The Village Forest as A Counter Teritorialization by Village Communities in Kampar Peninsula Riau
Abstract
State hegemony over forest areas in practice is indeed more favorable to forestry corporations and eliminates a village community access. Data analyzed using Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory and Laclau and Mouffe's hegemony to understand the movements of villagers to regain access to the forests. The results of this study indicate the emergence of antagonism between rural communities and companies was the impact of the abandonment of villagers from the forestry development. NGOs, as an organic intellectual has succeeded strengthen the village institutions to fight for remaining forests through permit of village forest, even though they have to compete with the biggest forestry company. The Permit of Village Forest in Kampar Peninsula has become the first social forestry permit in Riau Province. This condition is a fact the slow return of forest access to rural communities through social forestry programs. The Program of Social Forestry that was recently introduced by the state was not a counter-hegemony (victory of the villagers against state hegemony), but it is reinforcing hegemony of state over forest areas.
References
Bromley S. 1991. American Hegemony On World Oil: The Industry, World System, and Economy. Great Britain: The Pennsylvania University Press.
Arsyad Benjamin S. 2011: The Power in Carbon. A Neo-Gramscian explanation for the EU's Adoption of Emissions Trading in Engels. Anita, editor. Global Transformations Towards a Low Carbon Society 4 (Working Paper Series). Hamburg: University of Hamburg/KlimaCampus
Bloomfield MJ. 2012. Is forest certification a hegemonic force? The FSC and its challengers. Journal of Environment & Development 21(4):391–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496512449822
Bocock R. 1986. Hegemony. London: Tavistock Publication
Buchy M. 2000. Forestry Department, Forestry: from a Colonial Discipline to a Modern Vision. Keynote Paper. Workshop on Changing Learning and Education in Forestry, SaPa, Vietnam. 1619 April 2000. Social Forestry Support Programme, Vietnam. 18p. http://www.socialforestry.org.vn. [3 November 2016].
Budiono R. 2017. Analisis hubungan negara dan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya hutan (studi kasus Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau). [dissertation]. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
Bungin HMB. 2007. Penelitian Kualitatif Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik dan Ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: Lanilla Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Cascão A. 2008. Ethiopia–challenges to Egyptian hegemony in the Nile Basin. Water Policy 10(2):13–28.
Central Statistics Agency of Pelalawan Regency (CSAoP). 2015. Kecataman Teluk Meranti & Kuala Kampar dalam Angka. Katalog BPS nomor 1102001.1404042 & 1102001.1404040, ISBN 979 484 611 2 & 979 484 609 0. www. pelalawankab.bps.go.id. [13 oktober 2017].
Cox RW. 1992. Towards a post-hegemonic conceptualization of world order: Reflections on the relevancy of Ibn Khaldun. In Rosenauand
JN, Czempiel EQ, editors. Governance without Government Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press pp. 132–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511521775.007
Cox RW. 1983. Gramsci, hegemony, and international relations: An essay in method. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 12(2):162–175 https://doi.org/ 10.1177/03058298830120020701
Coughlan D, Miller MB. 2014. The Sage Encyclopedia of Action Research. London: SAGE Publication Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446294406.
Dabirimehr A, Fatmi MT. 2014. LACLAU and Mouffe's theory of discourse. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences 3(11):1283–1287.
Deseriis M. 2017. Technopopulism: The emergence of a discursive formation. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 15(2):441–458 https://doi.org/ 10.31269/triplec.v15i2.770
Effendy T. 2008. Bujang Tan Domang, Sastra Lisan Orang Petalangan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Forest Environmental and Forest Service Statistics. 2014. Statistik Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Riau. Bidang Planologi Kehutanan. Pekanbaru: Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi Riau.
Fay C, Michon G. 2005. Redressing forestry hegemony when a forestry regulatory framework is best replaced by an agrarian one, forests, trees and livelihoods. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 15(2):193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028. 2005.9752520
Geary K. 2012. 'Our Land, Our Lives': Timeout on the global land rush OXFAM BRIEFING NOTE, Oxfam GB for Oxfam International. http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/our-land-our-lives-time-out-on-the-global-land-rush-246731. [4 Juni 2016].
