Possibility of Harnessing Social Capital to Support the Development of Payment for Environmental Services in Small-Scale Forests: A Case of Jatigede Catchment Area
Abstract
The concept of social capital has gained attention as a source of support in implementing Payment for Environmental Services (PES). Environmental services, in the context of better water yields in watersheds, is affected by good land cover conditions of forests including small-scale private owned forests. Although some research results indicate that private owned forests are more economic oriented than environmental functions, but its existing social capital can be harnessed to implement PES in small-scale forests. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of social capital as a source of support in the implementation of PES. The research was conducted by survey method. This research revealeds that the level of trust in local community leaders is very high. This role models can be an key entry point for realizing the PES scheme by strengthening the common knowledge of environmental benefits of small-scale forests and strengthen community norms related to the protection of water resources. Leadership and networking capabilities of the community institution leader give a real influence in collaboration between groups.
References
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[Prisma] Programa Salvadoreño de Investigación Sobre Desarrollo y Medio
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Putnam RD. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Rawlins MA, Westby L. 2013. Community participation in payment for ecosystem services design and implementation: an example from Trinidad. Ecosystem Services 6:117–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser. 2013.09.004.
Rosa H, Barry D, Kandel S, Dimas L. 2004. Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural Communities: Lessons from the Americas. Amherst: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts.
Suharti S, Darusman D, Nugroho B, Sundawati L. 2016. Strengthening social capital for propelling collective action in mangrove management. Wetlands Ecology and Management 24(6):683–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-016-9496-9.
Supranto J. 2000. Statistik, Teori dan Aplikasi. In: Tulus S, Ali S, editors. 6th edition. Jakarta: Erlangga Press.
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van der Horst. 2011. Adoption of payments for ecosystem services: An application of the Hägerstrand model. Applied Geography 31:668–678. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.12.001.
Widarti A. 2015. Contribution of small scale private forest for environmental and income sustainability. In: Proceeding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. 1(7): 1622–1626.
Woolcock M. 2001. The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. The Isuma Canadian Journal of Policy Research 2(1):11–17.
Yin R, Liu T, Yao S, Zhao M. 2013. Designing and implementing payments for ecosystem services programs: lessons learned from China's cropland restoration experience. Forest Policy and Economics 35:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06. 010.
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Tsakaldimi M, Tsitsoni T, Ganatsas P, Zagas T. 2009. A comparison of root architecture and shoot morphology between naturally regenerated and container-grown seedlings of Quercus ilex. Plant and Soil 324:103–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11104-009-9974-4.
van Sambeek JW, Godsey LD, Walter WD, Garrett HE, Dwyer JP. 2016. Field performance of Quercus bicolor established as repeatedly air-root-pruned container and bareroot planting stock. Open Journal of Forestry 6:163–176. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2016.63014.
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Vaverkova M, Adamcova D, Kotovicova J, Toman F. 2014. Evaluation of biodegradability of plastics bags in composting conditions. Ecology and Chemical Engeneering Science 21(1):45–57. https://doi.org/10. 2478/eces-2014-0004.
Zahawi RA, Holl KD. 2009. Comparing the performance of tree stakes and seedlings to restore abandoned tropical pastures. Restoration Ecology 17:854–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00423.x.
Adhikari B, Boag G. 2013. Designing payments for ecosystem services schemes: Some considerations. Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability 5:72–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.11.001.
Ajayi O, Jack BK, Leimona B. 2012. Auction design for the private provision of public goods in developing countries: Lessons from payments for environmental services in Malawi and Indonesia. World Development 40(6):12213–12223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. worlddev.2011.12.007.
Agnitsch K, FloraJ, Ryan V. 2006. Bonding and bridging social capital: The interactive effects on community action. Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society 37(1):36–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330609490153.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Garut. 2016. Kecamatan Malangbong dalam Angka 2016. Garut: BPS Kabupaten Garut.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sumedaang. 2016. Kecamatan Wado dalam Angka 2016. Sumedang: BPS Kabupaten Sumedang.
Beckmann V, Padmanabhan M, editor. 2009. Institutional and Sustainability. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/ 978-1-4020-9690-7.
Clements T, John A, Nielsen K, An, D, Tan S, Gulland EJM. 2010. Payment for biodiversity conservation in the context of weak institutions: Comparison of three programs from Cambodia. Ecological Economics 69:1283–1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon. 2009.11.010.
Darusman D, Hardjanto. 2006. Tinjauan ekonomi hutan rakyat. Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat dalam Kesinambungan Industri Kehutanan. In: Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Hasil Hutan; Bogor, 21 September 2006. Pp: 4–13.
Djohan R. 2008. Leaders and Social Capital: Lead to Togetherness. Jakarta: Fund Asia Education.
Emerton L. 1999. Community-Based Incentives for Nature Conservation. IUCN–The World Conservation Union–Eastern Africa Regional Office and Economics Unit. http://economics.iucn.org. [18 October 2012].
Engel S, Pagiola S, Wunder S. 2008. Designing payment for environmental services in theory and practice: An overview of the issues. Ecological Economics 65:663–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008. 03.011.
Fukuyama F. 2007. Trust: Kebijakan Sosial dan Penciptaan Kemakmuran. Second Edition. Translated from: Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Ruslani, translator. Jakarta: Penerbit Qalam.
Hardjanto. 2001. Kontribusi hutan rakyat terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga di sub DAS Cimanuk Hulu. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika VII(2):47–61.
Junaidi E, Tarigan SD. 2011. Pengaruh hutan dalam pengaturan tata air dan proses sedimentasi daerah aliran sungai (DAS): Studi kasus di DAS Cisdane. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam 8(2):155–176. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2011.8.2.155-176.
