Impacts of Clear Cutting on Diversity of Ground Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pine Plantation Forest in Sukabumi Forest Management Unit, West Java
Abstract
Clear cutting is the main source of timber production of plantation forest management in Indonesia, but this activity disrupts the lives of ground ants. It is rarely known how clear cutting affects the ground ant community in the Indonesian plantation forest. The study aimed to analyze the impacts of clear cutting on the diversity of ground ants in the pine plantation forest of Sukabumi, West Java. The study compared the community structure of ground ants before clear cutting and after clear cutting. Ground ants were collected using a pitfall trap. Trapping of ground ants was carried out six days before the clear cutting and six days after the clear cutting. The ground ants were identified to the morphospecies level and classified into their functional role. The results showed that clear cutting alters the community indices of ground ants. Abundance, morphospecies composition, diversity index, richness index, and evenness index of ground ants after clear cutting was lower compared with those before clear cutting. The clear-felled area due to clear cutting provided favorable habitat for the generalist groups of ground ants, but negatively affected the predator and forager groups of ground ants. These findings can be used as an important factor in the development of environmenllyt-friendly forest harvesting systems in Indonesian plantation forests.
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[MEF] Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2019). Statistics of Directorate General of Sustainable Production Forest Management. Jakarta.
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Wibowo, C., & Slamet, S. A. (2017). Keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah pada berbagai tipe tegakan di areal bekas tambang silika di Holcim Educational Forest, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 8(1), 26–34.
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Żmihorski, M. (2010). Distribution of red wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the clear-cut areas of a managed forest in Western Poland. Journal of Forestry Research, 15, 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-009-0161-5
[AIFCH] Association of Indonesia Forest Concession Holders. (2019). Road map of production forest development year 2019–2045. Jakarta.
Andersen, A. N. (2000). Global ecology of rainforest ants: Functional groups in relation to environmental stress and disturbance. In D. Agosti, J. D. Majer, L. E. Alonso, & T. R. Schultz (Eds.), Ants: Standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity (pp. 18). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Andersen, A. N., Hoffmann, B. D., Müller, W. J., & Griffiths, A. D. (2002). Using ants as bioindicators in land management: Simplifying assessment of ant community responses. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39(1), 8–17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/827215
Andersson, J., Hjältén, J., & Dynesius, M. (2012). Long-term effects of stump harvesting and landscape composition on beetle assemblages in the hemiboreal forest of Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management, 271, 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.030
Andini, S., Budiaman, A., & Muhdin. (2017). Development of line intersects method for logging residue assessment of teak. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 23(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.23.2.51
Bolton, B. (1994). Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Borror, D. J., Triplehorm, C. A., & Jhonson, N. F. (1996). An introduction to the study of insects. New York: Hartcourt Brace College Publisher.
Brockerhoff, E. G., Jactel, H., Oarrota, J. A., Ferraz, S. F. B. (2013). Role of eucalypt and other planted forests in biodiversity conservation and the provision of biodiversity-related ecosystem services. Forest Ecology and Management, 301, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.018
Budiaman, A., Muhtariana, D., & Irmawati, N. Y. (2014). Kayu sisa penjarangan dan tebang habis hutan tanaman jati. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 2(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.20527/jht.v2i1.1707
[CBS] Central Bureau of Statistic. (2013). Statistics of Indonesia 2018. Jakarta.
Česonienė, L., Daubaras, R., Kaškonas, P., Kaškonienė, V., Maruška, A. S., Tiso, N., & Zych, M. (2018). Initial impact of clear-cut logging on dynamics of understory vascular plants and pollinators in Scots pine-dominated forests in Lithuania. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42, 433–443. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1804-71
Eyre, T. J., Ferguson, D. J., Kennedy, M., Rowland, J., & Maron, M. (2015). Long term thining and logging in Australian cypress pine forest: change in habitat attributes and response of fauna. Biological Conservation, 186, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.009
Garcıa-Tejero, S., Spence, J. R., O'Halloran, J., Bourassa, S., & Oxbrough, A. (2018). Natural succession and clearcutting as drivers of environmental heterogeneity and beta diversity in North American boreal forests. PLOS ONE, 13, e0206931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.02069316x
Garcia-Martinez, M. A., Martinez-Tlapa, D. L., Perez-Toledo, G. R., Quiroz-Robledo, L. N., Castano-Meneses, G., Laborde, J., & Valenzuela-Gonzalez, J. E. (2015). Taxonomic, species and functional group diversity of ants in a tropical anthropogenic landscape. Tropical Conservation Science, 8, 1017–1032. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F194008291500800412
Graham, J. H., Hughie, H. H., Jones, S., Wrinn, K., Krzysik, A. J., Duda, J, …, & Balbach, H. (2004). Habitat disturbance and the diversity and abundance of ants (Formicidae) in the Southeastern Fall-Line Sandhills. Journal of Insects Science, 4, 30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/4.1.30
Haneda, N. F., & Marfuah, N. T. (2013). Diversity of soil arthropods in teak forest plantation at Cepu, Blora, Central Java. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 19, 169–177. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.19.3.169
Haneda, N. F., & Yuniar, N. (2020). Peranan semut di ekosistem transformasi hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 14, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik/57459
Johansson, T., & Gibb, H. (2012). Forestry alters foraging efficiency and crop contents of aphid-tending red wood ants. Formica aqui lonia. PLOS ONE, 7, e32817. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032817
Johansson, T., Hjältén, J., Olsson, J., Dynesius, M., & Roberge, J-M. (2016). Long-term effects of clear cutting on epigaic beetle assemblages in boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 359, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.041
Jokela, J., Siitonen, J., & Koivula, M. (2019). Short-term effects of selection, gap, patch and clear cutting on the beetle fauna in boreal spruce dominated forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 446, 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j/foreco.2019.05.027
Khaliq, A., Javed, M., Sohail, M., & Sagheer, M. (2014). Environmental effects on insects and their population dynamics. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2, 1–7.
