T. (2014). Widespread decline of Congo rainforest greenness in the past decade. Nature, 509(7498), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13265
Zuriyati, Y., & Dahono. (2016). Keragaman sumber daya genetik tanaman buah-buahan eksotik di Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 22(1), 11–20.
Authors
DarmayantiA. S., Ariffin, WaluyoB., & ArisoesilaningsihE. (2023). Study on the Phenology of Three Fruit Trees Species in Purwodadi Botanical Gardens, East Java, and Its Relationship with Mesoclimates. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 29(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.29.1.88
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