Kerr J, Milne G, Chhotray V, Baumann P, James AJ. 2007. Managing watershed externalities in India: Theory and practice. Environment, Development, and Sustainability 9:263–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10668-005-9022-3.
Kibena J, Nhapi I, Gumindoga W. 2014. Assessing the relationship between water quality parameters and changes in landuse patterns in the Upper Manyame River, Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 67-69: 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2013. 09.017.
Kosoy N, Tuna MM, Muradian R, Alier JM. 2007. Payments for environmental services in watersheds: Insights from a comparative study of three cases in Central America. Ecological Economics 6:446–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.03.016.
Lastini T. 2012. Tipologi desa hutan rakyat: kasus di Kabupaten Ciamis [disertasi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Liu J, Qu H, Huang D, Chen G, Yue X, Zhao X, Liang Z. 2014. The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism. Tourism Management 41:190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.08.016.
Mauthe MB, Oleson KLL, Brander LM, Zafindrasilivonona B, Oliver TA, Van Beukering P. 2015. Social capital as an ecosystem service: Evidence from a locally managed marine area. Ecosystem Services 16:283–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.10.009.
Muradian R, Corbera E, Pascual U, Kosoy N, May PH. 2010. Reconciling theory and practice: An alternative conceptual framework for understanding payments for environmental services. Ecological Economics 69:1202–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon. 2009.11.006.
Nugroho B, Tiryana T. 2013. Implication of the private property right to the community forest businesses formalization through the certification policy. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika. XIX(3):178–186. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.19.3.178.
Ostrom E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. United States of America: Cambridge Unniversity Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763.
Ostrom E. 2000. Collective action and the evolution of social norms. The Journal of Economic Prospective. 14(3):137–158.
[Prisma] Programa Salvadoreño de Investigación Sobre Desarrollo y Medio
Ambiente. 2003. Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural Communities: Lessons from the Americas and Key Issues for Strengthening Community Strategies. Miami (USA). Prisma.
Parlinah N. 2018. Model pengembangan pembayaran jasa lingkungan hutan rakyat di daerah tangkapan air Waduk Jatigede [disertasi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Putnam RD, Leonardi R, Nonetti RY. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990.
Putnam RD. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Rawlins MA, Westby L. 2013. Community participation in payment for ecosystem services design and implementation: an example from Trinidad. Ecosystem Services 6:117–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser. 2013.09.004.
Rosa H, Barry D, Kandel S, Dimas L. 2004. Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural Communities: Lessons from the Americas. Amherst: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts.
Suharti S, Darusman D, Nugroho B, Sundawati L. 2016. Strengthening social capital for propelling collective action in mangrove management. Wetlands Ecology and Management 24(6):683–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-016-9496-9.
Supranto J. 2000. Statistik, Teori dan Aplikasi. In: Tulus S, Ali S, editors. 6th edition. Jakarta: Erlangga Press.
The Regional Forum on Payment Schemes for Environmental Services in Watersheds, the Third Latin American Congress on Watershed Management. 2004. Payment Schemes for Environmental Services in Watersheds. Rome: FAO.Urquhart J, Courtney P, Slee B. 2012. Private woodland owner's perspectives on multifunctionality in England woodlands. Journal of Rural Studies 28:95–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jrurstud.2011.08.006.
van der Horst. 2011. Adoption of payments for ecosystem services: An application of the Hägerstrand model. Applied Geography 31:668–678. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.12.001.
Widarti A. 2015. Contribution of small scale private forest for environmental and income sustainability. In: Proceeding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. 1(7): 1622–1626.
Woolcock M. 2001. The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. The Isuma Canadian Journal of Policy Research 2(1):11–17.
Yin R, Liu T, Yao S, Zhao M. 2013. Designing and implementing payments for ecosystem services programs: lessons learned from China's cropland restoration experience. Forest Policy and Economics 35:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06. 010.
Susanto DF, Aparamarta HW, Widjaya A, Gunawan S. 2017. Identification of phytochemical compounds in Calophyllum inophyllum leaves. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 7(9):773–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.08.001.
Tsakaldimi M, Tsitsoni T, Ganatsas P, Zagas T. 2009. A comparison of root architecture and shoot morphology between naturally regenerated and container-grown seedlings of Quercus ilex. Plant and Soil 324:103–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11104-009-9974-4.
van Sambeek JW, Godsey LD, Walter WD, Garrett HE, Dwyer JP. 2016. Field performance of Quercus bicolor established as repeatedly air-root-pruned container and bareroot planting stock. Open Journal of Forestry 6:163–176. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2016.63014.
Vandana V, Kodanda RRCH, Somnath G, Babia L. 2017. Synthesis of Calophyllum inophyllum esters as biofuel feed stock. JOJ Material Science 2(2):555–583. https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJMS.2017.02.555583.
Vaverkova M, Adamcova D, Kotovicova J, Toman F. 2014. Evaluation of biodegradability of plastics bags in composting conditions. Ecology and Chemical Engeneering Science 21(1):45–57. https://doi.org/10. 2478/eces-2014-0004.
Zahawi RA, Holl KD. 2009. Comparing the performance of tree stakes and seedlings to restore abandoned tropical pastures. Restoration Ecology 17:854–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00423.x.
Authors
ParlinahN., NugrohoB., SalehM. B., & HendrayantoH. (2018). Possibility of Harnessing Social Capital to Support the Development of Payment for Environmental Services in Small-Scale Forests: A Case of Jatigede Catchment Area. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 24(2), 70. Retrieved from https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jmht/article/view/17474
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