A Study of Flood Causal Priority in Arui Watershed, Manokwari Regency, Indonesia
Abstract
Papua is the final fortress of forests in Indonesia. However, floods recently occurred in Jayapura, Paniai, and Manokwari. If causal factors are not identified and early anticipated, the flood will become an annual disaster with more severe impacts. This study aims to identify main factors causing floods using scoring analysis. Data collected include: rainfall, river gradient, water discharge, drainage density, watershed shape, slope and land use. The research results show that the main factor of floods are average daily rainfall in wet month by 86.53 mm day-1 (rather high) with a score of 28, land use dominated by forest and plantation (rather low and medium) with a score of 21, watershed slope dominated by 1-<8% (high) with a score of 5, drainage density of 6.4 (medium) with a score of 3, watershed shape (Rc of 0.30 < Re 0.71) with somewhat/elongated shape with a score of 2, and river gradient of 0.0062 (low) with a score of 2 respectively. High rainfall causes greater flow of water and runoff. Land use dominated by plantations (21.46%) is thought to be one of the main causes of floods in Masni District. Flood mitigation does not mean that rain should be reduced, but regulates/manages such as stopping the conversion of forest into palm oil plantations, reducing surface runoff by applying soil conservation, making bypass from meandering, dredging sediments, and constructing retaining walls.
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Mueller ENPN, Francke T, Batalla RJ, Bronstert A. 2009. Modelling the effects of land-use change on runoff and sediment yield for a meso-scale catchment in the Southern Pyrenees. Catena 79 (3): 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.06.007
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Nugroho H, Cahyadi A.2012. Analisis morfometri menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk penentuan sub DAS prioritas (Studi kasus mitigasi bencana banjir bandang di DAS Garang Jawa Tengah)
Semnas IF 2012.UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, 30 Juni 2012 Issn 1979-2328. [12 April 2018].
Nur AM.2009. Sungai Meander Luk Ulo Antara Kondisi Ideal dan Kenyataan. Jurnal Geografi 11 (2): 217-226
Oksana, Irfan M, Huda MU.2012. Pengaruh alih fungsi lahan hutan menjadi perkebunan kelapa Sawit terhadap sifat kimia tanah. Jurnal Agroteknologi 3 (1): 2934
Paimin, Sukresno, Purwanto. 2010. Sidik cepat degredasi Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai(DAS). Bogor: Putlitbang Hutan dan Konservasi Alam.
Paimin, Pramono IB, Purwanto, Indrawati, DR. 2012. Sistem Perencanaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Jakarta: Ministry of Forestry .
Paroissien JB , Darboux FE, Couturier A , Devillers B, Mouillot F, Raclot D, Bissonnais YL. 2014. A method for modeling the effects of climate and land use changes erosion and sustainability of soil in a mediterranean watershed Languedoc, France. Journal of Environmental Management 150: 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/jenvman.2014.10.034
Permenhut. 2009. Permenhut No. 328/Menhut-II/2009 tentang prioritas DAS Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Forestry.
Prasetyo LB. 2013.Land use, climate change and biodiversity modeling: perspectives and applications. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 19 (3): 817. https://doi.org/10.7226/jffm.19.3.211
Purwati E, Soewardi K, Kusumantoro T, Kartasasmita M, Nurjaya IW. 2012. Dampak perubahan kawasan hutan menjadi areal industri batubara terhadap kualitas air di Sepanjang DAS Berau-Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh 8 (2): 6070
Ran J, Budic ZN. 2016. Integrating spatial planning and flood risk management: A new conceptual framework for the spatially integrated policy infrastructure. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems Journal 57: 6879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.01.08
Senawi.2009. Arahan penggunaan lahan untuk pengendalian erosi tanah Sub DAS Wuryantoro DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 3 (2): 95107
Shahabudin. 2011. Effect of land use change on ecosystem function of dung beetles: experimental evidence from Wallace Region in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 12 (3): 177181
Soewarno, 1991. Hidrologi: Pengukuran dan Pengolahan Data Aliran Sungai (Hidrometri). Bandung: Nova.
Schum SA. 1956. Evolution of drainage system and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy. Geological Society of America67 (5): 597646. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)67[597;EODSAS]2.0.CO:2
Strahler AN. 1964. Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In: V.T. Chow (Ed.), Handbook of Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp.4.394.76.
Vannier O, Anguetin S, Braud 1.2016. Investigating the role of geology in the hidrological response of Mediterranean cathment prone to flash floods: regional modeling study and proses understanding. Journal of Hydrology. 541 (2016) 158-172
Wirosoedarmo R, Haji ATS, Pramesti EM. 2010. Study on form, drainage network, and watershed hydrograph by Using SIMODAS (Case study on Sabu Island - Nusa Tenggara Timur) Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 11 (2): 123130
Worman A, Lindstrom G, Riml J. 2017. The power of runoff. Journal of Hydrology 548: 784793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.041
Yan B, Fang NF, Zhang PC, Shi ZH. 2013. Impacts of land use change on watershed streamflow and sediment yield: An assessment using hydrologic modelling and partial least squares regression. Journal of Hydrology 494: 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.008
Zhang FB, Bai YJ, Xie LY, Yang MY, Li ZB , Wu XR.2017. Runoff and soil loss characteristics on loess slopes covered with aeolian sand layers of different thicknesses under simulated rainfall. Journal of Hydrology 549: 244251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.002 0022-1694/ 2017
Arsyad S.2010. Soils Conservation and Water.Bogor: IPB Press.
