The Role of Tourism in Development: A Dilemma Between Economic Growth and Mangrove Forest Degradation (A Case Study of Regencies/Cities in North Maluku Province)
Abstract
The establishment of the Morotai Island Regency as one of the 10 National Tourism Strategic Areas and Special Economic Zones is a central government strategy to accelerate the development of regencies/cities in North Maluku Province, which are still classified as underdeveloped regions in Eastern Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of tourist arrival rate, price, human development index, and tourism promotion policy on economic growth by using regression of panel data of fixed-effect model (FEM) based on the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) VI method in eight regencies/cities in North Maluku Province during the period of 2012–2017. This finding shows that tourism development was closely related to economic growth, both in the short and long term. However, the development of tourism facilities and other supporting tourism facilities on the coast by coastal landfill had sacrificed the growth of coastal mangrove forests. Therefore, the local government is encouraged to issue regional regulations on the implementation of sustainable tourism businesses and educate the local community and visitors to play a role in protecting the environment of tourist destinations sustainable.
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Nunes, P. M., & Sequeira, T. V. (2011). Does tourism influence economic growth? A dynamic panel data approach. Applied Economics, 4, 1–29.
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Radianto, E. (2000). Pendekatan kointegrasi dan ECM terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi investasi swasta di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (E & B), 3(1), 1–12.
Sadeghi, S., Samimi, A. J., & Sadeghi, S. (2011). Tourism and economic growth in developing cuntries: P-VAR approach. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(1), 28–32.
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[WTTC] World Travel and Tourism Council. (2019). World travel and tourism economic impact 2019 - March 2019. All rights reseved. Licensed under the Attribution, Non-Commercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Licence. http://www.wttc.org.
Yuliana, L., & Sitorus, Y. M. (2018). Penerapan regresi data panel pada analisis pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap produktifitas ekonomi provinsi-provinsi di luar Pulau Jawa Tahun 20102014. Media Statistika, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14710/medstat.11.1.1-15
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Zeren, K. S. (2018). Determination of number of arriving tourists and night spent in accommodation relations with economic growth: The case of Turkey. Prizren Social Science Journal, 2(2), 210–224.
Zhang, W. B. (2015). Tourism, trade, externalities, and public goodss in a three-sector growth model. Journal of Economics, 6(1), 1–19.
Anggraeni, G. N. (2017). The relationship between numbers of international tourist arrivals and economic growth in the Asean-8: Panel data approach. Journal of Developing Economies, 2(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.20473/jde. v2i13i3.669
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Kabupaten Pulau Morotai Dalam Angka Tahun 2015. Kabupaten Pulau Morotai: BPS Kabupaten Pulau Morotai.
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Provinsi Maluku Utara Dalam Angka Tahun 2015. Provinsi Maluku Utara: BPS Provinsi Maluku Utara.
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Tabel-Tabel Pokok PDRB Provinsi Maluku Utara Menurut Lapangan Usaha Tahun 2015. Provinsi Maluku Utara: BPS Provinsi Maluku Utara.
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Maluku Utara Tahun 2018. Provinsi Maluku Utara: BPS Provinsi Maluku Utara.
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Kabupaten Pulau Morotai Dalam Angka Tahun 2018. Kabupaten Pulau Morotai: BPS Kabupaten Pulau Morotai.
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Provinsi Maluku Utara Dalam Angka Tahun 2018. Provinsi Maluku Utara: BPS Provinsi Maluku Utara.
[BPS] Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Tabel-tabel pokok PDRB Provinsi Maluku Utara menurut Lapangan Usaha Tahun 2018. Provinsi Maluku Utara: BPS Provinsi Maluku Utara.
Baltagi, B. H. (2003). A companion to theoretical econometrics. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/b.9781405106764.2003.x
Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data (3rd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Baltagi, B. H. (2008). Econometrics (4th ed.). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76516-5
Bashir, A., & Suhel, S. (2018). The role of tourism toward economic growth in the local economy. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.20885/ejem.vol10.iss1.art4
Bogdan, S., Trinajstic, M., & Baresa, S. (2018). Regional economic growth and tourism: A panel data approach. UTMS Journal of Economics, 9(2), 145–155.
Butar-Butar, F., Sunyowati, D., & Hastuti, L. (2015). The regulation of sustainable mangroves and coastal zones management in Indonesia. Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0170.1000220
Dwyer, L., Seetaram N., & Forsyth, P. (2016). Measuring price elasticities of demand for outbound tourism using competitiveness indices. Annals of Tourism Research, 56(1), 65–79. https//doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2015.10.004
Ekananda. M. (2016). Analisis ekonometrika data panel (Edisi ke-2). Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
Erbas, C. Ü., Muslija, A., & Satrovic, E. (2017). Panel analysis of tourism-economic growth nexus. International Journal of Economic Studies, 3(4), 535–545.
