Complexity of Unsolved Forest Tenurial Conflict: A Case of Way Terusan Forest Management Unit, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Accepted
11 October 2021
Published
17 January 2022
Keywords:
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encroachment, , unsolved tenurial conflict, forestry partnership, local community
Abstract
Effective forest management is challenging to achieve when there is uncertainty about who controls forest areas. Land tenure issues can arise from local communities, immigrants, the private sector, or the government. Overlapping rights in forest areas are very likely to occur due to the licensing system's lack of integration and the inaccuracy with which the problem of forest land use claims. The Forest area of Register 47 is the case where the forest tenurial conflict resolution is theoretical and takes into account the existence of forest communities and conflict resolution programs that have been implemented by the Forest Management Unit (FMU). This study employed case study approach carried out with an in-depth study in the historical study about the conflicts and juridical review in Way Terusan FMU, Lampung Province. The collected data was then validated by triangulating scheme by the observation and documentation. The findings show that in terms of legal, FMU is the legal authority in forest area organizations, especially after regional regulation since 2019. However, the encroachment began in the 1990s when about 900 households were relocated to the area without the Forestry Ministry accord. Various legalization permits were submitted to the central government, but they were not deemed as a viable option. Since the regional regulation of forest area law's introduction in 2019, the FMU has been the primary actor in forest management. In order to resolve all conflicts, the FMU might apply for some effective forestry partnership cooperation programs.
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Purnomo, E. P. & Anand P. B. (2014). The conflict of forest tenure and the emergence of community based forest management in Indonesia. Journal of Gouverment and Politics, 5(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2014.0003
Sahide, M. A. K., Micah, R. F., Maryudi, A., Dhiaulhaq, A., Wulandari, C., Kim, Y. S., & Giessen, L. (2018). Deadlock opportunism in contesting conservation areas in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 17, 412–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol. 2018.05.020
Saipurrozi, M., Febryano, I. G., & Kaskoyo, H. (2018). Uji coba program kemitraan kehutanan di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Unit XIV Gedong Wani, Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 6(1), 35–42.
Schürmann, A., Kleemann, J., Fürst, C., & Teucher, M. (2020). Assessing the relationship between land tenure issues and land cover changes around the Arabuko Sokoke Forest in Kenya. Land Use Policy, 95, 104625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104625
Senoaji, G., Hidayat, M. F., & Iskandar. (2019). Resolusi konflik tenurial pemanfaatan kawasan hutan di hutan lindung Rimbo Donok Kabupaten Kepahiyang. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 26(1), 28–35 https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.29250
Setiawan, R., Febryano, I. G., & Bintoro, A. (2018). Partisipasi masyarakat pada pengembangan agroforestri dalam program kemitraan di KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 6(3), 56–63. http://doi.org/10.23960/jsl3656-63
Simmons, B. A., Marcos-Martinez, R., Law, E. A., Bryan, B. A., & Wilson, K. A. (2018). Frequent policy uncertainty can negate the benefits of forest conservation policy. Environmental Science & Policy, 89, 401–411.
Stickler, M. M., Huntington, H., Haflett, A., Petrova, S. & Bouvier, I. (2017). Does de facto forest tenure affect forest condition? Community perceptions from Zambia. Forest Policy and Economics, 85, 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.08.014
Sugiono. (2012). Understanding of qualitative research. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Syaifullah, Z. A., & Sarjono. (2012). Laporan asesmen dan analisa tenurial untuk mendukung fungsionalisasi KPHP Register 47 Way Terusan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Propinsi Lampung. Jakarta: WG Tenure, Kemitraan, ICCO Kementerian Kehutanan.
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Wandira, A., Kaskoyo, H., Febryano, I.G. & Yuwono,S.B. (2020). Implementasi kemitraan kehutanan di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Way Terusan. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 8(3), 244–250.
Wario, R. A., Ton, D., Karen, W., & Fred, Z. (2012). Climate change, violent conflict and local institutions in Kenya's drylands. Journal of Peace Research, 49(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427344
Wilson, V. (2014). Research methods: Triangulation. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 9(1), 7475. https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WW3X
Working Group Tenure. (2012). Resolusi konflik di FMU (Pembelajaran dari FMU Register 47 dan Rinjani Barat). Jakarta: WG Tenure, Kemitraan and Ministry of Forestry.
