Abstract
Traditional agriculture has a relationship with the culture of the local community that is the norms agreed upon by the ancestors related to the use of natural resources to meet the needs of daily life. This article aims to describe the traditional agricultural process of the Wamena people in Jayapura, Indonesia. The perspective used in analyzing traditional agricultural processes was the perspective of sustainable livelihoods of traditional communities in a development context. This research was done in a descriptive-qualitative manner by using primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from in-depth interviews. Meanwhile, the secondary data was obtained from observations and document studies. The results indicate that the traditional agricultural process of the Wamena Tribe in Jayapura was able to maintain the livelihoods of traditional communities based on the principles of sustainable development. This could be seen from several stages, such as access to land resources, land ownership, agrarian social relations, and gender issues in the division of traditional agricultural work of the Wamena people in Jayapura. This shows that the local wisdom in the cultural norms of the Wamena people could be used in environmentally friendly agricultural activities that did not have a conflict with the perspective of sustainable development.
References
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Aras, T. S. (2017). Kosakata sistem pertanian tradisional Sunda: Kajian struktur dan makna. Ranah, 6(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v6i1.294
Arsanti, T. A. (2013). Perempuan dan pembangunan sektor pertanian. Jurnal Maksipreneur, 3(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v3i1.88
Belda, F., & Christanto, J. (2012). Strategi penghidupan nelayan dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat di Kecamatan Sasak Ranah Pasisie dan Sungai Beremas. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 1(1), 18. Retrieved form http://lib.geo.ugm.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jbi/article/view/44
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Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1991). Sustainable rural livelihood: Practical concepts for 21st century. Brighton: IDS Working Paper 296.
Darmastuti, A., & Wijaya, A. (2018). Gender power relations in development planning for forest and watershed management in Lampung, Indonesia. Gender, Technology and Development, 22(3), 266283. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2018.1545742
Dharmawan, A. H. (2007). Sistem penghidupan dan nafkah pedesaan: Pandangan sosiologi nafkah (Livelihood sociology) Mazhab Barat dan Mazhab Bogor. Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 1(2), 169–192. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v1i2.5932
Ellis, F. (1999). Rural livelihood diversity in developing countries: Evidence and policy implications. Natural Resources Perspectives: Overseas Development Institute. Retrieved from https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/4486/40-rural-livelihood-diversity.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Fadjar, U., Sitorus, M. T. F., Dharmawan, A. H., & Tjondronegoro, S. M. P. (2008). Transformasi sistem produksi pertanian dan struktur agraria serta implikasinya terhadap diferensiasi sosial dalam komunitas petani (Studi kasus pada empat komunitas petani kakao di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah dan Nangroe Aceh Darussalam). Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 25(2), 209–233. https://doi.org/10.21082/jae.v26n2.2008.209-233
Febriharjati, S., & Setyono, J. S. (2015). Keberlanjutan penghidupan petani kopi Desa Tlahab, Kecamatan Kledung, Kabupaten Temanggung. Jurnal Teknik PWK, 4(4), 605–621. Retrieved from https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/pwk/article/view/9828/9747
Handayani, S. M. (2016). Agrowisata berbasis usahatani padi sawah tradisional sebagai edukasi pertanian (Studi kasus Desa Wisata Pentingsari). Habitat, 27(3), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2016.027.3.15
Hidayat, N. K., Glasbergen, P., & Offermans, A. (2015). Sustainability certification and palm oil smallholders' livelihood: A comparison between scheme smallholders and independent smallholders in Indonesia. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 18(3), 26–48. Retrieved from https://www.ifama.org/resources/Documents/v18i3/Hidayat-Glasbergen-Offermans.pdf
Hutajulu, J. P. (2015). Analisis peran perempuan dalam pertanian di Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kuburaya. Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture, 4(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v4i1.10135
Indarti, S., Luthfi, A., & Kismini, E. (2016). Transformasi pertanian dan diferensiasi sosial ekonomi petani di Desa Kunir Kecamatan Sulang Kabupaten Rembang. Solidarity, 5(1), 110. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/solidarity/article/view/14491
Innah, H. S., Suharjito, D., Dharmawan, A. H., & Darusman, D. (2013). Collective action typologies and reforestation in indigenous community of Biak-Papua. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 19(1), 11–22. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.19.1.11
Keeble, B. R. (2007). The Brundtland report: Our common future. Medicine and War, 4(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408783
Khotimah, K. (2009). Diskriminasi gender terhadap perempuan dalam sektor pekerjaan. Yinyang: Jurnal Studi Islam, Gender dan Anak, 4(1), 158–180. Retrieved from http://www.ejournal.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/index.php/yinyang/article/view/226
Kurniasari, D. A., Cahyono, E. D., & Yuliati, Y. (2018). Kearifan lokal petani tradisional Samin di Desa Klopoduwur, Kecamatan Banjarejo, Kabupaten Blora. Habitat, 29(1), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2018.029.1.4
