Propagation of Bajakah and Akar Kuning to Support Bioprospecting of Traditional Medicine from Peat Swamp Forests: Prospect and Challenges
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Issue
Vol. 28 No. 2 (2022)
Accepted
24 March 2022
Published
2 August 2022
Keywords:
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Fibraurea tinctoria, Uncaria acida, Salacia sp., stem cutting, Kalimantan
Abstract
Bajakah and akar kuning are known as traditional medicine from peatlands, which are usually extracted from their natural habitats. Over extraction and illegal cutting have become a threat to the extinction of both species. Therefore, propagation and cultivation of those medicinal plants are necessary to be conducted outside forest areas to meet the demand of raw materials of traditional medicine and minimize the risk of species extinction. The experiment of stem cutting propagation of two bajakah species (Uncaria acida and Salacia sp.) and akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria) were conducted separately in two different nurseries. The results showed that stem cuttings of woody liana could produce more than one new shoot. The new shoots of U. acida and Salacia sp. grew after eight weeks, with a survival rate of 96% and 50%, respectively. The survival rate of F. tinctoria stem cutting after six weeks was 83.3%. These indicate that bajakah and akar kuning can be propagated and cultivated to support the bioprospecting of traditional medicinal plants. Despite some challenges, such as limitation of akar kuning and bajakah population at the pole stage in their habitats, it is an initial step of a long process of bajakah and akar kuning bioprospecting.
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Yurstia, R. (2017). Pemasaran gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) di Kenagarian Manggilang Kecamatan Koto Baru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Jurnal Pertanian Faperta UMSB, 1, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v1i8.58
Beyl, C. A., & Trigiano, R. N. (2008). Introduction to plant propagation. In C. A. Beyl, & R. N. Trigiano (Eds.), Plant propagation: Concepts and laboratory exercises (pp. 3–11). Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group.
Dwiartama, A., Purnamahati, R. R., & Pramudya, A. D. (2020). Policy brief: Arah pengembangan bioprospecting di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia. https://www.kehati.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Policy-Brief-Arah-Pengembangan-Bioprospecting-di-Indonesia.pdf
Hartmann, H. T., Kester, D. E., Davies, F. T., & Geneve, R. L. (2002). Hartman and Kester’s plant propagation: Principles and practices. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Heyne, K. (1987). Tumbuhan berguna Indonesia jilid II-III. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan.
Hidayat, & Supartoko, B. (2017). Agribisnis tanaman obat dan penerapan good agricultural practice di PT. Sido Muncul. Prosiding Seminar Nasional 2017: Pertanian dan tanaman herbal berkelanjutan di Indonesia (pp. 22–29). Tanggerang: Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta.
Hunt, R. (1990) Absolute growth rates. In R. Hunt (Ed.), Basic growth analysis (pp. 17–24). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9117-6_2
Jamsari, Yaswendri, & Kamis, M. (2007). Fenologi perkembangan bunga dan buah Uncaria gambir. Biodiversitas, 6, 141–146.
Jan, R., Asaf, S., Numan, M., Lubna, & Kim, K. M. (2021). Plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy, 11, 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050968
Kalima, T. (2021). Potensi akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) di hutan rawa gambut, Kabupaten Kapuas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 18, 13–34. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2021.18.1.13-34
Keller, R. (1996). Identification of tropical woody plants in the absence of flowers and fruits: A field guide. Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag, Springer Basel AG.
Kementerian Pertanian. (2012a). Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 57/2021 tentang Pedoman Budidaya Tanaman Obat yang Baik. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian.
Kementerian Pertanian. (2012b). Budidaya tanaman gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian.
Kolina, J., Sumiwi, S. A., Levita, J. (2018). Mode ikatan metabolit sekunder di tanaman akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava L.) dengan nitrat oksida sintase. Fitofarmaka, 8, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v8i1.1171
Libby, W. J. (1973). The use of vegetative propagules in forest genetics and tree improvement. New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, 4, 440–447. https://scion-web.squiz.cloud/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/58701/NZJFS421974LIBBY440_447.pdf
Maulina, S., Pratiwi, D. R., & Erwin. (2019). Skrining fitokimia dan bioaktivitas ekstrak akar Uncaria nervosa Elmer (bajakah). Jurnal Atomik, 4, 100–102.