Wulandari, C., Budiono, P., & Nurrochmat, D. R. (2016). Kesiapan daerah dalam implementasikan program perhutanan sosial pasca terbitnya UU 23/2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan, 3(2), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.20957/jkebijakan.v3i2.15512
Wulandari, C. & Kurniasih, H. (2019) Community preferences for social forestry facilitation programming in Lampung, Indonesia. Journal of Forestry and Society, 3(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i1.6026
Wulandari, C., Landicho, L. M., Cabahug, R. E. D., Baliton, R. S., Banuwa, I. S., Herwanti, S, & Budiono, P. (2019). Food security status in agroforestry landscapes of Way Betung Watershed, Indonesia and Molawin Dampalit Subwatershed, Philippines. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 25(3), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.25.3.164
Tashakkori, A., Johnson, B., & Teddlie, C. (2021). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Yin, R. K. 2014. Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
Yiwen, Z., Kant, S., Dong, J. & Liu, J. (2020). How communities restructured forest tenure throughout the top-down devolution reform: Using the case of Fujian, China. Forest Policy and Economics, 119, 102272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102272
Zaini, Z. D. (2011). Implementasi pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan normatif sosiologis dalam penelitian ilmu hukum. Pranata Hukum, 6 (2), 117–132.
Elva, Kaskoyo, H., Febryano, I. G., & Yuwono, S. B. (2017). Kajian kelembagaan gabungan kelompok tani dalam program kemitraan di KPHP Way Terusan. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 5(1), 1–7.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. (2019). Assessing the governance of tenure for improving forests and livelihoods–A tool to support the implementation of the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure. Forestry Working Paper No. 13.
Galudra, G., Sirait, M., Pasya, G., Fay, C., Suyanto, Van Noordwijk, M., Mvan., & Pradhan, U. (2010). RaTA: A rapid land tenure assessment manual for identifying the nature of land tenure conflicts. Bogor: World Agroforestry Centre.
Galudra, G., Van Noordwijk. M., Agung, P., Suyanto, S., & Pradhan, U. (2014). Migrants, land markets and carbon emissions in Jambi, Indonesia: Land tenure change and the prospect of emission reduction. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19(6), 715–731.
Galudra, G., Pradhan, U. P., & Sirait, M. T. (2020). Rapid land tenure assessment (RaTA): Understanding land tenure conflicts. World, 7.
Gamin, Nugroho, B., Kartodihardjo, H., Kolopaking, L. M., & Boer, R. (2014). Menyelesaikan konflik penguasaan kawasan hutan melalui pendekatan gaya sengketa para pihak di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lakitan. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 11(1), 71–90.
Gebara, M. M. (2018). Tenure reforms in indigenous lands: decentralized forest management or illegalism? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 32, 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.04.008
Handoko, C. (2014). Some problems in maintaining sustainability of Indonesia's forests: Descriptive study. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 1(1), 3346.
Huan, L. J. & Yazdanifard, R. (2012). The difference of conflict management styles and conflict resolution in workplace. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1), 141–155.
Jenke, M., & Pretzsch, J. (2021). The impact of community forest formalisation on tenure security and co-management in Thailand. The International Forestry Review, 23(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821832140321
Jun, H., Cao, Y., Erbaugh, J. T., Widagdo, F. R. A., Mauri, J., Supriyanto, & Milantara, N. (2020). Three generations of forest peoples’ empowerment in Indonesia: Process towards sustainable and equitable forest management. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 26(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.2.91
Ifrani, Abby, F. A., Barkatullah, A. H., Nurhayati, Y., & Said M. Y. (2019). Forest management based on local culture of Dayak Kotabaru in the perspective of customary law for a sustainable future and prosperity of the local community. MDPI, 8(2), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8020078
Katila, P., McDermott, C., Larson, A., Aggarwal, S., & Giessen, L. (2020). Forest tenure and the sustainable development goals–A critical view. Forest Policy and Economics, 120, 102294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102294
Kim, Y.-S., Bae, J. S., Fisher, L. A., Latifah, S., Afifi, M., Lee, S. M., & Kim, I.-A. (2016). Indonesia's forest management units: Effective intermediaries in REDD+ implementation? Forest Policy and Economics, 62, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.09.004
Larson, A. M. (2013). Hak tenurial dan akses ke hutan: Manual pelatihan untuk penelitian. Bogor: CIFOR. Retrieved from https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BLarson1302.pdf
McLain, R., Lawry, S., Guariguata, M. R., & Reed, J. (2021). Toward a tenure-responsive approach to forest landscape restoration: A proposed tenure diagnostic for assessing restoration opportunities. Land Use Policy, 104, 103748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.053
Massiri, S. D., Malik, A., Golar, G., Hamzari, H., & Nugroho, B. (2020). Institutional capacity of forest management unit in promoting sustainable community-based forest management. Case study of forest management unit in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 26(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.2.169
[MoEF] Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2021). Jumlah penanganan pengaduan. Retrieved from: http://pskl.menlhk.go.id/pktha/pengaduan/frontend/web/index.php?r=site%2Fjumlah-penanganan-pengaduan
Pasya, G., & Sirait, M. T. (2011). Analisa gaya bersengketa-AGATA. Panduan ringkas untuk membantu memilih bentuk penyelesaian sengketa pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Bogor: Samdhana Institute.