Gerber JF. 2011. Conflicts over industrial tree plantations in the south: Who, how and why? Global Environmental Change 21(1):165–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.gloenvcha.2010.09.005
Hardjanto. 2003. Keragaan dan pengembangan usaha kayu rakyat di Pulau Jawa [disertasi]. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
Hardojo AP. 2008. Mendahulukan si Miskin. Buku Sumber Bagi Anggaran Pro Rakyat. Yogyakarta: LKIS.
Hasan M, Syufri. 2013. Persiapan sosial dan penguatan kelembagaan bagi penerima manfaat dalam menunjang Program REDD “Reduction Emission from Deforestation and Degradation”. Jurnal Academica Fisip Untad 5(2):1079–1084.
Hendarto. 1993. Mengenal Konsep Hegemoni Gramsci dalam Diskursus Kemasyarakatan dan Kemanusiaan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Hunt A. 1990. Rights and social movements: Counter-hegemonic strategies. Journal of Law and Community 17(3): 309–328. https://doi.org/10.2307/1410156.
Hutagalung D. 2008. Hegemoni dan Demokrasi Radikal-Plural: Membaca Laclau dan Mouffe. In: Laclau E, Mouffe C. Translated from:
Hegemoni dan Strategi Sosialis. Yogyakarta: Resist Book.
Iskandar. 2015. Hukum Kehutanan, Prinsip Hukum Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup dalam Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kawasan Hutan Berkelanjutan. Bandung: Mandar Maju.
Laclau E, Mouffe C. 2008. Hegemoni dan Strategi Sosialis: Post Marxisme dan Gerakan Sosial Baru. Yogyakarta: Resist Book.
Lansing D. 2014. Discourse and the production of territorial hegemony: Indigenous peoples, the United Fruit Company and the capitalist state in Costa Rica, 18721916. Journal of Historical Geography 45:38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2014.04.001
Lee JWY, Tang WS. 2016. The hegemony of the real estate industry: Redevelopment of 'Government/Institution or Community' (G/IC) land in Hong Kong. Urban Studies 54(15):3403–3422. https://doi.org/10.1177/004209801 6679607
Leirissa RZ. 1999. VOC sebagai sejarah sosial. Wacana 1(1):
Locher M. 2015. The global land rush local land rights and power relations: European forestry investments in Tanzania. [dissertation]. Gottingen: the University of Zurich . http://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-117347
Lukes S. 2005. Power, Second Edition: A Radical View. Second Edition. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan.
Machmur AS, Sutoyo W. 1999. Dinamika Proses Lahirnya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No 41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan. Jakarta: Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan.
McCarthy JF, Jacqueline AC, Afiff S. 2012. Trajectories of land acquisition and enclosure: development schemes, virtual land grabs, and green acquisitions in Indonesia's Outer Islands. The Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2):521–549.
Nugroho B. 2013. Reformasi institusi dan tata kepemerintahan: Faktor pemungkin menuju tata kelola kehutanan yang baik. Kembali ke jalan lurus: Kritik penggunaan ilmu dan praktek kehutanan Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Nailil Printika.
Nugroho B. 2011. Land rights of community forest plantation policy: Analysis from an institutional perspective. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 17(3):111–118.
Nurrochmat DR, Hasan MF, Suharjito D, Hadianto A, Ekayani M, Sudarmalik, Purwawangsa H, Mustaghfirin, Ryandi ED. 2012. In:
Nurrochmat M, Hasan M, editors. Ekonomi Politik Kehutanan. Mengurai Mitos dan Fakta Pengelolaan Hutan, Second edition INDEF, Jakarta (revised version (in Indonesian)).
Nurrochmat DR, Iin S, Ekayani M, Hadianto A. 2010. Neraca Pembangunan Hijau, Konsep & Implikasi Bisnis Karbon Tata Air di Sektor Kehutanan. Bogor: IPB Press.
Nurrochmat DR. 2005. The Impacts of Regional Autonomy on Political Dynamics, Socio-Economic and Forest Degradation. Case of Jambi-Indonesia. Goettingen: Cuvillier Verlag.
Nurrochrnat DR, Darusman D, Ruchjadi D. 2014. Rekonstruksi sistem tenurial kehutanan. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan 1(1):24–29.