King, J. R., Andersen, A. N., & Cutter, A. D. (1998). Ants as bioindicators of habitat disturbance: Validation of the functional group model for Australia's humid tropics. Biodiversity & Conservation 7, 1627–1638.
Lessard, J-P. (2019). Ant community response to disturbance: a global synthesis. Journal of Animal Ecology, 88, 346–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12958
Matangaran, J. R., & Suwarna, U. (2012). Soil compaction caused by two types of forwarder in forest harvesting. Journal of Life Sciences and Physic, 14, 115–124.
[MEF] Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2019). Statistics of Directorate General of Sustainable Production Forest Management. Jakarta.
Paillet, Y., Berges, L., Hjalten, J., Odor, P., Avon, C., Benhardt-Romermann, M., …, & Virtanen, R. (2010). Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: Meta-analysis of species richness in Europe. Conservation Biology, 24, 101–112. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01359.x
Perum Perhutani. (2006). Statistics of Perum Perhutani 2001–2005. Jakarta: Perum Perhutani.
Ribas, C. R., Campos, R. B. F., Schmidt, F. A., & Solar, R. R. (2012). Ants as indicators in Brazil: A review with suggestions to improve the use of ants in environmental monitoring programs. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2012, 636749. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/636749
Stenbacka, F., Hjalten, J., Hilszczanski, J., & Dynesius, M. (2010). Saproxylic and non-saproxylic beetle assemblages in boreal spruce forests of different age and forestry intensity. Ecology Application, 20, 2310–2321. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0815.1
Supangat, A. B., Sudira, P., Supriyo, H., & Poedjiraharjoe, E. (2016). Pengaruh penebangan hutan tanaman Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell terhadap peningkatan aliran sungai dan sedimen. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 13(2), 113–122.
Tausan, I., Dauber, J., Trica, M. R., & Marko, B. (2017). Succession in ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in deciduous forest clear-cuts – an Eastern European case study. European Journal of Entomology, 114, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2017.013
Tiede, Y., Schlautmann, J., Donoso, D. A., Walkis, C.I.B., Bendix, J., Brandl, R., & Farwig, N. (2017). Ants as indicators of environmental change and ecosystem process. Ecological Indicators, 83, 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.029
Warman, R. (2014). Global wood production from natural forest has peaked. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23, 1063–1078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0633-6
Wibowo, C., & Slamet, S. A. (2017). Keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah pada berbagai tipe tegakan di areal bekas tambang silika di Holcim Educational Forest, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 8(1), 26–34.
Widhiono, I., Pandhani, R. D., Darsono, Riwidiharso, E., Santoso, S., & Prayoga, L. (2017). Ant (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) diversity as bioindicator of agroecosystem health in northern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18, 1475–1480. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180424
Woodcock, P., Edward, D. P., Newton, R. J., Khen, C. V., Bottreli, S. H., & Hamer, K. C. (2013). Impacts of intensive logging on the trophic organisation of ant communities in a biodiversity hotspot. PLOS ONE, 8, e60756. https://doi.org/10.137/journal.pone.0060756.
Żmihorski, M. (2010). Distribution of red wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the clear-cut areas of a managed forest in Western Poland. Journal of Forestry Research, 15, 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-009-0161-5
Authors
BudiamanA., HanedaN. F., nugrahaA. I., & HaikalF. (2021). Impacts of Clear Cutting on Diversity of Ground Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pine Plantation Forest in Sukabumi Forest Management Unit, West Java. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 27(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.27.1.42
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