Morrogh-Bernard, H. C. (2009). Orang-utan behavioural ecology in the Sebangau peat swamp forest, Borneo [dissertation]. University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.borneonaturefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Helen-C.-Morrogh-Bernard-2009-Orang-utan-Behavioural-Ecology-in-the-Sabangau-Peat-Swamp-Forest-Borneo-PhD.pdf
National Medicinal Plants Board. (2009). Good agricultural practices for medicinal plants. India: National Medicinal Plant Board Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
Noorcahyati. (2012). Tumbuhan berkhasiat obat etnis asli Kalimantan. Samboja: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam.
Noorcahyati. (2017). Kajian biogeografi, kadar berberin dan perbanyakan akar kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) di daerah Kalimantan [thesis]. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Noorcahyati, Sulanjari, & Dewi, W. S. (2016). Asosiasi akar kuning (Fibraurea ticntoria Lour.) dengan tumbuhan berpotensi obat di Samboja, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 4, 232–239.
Paarakh, P. M., Patil, L. J., & Thanga, S. (2008) Genus Salacia: A comprehensive review. Journal of Natural Remedies, 8, 116–131. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2008/340
Paramita, P. P., & Tata, H. L. (2021). Phytochemical compounds identification of three bajakah species (Salacia sp., Uncaria acida and Uncaria gambir). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 762, 012043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/762/1/012043
Rachman, E., & Rohandi, A. (2012). Keberhasilan stek pucuk ganitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb) pada aplikasi antara media tanam dan hormon tumbuh. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 9, 219–c25. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2012.9.4.219-225
Rinaldi, S. E., Suryanto, & Widuri, S. A. (2017). Informasi perdagangan akar kuning di pasar tradisional Martapura dan pasar tradisional Rantau, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 1, 434–439. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v1i8.58
Setyayudi, A. (2018). Keberhasilan stek pucuk tanaman Gyrinops verstegii melalui pemilihan media akar dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Faloak, 2, 127–138. http://balitbangtek-hhbk.org/2019/07/unggah/file-publikasi/4237-19735-1-PB_(2).pdf
Siregar, I. Z., Yunanto, T., & Pamungkas, P. (2008). Genetic consequences of plant propagation methods in Indonesia selective cutting and planting system: A case study in Shorea johorensis Foxw. In Anonymous (Ed.), Feasibility of silviculture for complex stand structures: Designing stand structures for sustainability and multiple objectives (pp. 134–137). 6th Workshop of “Uneven-aged silviculture”. IUFRO, Shizuoka, Japan.
Tata, H. L., & Sopha, H. (2020, Maret 9) Bajakah, benarkah berpotensi obati kanker? Kabar Alam. https://kabaralam.com/tapak/bajakah-benarkah-berpotensi-obati-kanker
Tushar, K. V., George, S., Remashree, A. B., & Balachandran, A. (2008). Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. A review on this rare, critically endangered and highly traded medicinal species. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 133–145. https://doi.org/10.3923/jps.2008.133.145
Turner, I. M. (2018). A revised conspectus of Uncaria (Rubiaceae). Webbia: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography, 73, 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2018.1445363
[WHO] World Health Organization. (2003). WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Yang, L., Wen, K. S., Ruan, X., Zhao, Y. X., Wei, F., & Wang, Q. (2018). Response of plant secondary metabolites to environmental factors. Molecules, 23, 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040762
Yurstia, R. (2017). Pemasaran gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) di Kenagarian Manggilang Kecamatan Koto Baru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Jurnal Pertanian Faperta UMSB, 1, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v1i8.58
Authors
TataH. L., Asih WiduriS., Noorcahyati, PuspantiA., Swasta SitepuB., & Mawazin. (2022). Propagation of Bajakah and Akar Kuning to Support Bioprospecting of Traditional Medicine from Peat Swamp Forests: Prospect and Challenges. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 28(2), 112. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.2.112
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