Menga F. 2016. Reconceptualizing hegemony: the circle of hydro-hegemony. Water Policy 18(2):401–418.
Onghokham. 2014. Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Overbeek W, Kröger M, Gerber JF 2012. An Overview of Industrial Tree Plantations in the Global South: Conflicts, Trends, Resistance
Struggles. Ejolt Report No 3. Helsinki: WRM-University of Helsinki.
Patria N, Arief A. 2009. Antonio Gramsci: Negara dan Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Peluso NL. 2006. Hutan Kaya, Rakyat Melarat: Penguasaan Sumber Daya dan Perlawanan di Jawa. Yogyakarta: Khopalindo.
Perkins HA. 2011. Geoforum Gramsci in green: Neoliberal hegemony through urban forestry and the potential for a political ecology of pratice. Geoforum 42:558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.05.001.
Prabowo SA, Basuni S, Suharjito D. 2010. Konflik tanpa henti: Permukiman dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Halimun. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 16(3):137–142.
Perkins HA. 2011. Gramsci in green: Neoliberal hegemony through urban forestry and the potential for a political ecology of praxis. Geoforum 42:558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.05.001
Pranoto SW. 2010. Jawa (Bandit-Bandit Pedesaan) Studi Historis 18501942. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Polanyi K. 2001. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, 2nd ed.
Rahman NF. 2017. Petani & Penguasa: Dinamika Perjalanan Politik Agraria Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Insist Press.
Rajagukguk E. 1995. Hukum Agraria, Pola Penguasaan Tanah dan Kebutuhan Hidup. Cetakan I. Jakarta: Chandra Pratama.
Samad RS. 2010. Negara dan Masyarakat Studi Penetrasi Negara di Riau Kepulauan Masa Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Servillo L. 2010. Territorial cohesion discourses: Hegemonic strategic concepts in European spatial planning. Planning Theory & Practice Journal 11(3):397–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2010.500135.
Scale Up. 2012. Laporan Tahunan (ringkas) Konflik Sumber Daya Alam di Riau Tahun 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011. Pekanbaru: Scale Up dan IMN.
Sitorus MTF. 1998. Penelitian Kualitatif: Suatu Perkenalan. Bogor: Kelompok Dokumentasi Ilmu-limu Sosial untuk Laboratorium Sosiologi, Antroplogi, dan Kependudukan. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Soekiman D. 2011. Kebudayaan Indis: Dari Zaman Kompeni Sampai Revolusi. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.
Strauss A, Corbin J. 1990. Basics of qualitative research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Sugiono M. 2006. Kritik Antonio Gramsci Terhadap Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Cetakan II. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Suhendang E. 2013. Perkembangan Paradigma Kehutanan. Makalah disampaikan dalam Diskusi Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Ekosistem sebagai Pendekatan untuk Pengelolaan Hutan Indonesia dalam Paradigma Kehutanan Indonesia Baru. Diselenggarakan dalam rangka Ulang Tahun Emas Fakultas Kehutanan IPB (1963–2013). Bogor, Agustus 2013.
Sunyoto A. 2015. Kolonial Belanda dan Kekerasan Budaya Pasca 1926–1927. Downloaded from http://www.nu. or.id/post/read/64388/%09kolonialisme- Belanda-dan-kekerasan-budaya-pasca-1926-1927. [3 Juni 2016].
Scattergood W. 2004. Dynamic Hegemony: Power, Cooptation, and Subversion in the Clash Between International Trade, Security, and Environmental Protection" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec. Canada.
Tamagola T. 2006. Republik Kapling. Yogyakarta: Resist Book.
Thompson H. 1999. Social forestry: An analysis of Indonesian forestry policy department of economics, Murdoch University. Journal of Contemporary Asia 29(2):187–201 https://doi.org/10.1080/ 004723399800 00311
Zinzani A, Menga F. 2017. The circle of Hydro-hegemony between riparian states, development policies and borderlands: Evidence from the Talas Waterscape (Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan). Journal Geoforum 85:112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum. 2017.07.019
Warne J. 2008. Contested Hydro-hegemony: Hydraulic control and security in Turkey. Journal Water Alternatives 1(2):271–288.
