Microbial Community Behaviour in The Rhizosphere of Kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Pers) After Pruning
Abstract
Pruning is a removing some parts of the tree canopy, either for improving tree shape or increasing shoot productivity. It can be implemented in yield management of commodities that are harvested its shoot biomass, such as tea or kilemo. This activity interferes plant growth, hence affect root secretion. Consequently, it alters soil microbe populations in the rhizosphere. This paper observes the impacts of pruning on fluctuation of root exudates (soil sugar) and rhizosphere communities of 2-years-old Kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Pers.). Tree samples were pruned by removing shoots above the lowest branches. A month after cutting, trees were fertilized using three types of fertilizers: leaf, NPK, and organic fertilizer. As a control, there were non-fertilized treated trees. To observe the root exudation and microbes populations, 0−20 cm depth of soil at rhizospheres were collected from 10th, 30th, 60th and 90th day after pruning. Samples were further analyzed for observing the amount of soil-sugar and microbes population, such as N-fixer, cellulose degrader, and phosphate solubilizer. Results show that Kilemo root drastically decreased their sugar exudation by 22% (10th day), 28% (30th day), 44% (60th day) and 70% (90th day), respectively. Therefore, those populations were significantly depleted. Rhizosphere sugar can be improved by fertilization, however, the augmentation did not enhance the rhizosphere communities.
References
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Sardans J, Penuelas J. 2005. Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L. forest. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37:455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.004.
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Stark JM, Firestone MK. 1995. Mechanisms for soil moisture effects on activity of nitrifying bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61:218–221.
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Alvarez JA, Villagra PE, Villalba R, Debandi G. 2013. Effect of the pruning intensity and tree size on multi-stemmed Prosopsis flexuosa trees in the central Monte, Argentina. Forest Ecology Management 310:857–864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.033.
Berg G, Steidle N, Eberl A, Zock L, Smalla K. 2002. Plant-dependent genotypic and phenotypic diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from different verticillium host plats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68:3328–3338. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3328-3338.2002.
Demoling F, Figueroa D, Baath E. 2007. Comparison of factors limiting bacterial growth in different soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39:2485–2495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.002.
Dijkstra FA, Cheng W. 2007. Moisture modulates rhizosphere effects on C decomposition in two different soil types. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39:2264–2274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.026.
Elsas JVD, Jansson JK, Trevors J. 2006. Modern Soil Ecology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
George TS, Simpsons RJ, Gregory PJ, Daniell TJ. 2009. Extracelluler release of a heterologous phytase of transgenic plants: does manipulation of rhyzosphere biochemistry impact microbial community stucture? FEMS Microbiology Ecology 70:433–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00762.x.
Gorissen A, Tietema A, Joosten, NN, Estiarte M, Pen˜uelas J, Sowerby A,
Emmett BA, Beier C. 2004. Climate change affects carbon allocation to the soil in shrublands. Ecosystems 7:650–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0218-4.
Grayston SJ, Campbell CD. 1996. Functional biodiversity of microbial communities in the rhizospheres of hybrid larch (Larix eurolepis) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). Tree Physiology 16:1031–1038. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.11-12.1031.
Gregory PJ. 2006. Roots, rhizosphere and soil: The route to a better understanding of soil science. Euroupian Journal of Soil Science 57:2–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00778.x.
Gunina A, Kuzyakov Y. 2015. Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 90:87–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.021.
Heyne K. 1987. Beneficial Plants of Indonesia, second series. Jakarta: Forestry Research and Development Agency.
Hinsinger P. 2001. Bioavailability of soil organic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes: A review. Plant and Soil 237:173–195. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013351617532.
Hutsch BW, Augustin J, Merbach W. 2002. Plant rhizodeposition-an important source for carbon turnover in soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science-Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde 165:397–407. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2624(200208) 165:4<397::AID-JPLN397>3.0.CO;2-C.
Jones DL, Darrah PR. 1994. Role of root derived organic acids in the mobilization of nutrients from the rhizosphere. Plants and soils 44:1025–1034.
Kadiata BD, Mulongoy K, Mambani B. 1998. Pruning effect on nitrogen nutrient release in the root zone of Albizia lebbeck and Leucaena leucochephala. Biology and Fertility Soils 26:187–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050366.
Kandeler E, Kampichler C, Horak O. 1996. Influence of heavy metals on the functional diversity of soil communities. Biology and Fertility Soils 23:299–306. https://doi.org/10. 1007/BF00335958.
Lines-Kelly R. 2005. Defend the rhizosphere and root against pathogenic microorganisms. http://ice.agric.uwa.edu.au/soils/soilhealth
Marschner P, Crowley D, Rengel Z. 2011. Rhizosphere interaction between microorganisms and plants govern iron and phosphorus acquisition along the roots axis-model and research methods. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43:883–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.soilbio.2011.01. 005.
Miah MY, Kanazawa S, Chino M. 1998. Nutrient distribution across wheat rhizosphere with oxamide and ammonium sulfate as N source. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition 44:579−587. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1998. 10414481.
Moritsuka N, Yanai J, Kosaki T. 2013. Effect of application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on the dynamics of soil nutrients in the rhizosphere. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition 47(1):139−148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2001.10408376.
Neumann G. 2007. Root exudates and nutrients cycling. In: Marschner P, Rengel Z, editors. Nutrients Cyclings in Terrestrial Ecosystem. Berlin: Springer Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68027-7_5.
Novita D. 2012. Impact of fertilizer on chemistry and biology properties of Kilemo [thesis]. Bogor: Graduated School of Bogor Agriculture University.
Pansu M, Goutheyrou J. 2003. Handbook of Soil Analysis. New York: Springer.
Sardans J, Penuelas J. 2005. Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L. forest. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37:455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.08.004.
Sørensen J. 1997. The Rhizosphere as a Habitat for Soil Microorganisms; Modern soil microbiology. van Elsas JD, Trevors JT, Wellington EMH, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Stark JM, Firestone MK. 1995. Mechanisms for soil moisture effects on activity of nitrifying bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61:218–221.
Weiskopf L, Abou-Mansour E, Fromin N, Tomasi N, Santelia D, Edelcot I, Neumann G, Aragno M, Tabacchi R, Martinoia E. 2006. White lupin has developed a complex strategy to limit microbial degradation of secreted citrate required for phosphate acquisition. Plant, Cell & Environment 29:919−927. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01473.x.
Zhang HW, Huang Y, Ye XS, Xu FS. 2010. Analysis of the contribution of acid phosphatase to P efficiency in Brassica napus under low phosphorus conditions. Science China-Life Sciences 53:709–717. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11427-010-4008-2.
Authors
WidyatiE. (2016). Microbial Community Behaviour in The Rhizosphere of Kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Pers) After Pruning. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 22(3), 149. Retrieved from https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jmht/article/view/15463
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