Mantra, I. B. (1992). Pola dan arah migrasi penduduk antar propinsi di Indonesia Tahun 1990. Jurnal Kependudukan dan Kebijakan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 3(2), 3959. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.11198
Mardiyaningsih, D. I., Dharmawan, A. H., & Tonny, F. (2010). Dinamika sistem penghidupan masyarakat tani tradisional dan modern di Jawa Barat. Sodality: Jurnal Transdisiplin Sosiologi, Komunikasi dan Ekologi Manusia, 4(1), 115–145. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v4i1.5850
Martin, E., Suharjito, D., Darusman, D., Sunito, S., & Winarno, B. (2016). Tunggu Tubang and Ulu Ayek: social mechanism of sustainable protected forest management. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 22(2), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.22.2.85
Muhlis, I. (2009). Eksternalitas, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam perspektif teoretis. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, 14(3), 191–199. Retrieved from http://fe.um.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/imam-mukhlis_2.pdf
Mulyadi, & Iyai, D. A. (2016). Pengaruh nilai budaya lokal terhadap motivasi bertani Suku Arfak di Papua Barat. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya, 5(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.33230/JPS.5.1.2016.3916
Mulyadi, Sugihen, B. G., Asngari, P. S., & Susanto, D. (2009). Kearifan lokal dan hambatan inovasi pertanian Suku Pedalaman Arfak di Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 5(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v5i1.9781
Nopiansyah, F., Basuni, S., Purwanto, Y., & Kosmaryandi, N. (2016). Forest resource utilization by the Siberut Community and it's implications for the Siberut Island biosphere reserve policy. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 22(2), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.22.2.94
Pitana, I. G., & Setiawan, I. G. (2005). Membangun kelembagaan pertanian yang tangguh berdasarkan nilai-nilai tradisional. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 1(1), 69–70. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v1i1.2104
Purnomo, H. (2000). Integrasi pengetahuan tradisional dengan pengetahuan ilmiah untuk pengelolaan hutan lestari. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 6(2), 114. Retrieved from http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jmht/article/view/2702/1683
Redclift, M. (1989). The environmental consequences of Latin America's agricultural development: Some thoughts on The Brundtland commission report. World Development, 17(3), 365–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90210-6
Rivai, R. S., & Anugerah, I. S. (2011). Konsep dan implementasi pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 29(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.21082/fae.v29n1.2011.13-25
Sadono, D. (2008). Pemberdayaan petani: Paradigma baru penyuluhan pertanian di Indonesia. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 4(1), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v4i1.2170
Sagrim, M. (2011). Kelembagaan masyarakat dan struktur agraria serta keberlanjutan sumberdaya alam di Kawasan Capa. Agroket, 2(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30862/agt.v2i3.468
Scoones, I. (2009). Livelihoods perspectives and rural development. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1), 171–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150902820503
Siburian, R. (2018). Akses dan pengelolaan sumber daya hutan pada masyarkaat lokal di Kabupaten Manokwari. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, 20(3), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v20i3.727
Sihaloho, M., Purwandari, H., & Ita, D. (2010). Reforma agraria dan revitalisasi pertanian di Indonesia: Studi kasus pertanian tanaman pangan dan hortikultura di Jawa Barat. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 4(1), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v4i1.5849
Sihaloho, M., Purwandari, H., & Supriyadi, A. (2009). Reforma agraria di bidang pertanian: Studi kasus perubahan struktur agraria dan diferensiasi kesejahteraan komunitas pekebun di Lebak, Banten. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v3i1.5874
Sihaloho, M., Wahyuni, E. S., Kinseng, R. A., & Tjondronegoro, S. M. P. (2016). Perubahan struktur agraria, kemiskinan, dan gerak penduduk: Sebuah tinjauan historis. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 1(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.22500/sodality.v4i1.14406
Singgalen, Y., Sasongko, G., & Wiloso, P. G. (2019). Ritual capital for rural livelihood and sustainable tourism development in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 25(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.25.2.115
Sneddon, C., Howarth, R. B., & Norgaard, R. B. (2006). Sustainable development in a Post-Brundtland World. Ecological Economis, 57(2), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.013
Syahyuti. (2001). Pengaruh politik agraria terhadap perubahan pola penguasaan tanah dan struktur pedesaan di Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 19(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.21082/fae.v19n1.2001.21-32
Turua, U., Hadi, S., Juanda, B., & Murningtyas, E. (2014). Ekologi dan budaya petani asli Papua dalam usahatani di Kabupaten Keerom. Sosiohumaniora, 16(3), 234–241. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v16i3.5762
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Authors
TimiselaM., KameoD. D., RupidaraN. S., & SiahaineniaR. (2020). Traditional Farmers of Wamena Tribes in Jayapura-Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 26(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.1.34
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