Wolford W, Borras Jr SM, Hall R, Scoones I, White B. 2013. Governing global land deals: The role of the state in the rush for land. Journal Development and Change 44(2):189210. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12017.
Wollenberg E, Belcher B, Sheil D, Dewi S, Moeliono M. 2004. Mengapa kawasan hutan penting bagi penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia? Governance Brief 4(1). Forest and Governance Programme. Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR
Arsyad Benjamin S. 2011: The Power in Carbon. A Neo-Gramscian explanation for the EU's Adoption of Emissions Trading in Engels. Anita, editor. Global Transformations Towards a Low Carbon Society 4 (Working Paper Series). Hamburg: University of Hamburg/KlimaCampus
Bloomfield MJ. 2012. Is forest certification a hegemonic force? The FSC and its challengers. Journal of Environment & Development 21(4):391–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496512449822
Bocock R. 1986. Hegemony. London: Tavistock Publication
Buchy M. 2000. Forestry Department, Forestry: from a Colonial Discipline to a Modern Vision. Keynote Paper. Workshop on Changing Learning and Education in Forestry, SaPa, Vietnam. 1619 April 2000. Social Forestry Support Programme, Vietnam. 18p. http://www.socialforestry.org.vn. [3 November 2016].
Budiono R. 2017. Analisis hubungan negara dan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya hutan (studi kasus Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau). [dissertation]. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
Bungin HMB. 2007. Penelitian Kualitatif Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik dan Ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: Lanilla Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Cascão A. 2008. Ethiopia–challenges to Egyptian hegemony in the Nile Basin. Water Policy 10(2):13–28.
Central Statistics Agency of Pelalawan Regency (CSAoP). 2015. Kecataman Teluk Meranti & Kuala Kampar dalam Angka. Katalog BPS nomor 1102001.1404042 & 1102001.1404040, ISBN 979 484 611 2 & 979 484 609 0. www. pelalawankab.bps.go.id. [13 oktober 2017].
Cox RW. 1992. Towards a post-hegemonic conceptualization of world order: Reflections on the relevancy of Ibn Khaldun. In Rosenauand
JN, Czempiel EQ, editors. Governance without Government Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press pp. 132–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511521775.007
Cox RW. 1983. Gramsci, hegemony, and international relations: An essay in method. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 12(2):162–175 https://doi.org/ 10.1177/03058298830120020701
Coughlan D, Miller MB. 2014. The Sage Encyclopedia of Action Research. London: SAGE Publication Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446294406.
Dabirimehr A, Fatmi MT. 2014. LACLAU and Mouffe's theory of discourse. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences 3(11):1283–1287.
Deseriis M. 2017. Technopopulism: The emergence of a discursive formation. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 15(2):441–458 https://doi.org/ 10.31269/triplec.v15i2.770
Effendy T. 2008. Bujang Tan Domang, Sastra Lisan Orang Petalangan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Forest Environmental and Forest Service Statistics. 2014. Statistik Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Riau. Bidang Planologi Kehutanan. Pekanbaru: Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi Riau.
Fay C, Michon G. 2005. Redressing forestry hegemony when a forestry regulatory framework is best replaced by an agrarian one, forests, trees and livelihoods. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 15(2):193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028. 2005.9752520
Geary K. 2012. 'Our Land, Our Lives': Timeout on the global land rush OXFAM BRIEFING NOTE, Oxfam GB for Oxfam International. http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/our-land-our-lives-time-out-on-the-global-land-rush-246731. [4 Juni 2016].
Gerber JF. 2011. Conflicts over industrial tree plantations in the south: Who, how and why? Global Environmental Change 21(1):165–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.gloenvcha.2010.09.005
Hardjanto. 2003. Keragaan dan pengembangan usaha kayu rakyat di Pulau Jawa [disertasi]. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural University.
Hardojo AP. 2008. Mendahulukan si Miskin. Buku Sumber Bagi Anggaran Pro Rakyat. Yogyakarta: LKIS.
Hasan M, Syufri. 2013. Persiapan sosial dan penguatan kelembagaan bagi penerima manfaat dalam menunjang Program REDD “Reduction Emission from Deforestation and Degradation”. Jurnal Academica Fisip Untad 5(2):1079–1084.