Fithor, A., Sutrisno, J., & Indarjo, A. (2018), Mangrove ecosystem management strategy in Maron Beach Semarang. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 23(4), 156–162. https://doi.org/ 10.14710/ik.ijms.23.4.156-162
Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis (7th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Guerrero, J. C., Nasir, M. A., & Wu, J. (2015). Economic growth, exchange rate and constrained competiveness of the tourism sector in Andalucía. International Journal of Management and Economics, 48, 84–100. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0036
Gujarati, D. N. (2003) Basic econometrics (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Hassler, U., Kirchgässner, G., & Wolters, J. (2012) Introduction to modern time series analysis (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of panel data (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Insukindro, & Radianto, E. (1995). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi investasi swasta di daerah Maluku. Berkala
Penelitian Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jilid 8, No. 4A, November.
[MoMF] Ministry of Marine and Fisheries. (2017). Review dan Penyempurnaan Masterplan dan Bisnisplan PSKPT di Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Jakarta: Ministry of Marine and Fisheries.
Leitão, N. C. (2015). Portuguese tourism demand: A dynamic panel data analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(3), 673–677.
Ng, P., & Du, D. (2011). Is tourism a long-run economic growth factor ? Working Paper, The W.A. Franke College of Business. Arizona: Northern Arizona University.
Nunes, P. M., & Sequeira, T. V. (2011). Does tourism influence economic growth? A dynamic panel data approach. Applied Economics, 4, 1–29.
Oh, C. O. (2005). The contribution of tourism development to economic growth in the Korean economy. Tourism Management, 26(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tourman.2003.09.014
Petit, S., & Seetaram, N. (2012). Panel data analysis in tourism research. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, (75086), 1–27.
Pin, N., Du, D., & Lew, A. A. (2016). Tourism and economic growth. Journal of Travel Research, 55(4): 454–464.
Prasad B.C., Narayan P.K., Narayan S., Prasad A., 2010. Tourism and economic growth: a panel data analysis for Pacific Island countries. Tourism Economics, 16 (1), 169 – 183.
Radianto, E. (1995). Spesifikasi dinamis, model investasi jangka panjang: Sebuah studi kasus di Daerah Maluku. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia, BPFE Universitas Gadjah Mada, 10(1), 81– 89.
Radianto, E. (2000). Pendekatan kointegrasi dan ECM terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi investasi swasta di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (E & B), 3(1), 1–12.
Sadeghi, S., Samimi, A. J., & Sadeghi, S. (2011). Tourism and economic growth in developing cuntries: P-VAR approach. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(1), 28–32.
Sadiku, M., Selimi, N., & Sadiku, L. (2017). The impact of tourism on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 10(2), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.102.02
Sequeira, T. N., & Nunes, P. M. (2008). Does tourism influence economic growth? A dynamic panel data approach. Applied Economics, 40(18), 2431–2441. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600949520
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 7 (1), 65–94
Susanti, S. (2013). Pengaruh produk domestik regional bruto, pengangguran dan indeks pembangunan manusia terhadap kemiskinan di Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan analisis data panel. Jurnal Matematika Integratif, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmi.v9. n1.9374.1-18
Susilawati, M., Jacob, Ch. A., & Sumarjaya, I.W. (2014). Analisis model regresi data panel tidak lengkap komponen galat dua arah dengan penduga Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). Jurnal Matematika, 4(1), 22–38.
[WTTC] World Travel and Tourism Council. (2019). World travel and tourism economic impact 2019 - March 2019. All rights reseved. Licensed under the Attribution, Non-Commercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Licence. http://www.wttc.org.
Yuliana, L., & Sitorus, Y. M. (2018). Penerapan regresi data panel pada analisis pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap produktifitas ekonomi provinsi-provinsi di luar Pulau Jawa Tahun 20102014. Media Statistika, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14710/medstat.11.1.1-15
Yunitaningtyas, K., Yolanda, A. M., & Indahwati. (2019). A panel data analysis of tourism and economic development in Southeast Asian Countries. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1265: 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1265/1/ 012028
Zeren, K. S. (2018). Determination of number of arriving tourists and night spent in accommodation relations with economic growth: The case of Turkey. Prizren Social Science Journal, 2(2), 210–224.
Zhang, W. B. (2015). Tourism, trade, externalities, and public goodss in a three-sector growth model. Journal of Economics, 6(1), 1–19.
Authors
RadiantoE., PrabawaT. S., TherikW. M. A., SasongkoG., & NdoenM. L. (2019). The Role of Tourism in Development: A Dilemma Between Economic Growth and Mangrove Forest Degradation (A Case Study of Regencies/Cities in North Maluku Province). Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 25(3), 185. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.25.3.185
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