Asdak C. 2010. Hydrology and Management Watershed . Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Barokah I, Purwantoro D. 2014. Pengaruh variasi debit aliran terhadap gerusan maksimal di bangunan jembatan dengan menggunakan program HEC-RAS. INERSIA Jurnal 10 (2): 175184.
Bera S,Bhandari A. 2013. Assessment of flood zazard Zone using remote sensing & GIS – A case Ssudy of Subarnarekha River Basin. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 5 (9): 16071612.
Biswas S, Kranz WL, Shapiro CA, Snow DD, Hunt SLB, Mamo M, Tarkalson DD, Zhang TC, Shelton DP, Donk SJV, Mader TL. 2017. Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields. Journal Hazardous Materials 324: 436-447. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.11.009 0304-3894
[BWS Manokwari] Balai Wilayah Sungai. 2017. Data Curah hujan Tahun 2013 sampai 2017. Balai Wilayah Sungai Manokwari. Papua Barat
Basyuni M, Agustina L, Murni MB.2015.Implication of land-use and land-cover change into carbon dioxide emissions in Karang Gading and Langkat Timur wildlife reserve, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 21 (1): 2535. https://doi.org/10.7226/jffm.21.1.25
Cai T, Li Q, Yu M, Lu G, Chen L, Wei X. 2012. Investigation into the impacts of land-use change on sediment yield characteristics in the upper Huaihe River basin, China. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth journal 5354: 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.023
Demsey JA, Plantinga Aj, Kline JD, Lawler JJ, Martinuzzi S,Radeloff VC, Bigelow DP. 2017. Effects of local land use planning on development and disturbance in riparian areas. Land Use Policy Journal 60: 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.011
Dessalegn D, Beyene S, Ram N, Walley F, Gala TS. 2014. Effects of topography and land use on soil characteristics along the toposequence of Ele watershed in Southern Ethiopia. Catena. 115: 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.11.007
Dury GH.1969.Relation of Morphometryto Runoff Frekwency.In Chorly RH, editor. Water Earth and Man. Londo: Matheu &Co.Ltd.
Fuchs M, Reverman R, Owen LA, Frankel KL. 2016. Reconstructing the timing of flash floods using dating at Leidy Creek alluvial fan and valley, White Mountains, California–Nevada, USA. Quaternary Research Journal 83 (1): 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.08.006
[GoIR] Goverment of Republic Indonesian. 2012. PP No. 37 tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Jakarta: Goverment of Republic Indonesian.
Girolamo AMD, Porto AL.2012. Land use scenario development as a tool for watershed management within the Rio Mannu Basin. Land Use Policy Journal. (29): 691701. https://10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.005.
Haines R, Young 2009. Land use and biodiversity relationships. Land Use Policy Journal 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.08.009
Hajani E, Rahman A, Ishak E. 2017. Trends in extreme rainfall in the state of New South Wales, Australia Hydrological Sciences Journal62 (13): 21602174 https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2017.1368520
Hallegatte S, Nicholas R, Morlot JC. 2013. Future flood losses in major coastal cities. Nature Climate Change 3: 802–806. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nclimate1979
Helman D, OsemY, Yakir D, Lensky IM. 2017. Relationships between climate, topography, water use and productivity in two key Mediterranean forest types with different water-use strategies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Journal. 232: 319–330 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.08.018
Hidayat WE,Rustiadi E, Kartodiharjo H. 2015. Dampak pertambangan terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan dan kesesuaian peruntukan ruang (Studi kasus Kabupaten Luwu Timur, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan). Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 26 (2): 130146. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2015.26.2.5
Idris MH, Mahrup. 2017. Changes in hydrological response of forest conversion to agroforestry and rainfed agriculture In Reggung Watershed, Lombok, Eastern, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 23 (2): 102110. https://doi.org/10.7226/jffm.23.2.102
Mahmud, Susanto S, Joko H. 2009. Penilaian status DAS (Studi Kasus Sub DAS Serang) Agritech Jurnal. 29(4): 198207. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9697.
Maryono A.2004. Menangani Banjir, Kekeringan dan Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Marfai, MA.2011. Impact of coastal inudation on ecology and agricultural land use case study in Central Java, Indonesia. Quaestiones Geographicae 30 (3):1931. htpps://doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0024-y
[MoF] Ministry of Forestry. 2009. Ministry of Forestry Decree Number 328/Menhut-II/2009 for Priority Indonesia Watershed . Jakarta. Ministry of Forestry.
[MoLEF] Ministry of Life Enviromental and Forestry. 2017. Laporan Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pengelolaan DAS Arui tahun 2017. Jakarta: Ministry of Life Enviromental and Forestry.