Hendarto. 1993. Mengenal Konsep Hegemoni Gramsci dalam Diskursus Kemasyarakatan dan Kemanusiaan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Hunt A. 1990. Rights and social movements: Counter-hegemonic strategies. Journal of Law and Community 17(3): 309–328. https://doi.org/10.2307/1410156.
Hutagalung D. 2008. Hegemoni dan Demokrasi Radikal-Plural: Membaca Laclau dan Mouffe. In: Laclau E, Mouffe C. Translated from:
Hegemoni dan Strategi Sosialis. Yogyakarta: Resist Book.
Iskandar. 2015. Hukum Kehutanan, Prinsip Hukum Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup dalam Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kawasan Hutan Berkelanjutan. Bandung: Mandar Maju.
Laclau E, Mouffe C. 2008. Hegemoni dan Strategi Sosialis: Post Marxisme dan Gerakan Sosial Baru. Yogyakarta: Resist Book.
Lansing D. 2014. Discourse and the production of territorial hegemony: Indigenous peoples, the United Fruit Company and the capitalist state in Costa Rica, 18721916. Journal of Historical Geography 45:38–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2014.04.001
Lee JWY, Tang WS. 2016. The hegemony of the real estate industry: Redevelopment of 'Government/Institution or Community' (G/IC) land in Hong Kong. Urban Studies 54(15):3403–3422. https://doi.org/10.1177/004209801 6679607
Leirissa RZ. 1999. VOC sebagai sejarah sosial. Wacana 1(1):
Locher M. 2015. The global land rush local land rights and power relations: European forestry investments in Tanzania. [dissertation]. Gottingen: the University of Zurich . http://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-117347
Lukes S. 2005. Power, Second Edition: A Radical View. Second Edition. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan.
Machmur AS, Sutoyo W. 1999. Dinamika Proses Lahirnya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No 41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan. Jakarta: Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan.
McCarthy JF, Jacqueline AC, Afiff S. 2012. Trajectories of land acquisition and enclosure: development schemes, virtual land grabs, and green acquisitions in Indonesia's Outer Islands. The Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2):521–549.
Nugroho B. 2013. Reformasi institusi dan tata kepemerintahan: Faktor pemungkin menuju tata kelola kehutanan yang baik. Kembali ke jalan lurus: Kritik penggunaan ilmu dan praktek kehutanan Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Nailil Printika.
Nugroho B. 2011. Land rights of community forest plantation policy: Analysis from an institutional perspective. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 17(3):111–118.
Nurrochmat DR, Hasan MF, Suharjito D, Hadianto A, Ekayani M, Sudarmalik, Purwawangsa H, Mustaghfirin, Ryandi ED. 2012. In:
Nurrochmat M, Hasan M, editors. Ekonomi Politik Kehutanan. Mengurai Mitos dan Fakta Pengelolaan Hutan, Second edition INDEF, Jakarta (revised version (in Indonesian)).
Nurrochmat DR, Iin S, Ekayani M, Hadianto A. 2010. Neraca Pembangunan Hijau, Konsep & Implikasi Bisnis Karbon Tata Air di Sektor Kehutanan. Bogor: IPB Press.
Nurrochmat DR. 2005. The Impacts of Regional Autonomy on Political Dynamics, Socio-Economic and Forest Degradation. Case of Jambi-Indonesia. Goettingen: Cuvillier Verlag.
Nurrochrnat DR, Darusman D, Ruchjadi D. 2014. Rekonstruksi sistem tenurial kehutanan. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan 1(1):24–29.
Menga F. 2016. Reconceptualizing hegemony: the circle of hydro-hegemony. Water Policy 18(2):401–418.
Onghokham. 2014. Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Overbeek W, Kröger M, Gerber JF 2012. An Overview of Industrial Tree Plantations in the Global South: Conflicts, Trends, Resistance
Struggles. Ejolt Report No 3. Helsinki: WRM-University of Helsinki.
Patria N, Arief A. 2009. Antonio Gramsci: Negara dan Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Peluso NL. 2006. Hutan Kaya, Rakyat Melarat: Penguasaan Sumber Daya dan Perlawanan di Jawa. Yogyakarta: Khopalindo.