Purnomo, E. P. & Anand P. B. (2014). The conflict of forest tenure and the emergence of community based forest management in Indonesia. Journal of Gouverment and Politics, 5(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2014.0003
Sahide, M. A. K., Micah, R. F., Maryudi, A., Dhiaulhaq, A., Wulandari, C., Kim, Y. S., & Giessen, L. (2018). Deadlock opportunism in contesting conservation areas in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 17, 412–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol. 2018.05.020
Saipurrozi, M., Febryano, I. G., & Kaskoyo, H. (2018). Uji coba program kemitraan kehutanan di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Unit XIV Gedong Wani, Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 6(1), 35–42.
Schürmann, A., Kleemann, J., Fürst, C., & Teucher, M. (2020). Assessing the relationship between land tenure issues and land cover changes around the Arabuko Sokoke Forest in Kenya. Land Use Policy, 95, 104625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104625
Senoaji, G., Hidayat, M. F., & Iskandar. (2019). Resolusi konflik tenurial pemanfaatan kawasan hutan di hutan lindung Rimbo Donok Kabupaten Kepahiyang. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 26(1), 28–35 https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.29250
Setiawan, R., Febryano, I. G., & Bintoro, A. (2018). Partisipasi masyarakat pada pengembangan agroforestri dalam program kemitraan di KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 6(3), 56–63. http://doi.org/10.23960/jsl3656-63
Simmons, B. A., Marcos-Martinez, R., Law, E. A., Bryan, B. A., & Wilson, K. A. (2018). Frequent policy uncertainty can negate the benefits of forest conservation policy. Environmental Science & Policy, 89, 401–411.
Stickler, M. M., Huntington, H., Haflett, A., Petrova, S. & Bouvier, I. (2017). Does de facto forest tenure affect forest condition? Community perceptions from Zambia. Forest Policy and Economics, 85, 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.08.014
Sugiono. (2012). Understanding of qualitative research. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Syaifullah, Z. A., & Sarjono. (2012). Laporan asesmen dan analisa tenurial untuk mendukung fungsionalisasi KPHP Register 47 Way Terusan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Propinsi Lampung. Jakarta: WG Tenure, Kemitraan, ICCO Kementerian Kehutanan.
Sylviani, S., & Hakim, I. (2014). Analisis tenurial dalam pengembangan kesatuan pengelolaan hutan (KPH): Studi kasus KPH Gedong Wani, Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan, 11(4), 309–322.
Tjoa, M., Suharjito, D., Kartodiharjo, H. & Soetarto, E. (2018). Hak penguasaan lahan hutan pada masyarakat adat di Desa Honitetu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Maluku. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 6(3), 91102. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl3691-102
van Aken, J. E. (2004). Management research based on the paradigm of the design sciences: The quest for field‐tested and grounded technological rules. Journal of Management Studies, 41(2), 219–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00430.x
Wandira, A., Kaskoyo, H., Febryano, I.G. & Yuwono,S.B. (2020). Implementasi kemitraan kehutanan di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Way Terusan. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 8(3), 244–250.
Wario, R. A., Ton, D., Karen, W., & Fred, Z. (2012). Climate change, violent conflict and local institutions in Kenya's drylands. Journal of Peace Research, 49(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427344
Wilson, V. (2014). Research methods: Triangulation. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 9(1), 7475. https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WW3X
Working Group Tenure. (2012). Resolusi konflik di FMU (Pembelajaran dari FMU Register 47 dan Rinjani Barat). Jakarta: WG Tenure, Kemitraan and Ministry of Forestry.
Wulandari, C., Budiono, P., & Nurrochmat, D. R. (2016). Kesiapan daerah dalam implementasikan program perhutanan sosial pasca terbitnya UU 23/2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan, 3(2), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.20957/jkebijakan.v3i2.15512
Wulandari, C. & Kurniasih, H. (2019) Community preferences for social forestry facilitation programming in Lampung, Indonesia. Journal of Forestry and Society, 3(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i1.6026
Wulandari, C., Landicho, L. M., Cabahug, R. E. D., Baliton, R. S., Banuwa, I. S., Herwanti, S, & Budiono, P. (2019). Food security status in agroforestry landscapes of Way Betung Watershed, Indonesia and Molawin Dampalit Subwatershed, Philippines. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 25(3), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.25.3.164
Tashakkori, A., Johnson, B., & Teddlie, C. (2021). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Yin, R. K. 2014. Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
Yiwen, Z., Kant, S., Dong, J. & Liu, J. (2020). How communities restructured forest tenure throughout the top-down devolution reform: Using the case of Fujian, China. Forest Policy and Economics, 119, 102272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102272
Zaini, Z. D. (2011). Implementasi pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan normatif sosiologis dalam penelitian ilmu hukum. Pranata Hukum, 6 (2), 117–132.
Authors
WulandariC., Yulia Rahma Fitriana, FebryanoI. G., Susni Herwanti, KaskoyoH., & Hendika Jaya Putra. (2022). Complexity of Unsolved Forest Tenurial Conflict: A Case of Way Terusan Forest Management Unit, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 27, 21. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.27.te.21
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