Mueller ENPN, Francke T, Batalla RJ, Bronstert A. 2009. Modelling the effects of land-use change on runoff and sediment yield for a meso-scale catchment in the Southern Pyrenees. Catena 79 (3): 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.06.007
Nasir A, Saleh MB, Bahruni 2017. Optimization of land use collaborative management model Perum Perhutani: Study case KPH Pekalongan Barat. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 23(1): 2536. https://doi.org/10.7226/jffm.23.1.25
Neuvel JMM, Knaap WVD. 2010. A spatial planning perspective for measures concerning flood risk management. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 26(2), 283–296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900621003655668.
Ngongondo C, Xu C, Gottschalk L, Alemaw B. 2011. Evaluation of spatial and temporal Chracteristics of rainfall in Malawi:A case of data scarce region.Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 106 (12):7993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0413-0
Nugroho H, Cahyadi A.2012. Analisis morfometri menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk penentuan sub DAS prioritas (Studi kasus mitigasi bencana banjir bandang di DAS Garang Jawa Tengah)
Semnas IF 2012.UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, 30 Juni 2012 Issn 1979-2328. [12 April 2018].
Nur AM.2009. Sungai Meander Luk Ulo Antara Kondisi Ideal dan Kenyataan. Jurnal Geografi 11 (2): 217-226
Oksana, Irfan M, Huda MU.2012. Pengaruh alih fungsi lahan hutan menjadi perkebunan kelapa Sawit terhadap sifat kimia tanah. Jurnal Agroteknologi 3 (1): 2934
Paimin, Sukresno, Purwanto. 2010. Sidik cepat degredasi Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai(DAS). Bogor: Putlitbang Hutan dan Konservasi Alam.
Paimin, Pramono IB, Purwanto, Indrawati, DR. 2012. Sistem Perencanaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Jakarta: Ministry of Forestry .
Paroissien JB , Darboux FE, Couturier A , Devillers B, Mouillot F, Raclot D, Bissonnais YL. 2014. A method for modeling the effects of climate and land use changes erosion and sustainability of soil in a mediterranean watershed Languedoc, France. Journal of Environmental Management 150: 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/jenvman.2014.10.034
Permenhut. 2009. Permenhut No. 328/Menhut-II/2009 tentang prioritas DAS Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Forestry.
Prasetyo LB. 2013.Land use, climate change and biodiversity modeling: perspectives and applications. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 19 (3): 817. https://doi.org/10.7226/jffm.19.3.211
Purwati E, Soewardi K, Kusumantoro T, Kartasasmita M, Nurjaya IW. 2012. Dampak perubahan kawasan hutan menjadi areal industri batubara terhadap kualitas air di Sepanjang DAS Berau-Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh 8 (2): 6070
Ran J, Budic ZN. 2016. Integrating spatial planning and flood risk management: A new conceptual framework for the spatially integrated policy infrastructure. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems Journal 57: 6879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.01.08
Senawi.2009. Arahan penggunaan lahan untuk pengendalian erosi tanah Sub DAS Wuryantoro DTA Waduk Gajah Mungkur, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 3 (2): 95107
Shahabudin. 2011. Effect of land use change on ecosystem function of dung beetles: experimental evidence from Wallace Region in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 12 (3): 177181
Soewarno, 1991. Hidrologi: Pengukuran dan Pengolahan Data Aliran Sungai (Hidrometri). Bandung: Nova.
Schum SA. 1956. Evolution of drainage system and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy. Geological Society of America67 (5): 597646. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)67[597;EODSAS]2.0.CO:2
Strahler AN. 1964. Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In: V.T. Chow (Ed.), Handbook of Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp.4.394.76.
Vannier O, Anguetin S, Braud 1.2016. Investigating the role of geology in the hidrological response of Mediterranean cathment prone to flash floods: regional modeling study and proses understanding. Journal of Hydrology. 541 (2016) 158-172
Wirosoedarmo R, Haji ATS, Pramesti EM. 2010. Study on form, drainage network, and watershed hydrograph by Using SIMODAS (Case study on Sabu Island - Nusa Tenggara Timur) Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 11 (2): 123130
Worman A, Lindstrom G, Riml J. 2017. The power of runoff. Journal of Hydrology 548: 784793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.041
Yan B, Fang NF, Zhang PC, Shi ZH. 2013. Impacts of land use change on watershed streamflow and sediment yield: An assessment using hydrologic modelling and partial least squares regression. Journal of Hydrology 494: 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.008
Zhang FB, Bai YJ, Xie LY, Yang MY, Li ZB , Wu XR.2017. Runoff and soil loss characteristics on loess slopes covered with aeolian sand layers of different thicknesses under simulated rainfall. Journal of Hydrology 549: 244251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.002 0022-1694/ 2017
Authors
MahmudM., KusumandariA., SudarmadjiS., & SupriyatnoN. (2018). A Study of Flood Causal Priority in Arui Watershed, Manokwari Regency, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 24(2), 81. Retrieved from https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jmht/article/view/21380
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