Perkins HA. 2011. Geoforum Gramsci in green: Neoliberal hegemony through urban forestry and the potential for a political ecology of pratice. Geoforum 42:558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.05.001.
Prabowo SA, Basuni S, Suharjito D. 2010. Konflik tanpa henti: Permukiman dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Halimun. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 16(3):137–142.
Perkins HA. 2011. Gramsci in green: Neoliberal hegemony through urban forestry and the potential for a political ecology of praxis. Geoforum 42:558–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.05.001
Pranoto SW. 2010. Jawa (Bandit-Bandit Pedesaan) Studi Historis 18501942. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Polanyi K. 2001. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, 2nd ed.
Rahman NF. 2017. Petani & Penguasa: Dinamika Perjalanan Politik Agraria Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Insist Press.
Rajagukguk E. 1995. Hukum Agraria, Pola Penguasaan Tanah dan Kebutuhan Hidup. Cetakan I. Jakarta: Chandra Pratama.
Samad RS. 2010. Negara dan Masyarakat Studi Penetrasi Negara di Riau Kepulauan Masa Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Servillo L. 2010. Territorial cohesion discourses: Hegemonic strategic concepts in European spatial planning. Planning Theory & Practice Journal 11(3):397–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2010.500135.
Scale Up. 2012. Laporan Tahunan (ringkas) Konflik Sumber Daya Alam di Riau Tahun 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011. Pekanbaru: Scale Up dan IMN.
Sitorus MTF. 1998. Penelitian Kualitatif: Suatu Perkenalan. Bogor: Kelompok Dokumentasi Ilmu-limu Sosial untuk Laboratorium Sosiologi, Antroplogi, dan Kependudukan. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Soekiman D. 2011. Kebudayaan Indis: Dari Zaman Kompeni Sampai Revolusi. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.
Strauss A, Corbin J. 1990. Basics of qualitative research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Sugiono M. 2006. Kritik Antonio Gramsci Terhadap Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Cetakan II. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Suhendang E. 2013. Perkembangan Paradigma Kehutanan. Makalah disampaikan dalam Diskusi Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Ekosistem sebagai Pendekatan untuk Pengelolaan Hutan Indonesia dalam Paradigma Kehutanan Indonesia Baru. Diselenggarakan dalam rangka Ulang Tahun Emas Fakultas Kehutanan IPB (1963–2013). Bogor, Agustus 2013.
Sunyoto A. 2015. Kolonial Belanda dan Kekerasan Budaya Pasca 1926–1927. Downloaded from http://www.nu. or.id/post/read/64388/%09kolonialisme- Belanda-dan-kekerasan-budaya-pasca-1926-1927. [3 Juni 2016].
Scattergood W. 2004. Dynamic Hegemony: Power, Cooptation, and Subversion in the Clash Between International Trade, Security, and Environmental Protection" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec. Canada.
Tamagola T. 2006. Republik Kapling. Yogyakarta: Resist Book.
Thompson H. 1999. Social forestry: An analysis of Indonesian forestry policy department of economics, Murdoch University. Journal of Contemporary Asia 29(2):187–201 https://doi.org/10.1080/ 004723399800 00311
Zinzani A, Menga F. 2017. The circle of Hydro-hegemony between riparian states, development policies and borderlands: Evidence from the Talas Waterscape (Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan). Journal Geoforum 85:112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum. 2017.07.019
Warne J. 2008. Contested Hydro-hegemony: Hydraulic control and security in Turkey. Journal Water Alternatives 1(2):271–288.
Wolford W, Borras Jr SM, Hall R, Scoones I, White B. 2013. Governing global land deals: The role of the state in the rush for land. Journal Development and Change 44(2):189210. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12017.
Wollenberg E, Belcher B, Sheil D, Dewi S, Moeliono M. 2004. Mengapa kawasan hutan penting bagi penanggulangan kemiskinan di Indonesia? Governance Brief 4(1). Forest and Governance Programme. Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR
Authors
BudionoR., NugrohoB., Hardjanto, & NurrochmatD. R. (2018). The Village Forest as A Counter Teritorialization by Village Communities in Kampar Peninsula Riau. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 24(3), 115. Retrieved from https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jmht/article/view/17793
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika is an open access journal which means that all contents is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.